Amavolumu okuthunyelwa ayakhula emakethe ye-solar tracker yomhlaba wonke njengokuqanjwa okusha ekuthuthukisweni kwephrojekthi kudinga isidingo. U-Joe Steveni, we-S&P Global Commodity Insights, ubheka izici ezakha isimo sezentengiselwano sabalandeleli, kusukela ku-agrivoltaics kanye nezwe eliguquguqukayo kuya ekufezekiseni izifiso zase-India kanye noMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kwamanani Amandla Wase-United States.
Isithombe: Isithombe: S&P Global Commodity Insights
Kusuka kumagazini we-pv ophrintiwe ngo-7/24
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-solar tracker ifinyelele ku-94 GW ngokwemibandela yokuthunyelwa ngo-2023, okuwukunyuka kusuka ku-73 GW ngo-2022. Lokhu kwaqhutshwa ukukhula ngaphandle kwezimakethe ezintathu ezinkulu zama-tracker: i-United States, i-Spain, ne-Brazil. Izimakethe zaseSaudi Arabia nezaseNdiya ikakhulukazi zibone ukukhula okuphezulu konyaka nonyaka, okushukunyiswa ukwanda kwesidingo esivela konjiniyela kanye nokukhuphuka kokufakwa kwesikali sosizo. Lezi zimakethe zikleliswe endaweni yesine neyesihlanu ngobukhulu ngokuthunyelwa kwe-tracker (bona ishadi elingenhla).
Ukuthunyelwa okuningi kwe-tracker kugxilwe phakathi kwemigqa ye-latitude ye-45-degree. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ukusebenzisa ama-tracker kudinga imigqa ebheke enyakatho naseningizimu elandelela ilanga ukusuka empumalanga kuye entshonalanga. Uma usebenzisa ama-tracker esikhundleni sezinhlelo zokutsheka okungaguquki, ulahlekelwa amandla okutshekisa amaphaneli elanga enyakatho noma eningizimu ngaselangeni. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenzisa ama-tracker kunciphisa isivuno ngokuqhubekayo ukusuka enkabazwe.
Imikhiqizo ye-tracker egxile ku-Two-in-portrait (2P) inamathisela amamojula welanga aphindwe kabili ngobude ngobude bomugqa we-tracker. Cishe i-15% yokuthunyelwa kwe-tracker ngo-2023 yayiyi-2P emhlabeni jikelele kodwa e-Europe lelo nani leqe laya ku-30%. Lokhu kungenxa yemikhawulo yomhlaba ezimakethe ezithile zaseYurophu njengoba i-2P idinga inqwaba embalwa nge-kilowatt-peak yomthamo wokukhiqiza. Amanye amaphrojekthi aphinde asayina izinkontileka eminyakeni embalwa edlule lapho imikhiqizo ye-2P yayisetshenziswa njalo, okusiza ukuchaza lokhu okuthandwayo.
Ukushayela emisha
I-Innovation iyaqhubeka nokushayela imakethe ye-solar tracker. Emkhakheni we-agrivoltaics, kuvamile ukubona amaphrojekthi anemigqa ye-tracker ehlukene ngamamitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-15 endaweni ekhethekile “yokuvuna” eqondile, ukuze izimoto zokulima zikwazi ukufinyelela endaweni. Kunezingqinamba ezengeziwe ezinquma ubude obuncane bama-tracker. Emapulazini ezithelo, kunamadizayini e-tracker alawula ukuthi kungakanani ukukhanya kwelanga okufika emkhiqizweni. Lokhu kucabangela okokufaka okwengeziwe, okufana nesitshalo, izinga lokushisa, namazinga okuhwamuka futhi kufanele kube ne-algorithm yokulandelela eyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ifane.
Enye indawo yokuqanjwa kabusha iwukwenza kuqala, ekuqaleni okusetshenziselwa ukunciphisa izidingo zabasebenzi kanye nokuthuthukisa isivinini sokufaka. Imikhiqizo emisha iyavela edinga izinsuku ezimbalwa kuphela i-megawatt ngayinye yomthamo wokukhiqiza ukuze ifakwe izisebenzi ezingenamakhono eziyi-10 kuya kwezingama-20. Le mikhiqizo ngokuvamile ayisebenzisi izinqwaba futhi idizayinelwe ukulingana nenani eliqondile lamamojula esitsheni esisodwa sokuthumela. Okubalulekile, le mikhiqizo ingaphinda ipakishwe esitsheni bese iyiswa kwenye indawo. Lokhu kuwusizo kakhulu ezinhlelweni ezisebenza ngaphandle kwegridi lapho ukufunwa kukagesi esikhathini esizayo kungabikezeleki, njengokukhiqizwa endaweni ezimayini.
Abahlinzeki be-tracker nabo bakhipha imikhiqizo elandelayo yendawo elungele umhlaba ongaguquki. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lokusika nokugcwaliswa elidingekayo ukuze kube nesisekelo esilinganayo futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphrojekthi awadingi ubude obuhlukene bezinqwaba zesisekelo. Lokhu futhi kuvula amathuba okuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi ezindaweni ezinamagquma.
Ukukhula komhlaba wonke
I-S&P Global ibikezela u-752 GW wokufakwa kwe-tracker phakathi kuka-2024 no-2030, ngenani elikhulayo elivela ezifundeni zase-Asia-Pacific naseYurophu, Middle East, nase-Afrika. I-Mainland China ibikezela ukuthi izokwandisa kancane ukutholwa kwe-tracker, isuke ekuthandeni kwayo okungokomlando okutshekile okugxilile njengoba kukhula ukwethenjwa kobuchwepheshe be-tracker. ISaudi Arabia isivele inama-tracker amaningi. Ukukhula okuqinile engxenyeni yesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa, okuhambisana nezingosi ze-hydrogen ezingaba luhlaza ukuya ku-2030, kuzoqhubekisela phambili ukuthunyelwa kwe-tracker. I-India isiqalile ukubona ukwanda kwe-tracker ngokuqiniseka okukhulayo kubuchwepheshe obuqhutshwa ubudlelwano phakathi kwabahlinzeki abakhulu be-tracker kanye nobunjiniyela bendawo, ukuthengwa kwempahla kanye nezinkampani zokwakha. I-India nayo iseduze nenkabazwe futhi inezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi okuyenza ilungele abalandeleli, ngenxa yezindleko eziphansi zokufakwa nokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa nokunakekelwa okuhlobene nabasebenzi. Kodwa-ke, ukufakwa kwesikali sosizo e-Spain nase-Brazil kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle ngo-2030, kuqhutshwa izinselelo zegridi kanye nezintengo zesivumelwano sokuthenga amandla eziwayo, ngokulandelana.
I-S&P Global ithe i-United States izobalelwa ku-39% wokufakwa kwe-tracker kuso sonke isikhathi sika-2024-2030 (bona ishadi kwesokudla). Njengamanje, e-United States, uMthetho Wokwehliswa Kokwehla Kwamanani Emali (Inflation Reduction Act) (IRA) unikeza izikhuthazo ngendlela yezikweletu zentela, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi “ama-adders,” ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kwasekhaya. I-IRA ihlukanisa cishe amaphesenti ezindleko zezingxenye ezihlukene zephrojekthi yesilinganiso sokusetshenziswa kwelanga. Izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zingamamojula, ama-tracker, nama-inverters; enza u-66%, 9%, no-25% wemishini, ngokulandelana. Lezi zingxenye zihlukaniswa zibe izigatshana. Ukuze bafanelekele ukuthola i-tax adder, abathuthukisi kudingeka babe no-40% wezinto zabo zokusebenza zephrojekthi ezikhiqizwe e-United States, inani kamuva elikhuphuka libe kumaphesenti aphezulu. Ukwanelisa lesi sidingo esisha esivela konjiniyela, abanye abahlinzeki be-tracker basungule imikhiqizo “elungele i-IRA” enengxenye ephezulu yokukhiqizwa kwayo ezinze e-United States. I-Nextracker, i-Array Technologies, i-GameChange, i-PV Hardware, i-FTC Solar, i-OMCO Solar, ne-Nevados zonke zinemisebenzi yokukhiqiza yase-US.
Imboni ye-solar tracker isethelwe ukuthi ibe nokukhula okuqinile kanye noguquko olusheshayo eminyakeni ezayo. Ngezimakethe ezithuthukayo nezindawo zokukhiqiza, abahlinzeki bazodinga ukusungula izinto ezintsha ngokuqhubekayo ukuze benze amaphrojekthi ayengakwazi ukusebenza phambilini abe nokwenzeka. Lo mhlaba oguquguqukayo unikeza amathuba ajabulisayo embonini ukuthi aqhube imingcele futhi aqhube ukwamukelwa kwamandla elanga.
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