Ukuba nezigubhu zamabhuleki ezisezingeni eliphezulu ngendlela efanele kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuba nomnikazi noma ukushayela noma iyiphi imoto. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi bayasiza ngokubhuleka ngesikhathi nangempumelelo, nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha emgwaqeni nempilo ende yemoto. Nokho, izigubhu zamabhuleki zidinga ukushintshwa lapho zigugile noma zilimele, kuzenze zibe into ethengwa ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Nokho, ukukhetha izigubhu zamabhuleki ezinhle kungaba inselele, ikakhulukazi ngoba ziningi ongakhetha kuzo emakethe. Lesi sihloko sidingida ukuthi kungani izigubhu zamabhuleki zibalulekile, uma zidinga ukushintshwa, zicwengwa kanjani futhi zithuthukiswe kanjani ngobuchwepheshe obusha, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uzithenga.
Okuqukethwe
Kungani uthenga izigubhu zamabhuleki
Ziyini izigubhu zamabhuleki futhi kungani zibalulekile?
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uthenga izigubhu zamabhuleki
Isikhathi sokushintsha izigubhu zamabhuleki
Izigubhu zamabhuleki vs. amabhuleki ediski
Isiphetho
Kungani uthenga izigubhu zamabhuleki
Kulezi zinsuku ama-disc brakes avamise ukuthatha isibonelo ngaphezu kwezigubhu zamabhuleki ekuthengisweni kwezimoto zansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwezicelo zezimboni, abagibeli, kanye ne-off-roading, izigubhu zamabhuleki kuseyisinqumo esiqinile. Ukwengeza, abakhiqizi bezigubhu zamabhuleki bamukela ushintsho futhi benza intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, izindlela zokunciphisa umsindo, ukufakwa kuma-anti-lock braking systems (ABS), kanye nokusebenza ekunciphiseni uthuli lwamabhuleki nokunye okuphumayo.
Usayizi wemakethe ye-automotive brake system kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula esihlanganisiwe sonyaka (CAGR) sika 5.5% kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2030, ngenani lemakethe lika- I-USD 47.75 billion ngo-2022. Izinhlelo zokubhuleka izigubhu zamabhuleki zihlanganisa kuphela ingxenye yaleyo makethe, nokho, futhi ukukhula okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhamuke ekukhuleni. kwesidzingo ezimotweni zabagibeli nezentengiso e-India nase-China - zombili lezi zigaba zezimoto zingabasebenzisi bokuqala bezigubhu zamabhuleki futhi womabili amazwe angabashayeli bemakethe emhlabeni jikelele (i-China imele 25% yemakethe yezigubhu zamabhuleki). Akumangazi-ke, ukuthi uma kubhekwa njengeyodwa, imakethe yezigubhu zamabhuleki ezimoto kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR 11.4% kusukela 2024 kuya 2031.
Ziyini izigubhu zamabhuleki futhi kungani zibalulekile?
Izigubhu zamabhuleki ziyizingxenye zensimbi eziyicylindrical ezisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokubhuleka izigubhu. Zivalwe ezindaweni zamasondo ezimoto, imvamisa amasondo angemuva, futhi ziyakwazi ukuphatha amandla amabhuleki aphezulu kanye nezimo ezingcolile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngezimoto ezinzima nezimoto zabagibeli. Ezinye zezici ezibalulekile zesigubhu samabhuleki zifaka:
Ukuphepha
Ukuthi uthatha abagibeli ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-B noma ukuhamba ngesivinini emakhoneni kumathrekhi e-Formula 1, ukubhuleka kubalulekile ukuze uphephe. Izigubhu zamabhuleki ziyingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yokubhuleka i-drum brake esetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inokuphepha emnyombweni wayo. Izigubhu zamabhuleki ziqinile futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nokungqubuzana kwesicathulo sebhuleki ngesikhathi sokubhuleka, okusho ukuhamba kancane nokuma okuphephile.
Ukusebenza
Izigubhu zamabhuleki zingabhekana nezisindo eziphakeme, amazinga okushisa, namazinga obunzima, nokho, izinga nesimo sesigubhu samabhuleki semoto kuzothinta ukusebenza kwayo ngokuqondile. Izigubhu zamabhuleki ezilimele noma ezigugile zingasho indawo engalingani noma ezacile, enganciphisa ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki futhi ingaholela nasekuhlulekeni kwamabhuleki.
ukuqina
Imvamisa eyenziwe ngensimbi ewukhonkolo, izigubhu zamabhuleki ziqine ngendlela emangalisayo futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokuguga okuphawulekayo nokudabuka. Zihlala zingaphansi kokungqubuzana namazinga okushisa aguquguqukayo kodwa ziyakwazi ukumelana nokungqubuzana nokuqhekeka ukuze zisebenze isikhathi eside. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba zivalekile, zivikelwe ekungcoleni, ematsheni nakwezinye izinto ezingase zilimaze.
Ukuncishiswa komsindo
Izigubhu zamabhuleki ezinakekelwa kahle zizovumela ukushayela okubushelelezi kanye ne-braking ethule, okusho ukwazi ukushayela ngokunethezeka. Uma i-braking ingalingani noma kuba nomsindo wokubhuleka nokudlidliza, lokhu kungaba inkomba yokuthi izigubhu zamabhuleki zidinga ukushintshwa.
Okufanele ukubheke lapho uthenga izigubhu zamabhuleki
Material
Izigubhu zamabhuleki eziningi zenziwe nge-cast iron, enezimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuqeda ukushisa nokuqina okuhle. Kodwa-ke, ukushayela okukhethekile kusho izinketho ezintsha ezintweni ezisetshenziselwa izigubhu zamabhuleki.
Ama-alloys anekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nezinto eziyinhlanganisela manje zenza ezinye izigubhu zamabhuleki emakethe. Lezi zigubhu zamabhuleki ezisebenza kahle zinikeza isisindo esincishisiwe sokukhuphuka kwesivinini kanye nokuphatha okungcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banikeza ukumelana namandla angcono, kanye nezimfanelo ezithuthukisiwe zokushisa ukushisa, konke ngenkathi zingaphazamisi impilo ende yengxenye. Lezi zigubhu zamabhuleki ezisebenza kahle ziyinketho ekahle ezimotweni ezinezidingo eziphezulu, njengalezo ezihlale zishayela endaweni enzima noma ezidonsa imithwalo esindayo.
Usayizi
Ubukhulu nokulingana kwesigubhu sebhuleki kuzohluka kuye ngokuthi imodeli yemoto kanye nesistimu yayo yokubhuleka. Ukukhetha usayizi ofanele kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoba ukufaka usayizi ongalungile kungalimaza isistimu yokubhuleka, okuholela ekwandeni kwebanga lokuma ngisho nokuhluleka kwamabhuleki.
Ukuze uthenge usayizi olungile wesigubhu samabhuleki, umakhenikha uzokala ububanzi nobubanzi, aphinde ahlole iphethini yebhawodi, ngaphambi kokufanisa lokhu nesistimu yokubhuleka yemoto. Lolu lwazi lungatholakala nakubhukwana lomnikazi wemoto.
Isisindo
Isisindo sesigubhu sebhuleki sincike ezintweni ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwaso. Imoto isebenzisa luphi uhlobo lwesigubhu samabhuleki esizothonywa yizidingo zayo zokushayela. Isibonelo, izigubhu zamabhuleki ensimbi esindayo zinezimfanelo ezisebenzayo zokulahla ukushisa, ukuqina okukhulu, futhi ngokuvamile ziyinketho yezindleko eziphansi. Izinto ezihlanganisiwe noma izigubhu zamabhuleki e-carbon alloy alula, ngaleyo ndlela zithuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemoto, futhi zinikeza izimfanelo ezingcono zokuqeda ukushisa. Nokho, lezi zivame ukubiza kakhulu kunohlobo lwangaphambili.
Umthethonqubo wokushisa
Ukubhuleka okulandelanayo nokuthatha isikhathi eside kungaholela ekushiseni ngokweqile kwezigubhu zamabhuleki, okuzoyilimaza futhi kubangele ukubhidlika, ukuqhekeka, namabhuleki. Le miphumela inganciphisa ukwakheka kwezigubhu zamabhuleki, yehlise imoto ngesikhathi ishayela futhi iphazamise ukusebenza kahle kwamabhuleki, futhi kuholele ekushintsheni ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezigubhu zamabhuleki.
Uma imoto ihloselwe ukusebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, njengomqeqeshi wabagibeli ohamba ekhuphuka naphansi ezigodini noma i-4×4 eshayelwa endaweni enzima, khona-ke kungaba ukuhlakanipha ukutshala izigubhu zamabhuleki asezingeni eliphezulu. Lezi zibiza kakhulu kodwa ziza ngamadizayini angena umoya futhi zihlanganisa izici ezifana nezimpiko zokupholisa.
Ukumelene nokushisa
Ukugqwala kwenzeka lapho izimoto zishayelwa ngaphansi kwesimo sezulu esibi (okuhlanganisa umswakama ophezulu, imvula evamisile, nobusika obuneqhwa) noma emigwaqweni embozwe usawoti womgwaqo. Lokhu ukusabela okuvamile endaweni ezungezile, kodwa okungalimaza ukusebenza kahle kwemigqomo yamabhuleki. Ukuze unciphise umthelela kasawoti nesimo sezulu futhi unciphise ukugqwala, khetha izigubhu zamabhuleki ezifakwe okokuvikela ukugqwala noma ezenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nokugqwala.
Isikhathi sokushintsha izigubhu zamabhuleki
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokusho lapho izigubhu zamabhuleki emoto zidinga ukushintshwa. Izimpawu ezintathu ezilandelayo zizokuqala okufanele zibhekwe:
Ukusebenza kwebhuleki okwehlisiwe
Lokhu kuwuphawu olucacile lokuthi isistimu yokubhuleka idinga ukuhlolwa nokuthi isigubhu sebhuleki singase sidinge ukushintshwa. Abashayeli kufanele babheke ukukhuphuka kwebanga lokuma noma ukunensa, kanye nokubheka ukuthi i-pedal ye-brake idinga ukududulwa phansi kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Ukunciphisa ukuzinza
Uma umshayeli ebona imisindo engavamile ngesikhathi ebhuleka, njengokuqhweba, ukugaya, noma ukuklwebha, lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi isigubhu sebhuleki sidinga ukushintshwa. Isizathu salo msindo ngokuvamile ukuthi isicathulo se-brake singase sibe nobunzima bokucindezela isigubhu, esingase sibonise ukuthi sigugile noma sisontekile. Olunye uphawu lwesigubhu sebhuleki esigugile noma esisontekile uma umshayeli ezwa ukuvevezela noma ama-pulses esiteringini kanye/noma noma enyaweni lapho ebhuleka.
umonakalo
Uma kukhona noma iluphi uphawu lomonakalo kusigubhu sebhuleki, njengokuqhekeka okubonakalayo, imifantu, noma amaphuzu ajulile endaweni yesigubhu, lokhu kungaba uphawu oluqinile lokusishintsha. Lolu hlobo lomonakalo lungathinta ubuqotho besakhiwo sesigubhu sebhuleki futhi luholele ekufeyikeni kwamabhuleki okuyingozi.
Izigubhu zamabhuleki vs. amabhuleki ediski
Umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwamasistimu okubhuleka amabili - izigubhu zamabhuleki nama-disc brakes - ukuthi isigubhu sebhuleki sifakwe esondweni kuyilapho ibhuleki lediski iyirotha yangaphandle, emise okwediski exhunywe esondweni. Mayelana nokusebenza, isigubhu sebhuleki sibalwa nesicathulo sebhuleki esiphusha odongeni lwesigubhu ukudala ukungqubuzana nokumisa imoto. I-disc brake, yona, ibala nama-brake pads nhlangothi zombili ezibamba kwi-disc, okudala ukungqubuzana ukuze imoto ihambe kancane ize iyofika esitobhini.
Ukusebenza
Nakuba zanele kubasebenzisi abaningi bomgwaqo, izigubhu zamabhuleki azinikezi ukuqina namandla ekubhulekeni okwenziwa ama-disc brakes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimfanelo zabo zokukhipha ukushisa azifani namabhuleki ediski. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle uma ushayela ngesivinini esikhulu noma ngaphansi kwezimo eziyinselele, izigubhu zamabhuleki zingakwazi ukubhekana nezimo eziningi zokushayela.
Ukufaneleka
Izigubhu zamabhuleki ishibhile kunama-disk brakes kuyilapho zisanikeza amandla amahle okubhuleka nokuqina. Ukwengeza, isimo esivalekile sesigubhu sebhuleki sisho ukuthi uhlelo lokubhuleka luvikeleke kangcono othulini nasekungcoleni kunebhuleki lediski langaphandle. Lokhu kwenza izigubhu zamabhuleki zifaneleke kakhulu ezimotweni ezinzima ezishayela ngaphandle komgwaqo noma izimo zezimboni, njengamaloli, amabhasi, nama-trailer.
Cost
Izingxenye zesistimu ye-brake drum braking ngokuvamile ziyizindleko eziphansi kunozakwabo ohlelweni lwe-disc brake braking. Yingakho zivame ukusetshenziswa esondo elingemuva lezimoto ezivumelana nesabelomali. Kodwa-ke, izigubhu zamabhuleki kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo kunamabhuleki ediski, futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi naphezu kwezindleko eziphansi zokuqala, izigubhu zamabhuleki zingabiza kakhulu kunamabhuleki ediski ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Isiphetho
Izigubhu zamabhuleki zingase zingazihlobisi izimoto ezenza kahle futhi ezibizayo abaningi abafisa ukuba nazo, kodwa ziyingxenye esemqoka embonini yezokuthutha futhi ezisazoqhubeka nokuthengisa. Lezi zinto ziyinketho ekhethwayo ezimbonini ezidinga izimoto ezinkulu, okuhlanganisa imikhakha ekhulayo yokuhamba kwabaqeqeshi, izimayini, ezokwakha, kanye nezokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, njengoba izinto ezidinga ukulungiswa nokushintshwa, izigubhu zamabhuleki zidingeka kakhulu.
