Ama-OEM aseShayina afana ne-BYD Auto ne-Geely, ashintshele kuma-NEV kusenesikhathi, angabadlali abaqinile.
Imboni yezimoto yaseChina ibuyele esimeni ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, njengoba ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke ngabakhi bezimoto bezwe kwehle ngo-5% unyaka nonyaka njalo ngenyanga kaJulayi no-Agasti, kanye no-2% ngoSepthemba ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwedatha yokuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli nezentengiso ehlanganiswe yiChina Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). Lokhu kwandisa ingcindezi ikakhulukazi kubakhiqizi abaningi bakuleli asebenesikhathi eside basungulwa kanye nezinkampani zangaphandle ezihlangene.
Sekukonke ukudayiswa kwezimoto ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zokuqala zika-2024 bekusanyuke ngaphezudlwana kuka-2% kuya ku-21.571 million amayunithi kusuka ku-21.069 million esikhathini esifanayo sonyaka odlule. Ukuthengwa kwezimoto ezincane kukhuphuke ngo-3% kwaya ku-18.679 million kanti ukuthengwa kwezimoto zehle ngo-2% kuya ku-2.892 million. Isamba sesisonke sisekelwe ukwenyuka ngo-27% kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kuya ezigidini ezingu-4.312, okuhlanganisa nokukhuphuka ngo-12% kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla (NEV) - okuhlanganisa ikakhulukazi ama-BEV kanye ne-plug-in hybrids electric cars (PHEVs), kuya kumayunithi angu-968,000. Ukuthengiswa kwasekhaya, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwehle ngo-5% kuya ku-17.259 million amayunithi kusuka ku-18.183 million, kuhlanganise ne-7.392 million NEVs.
Uhulumeni waseShayina uqinise izinyathelo zokugqugquzela izimakethe ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ukuphendula ukuhlaba umkhosi ukusetshenziswa kwemali yabathengi - okunciphise ukukhula kwe-GDP kuya ku-4.7% unyaka nonyaka ngekota yesibili isuka ku-5.3% kwikota yokuqala. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi uhulumeni waseShayina uluphinde kabili uxhaso olulodwa lwe-CNY10,000 (US$1,400) olwethulwe ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-CNY20,000 kubathengi abahweba ngezimoto ze-ICE ezindala ukuze bathole ama-EV amasha afanelekile. Ohulumeni bezifunda banezinhlelo zabo zokukhuthaza, kuyilapho ibhange elikhulu liqhubeka nokukhuthaza ababolekisi ukuthi behlise izidingo zokukhokha kancane emalini ebolekiwe yezimoto futhi behlise nenzalo.
Ukusebenza kwabakhiqizi bezimoto ngabanye kuhluke kakhulu kulo nyaka, izinkampani ezifana ne-BYD Auto kanye ne-Geely ezishintshele kuma-NEV ngaphambi kwesikhathi zisebenze kakhulu kakhulu. I-BYD, manje egxile ngokuphelele kuma-NEVs, ibone ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kukhuphuka ngo-32% kuya ku-2,747,875 amayunithi e-YTD, okuhlanganisa nokweqa okungu-105% ekuthengisweni phesheya kwezilwandle kuya kumayunithi angama-297,881.
Ukuthengiswa kwezinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye kweqembu lakwaGeely kuzo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba kukhuphuke ngo-21% kwaya ku-2,319,664, kanti ukuthengiswa kweGreat Wall Motor bekungaphansi kancane kumayunithi angama-853,813 - okusekelwe ukwanda okungama-53% kokuthengiswa phesheya kwezilwandle kuya kumayunithi angama-324,244 kwathi iyunithi yokuthengisa ye-GAC yehle yaba ngu-26.
Ukuncintisana kwenyuke kakhulu kuzo zonke izingxenye zemakethe onyakeni odlule, okuhlanganisa nama-BEV, ngesaphulelo esijulile sabathengisi kanye namamodeli ashibhe kakhulu afika emakethe. Ama-margins kanye neholo liza ngaphansi kwengcindezi enkulu, okuholela ekutheni abakhiqizi bakhuphule ukwanda kwabo phesheya kwezilwandle.
Ezinye zezinkampani ezinkulu ezingaphansi kukahulumeni, okuhlanganisa i-SAIC Motor Corporation kanye ne-GAC Group, zibike ukuthi ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla kwehlile kulo nyaka. Nakuba lokhu kuchazwa ngokwengxenye ukungenzi kahle kakhulu ngamabhizinisi abo angaphandle, ukusebenza kwezimoto zabo eziphethwe ngokuphelele nakho kunzima ukuhambisana nokushintshela kuma-NEV.
Ukuthengiswa komhlaba wonke kwe-SAIC Motor okuzinze e-Shanghai kwehle ngo-35% kuya ku-313,260 amayunithi ngoSepthemba futhi ngo-22% kuya ku-2,649,333 amayunithi unyaka kuze kube manje (YTD), nokuthengiswa kwehle kulo lonke iqembu naphezu kokwenyuka ngo-15% ekuthengisweni kwe-NEV kuya kumayunithi angu-748,027. Ukuthengiswa phesheya kwezilwandle kwehle ngo-12% kumayunithi angama-739,207. Ukulethwa kweSAIC-GM-Wuling kwehle ngamayunithi angaphezu kuka-5% kuya ku-840,009, kwathi i-SAIC Volkswagen yehle ngo-7% yaya ku-772,091 futhi i-SAIC-GM ibike ukuthi yehle ngo-61% yafinyelela kumayunithi angama-278,485.
I-SAIC-VW ne-SAIC-GM zombili zidayise izimoto ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili ngonyaka ngenani eliphakeme eminyakeni eyi-7-8 edlule, izimoto eziphindwe kabili zamanje. Okunye okuhlanganyelwe okukhulu kwa-VW, i-FAW-VW, kube kubi kakhulu kulo nyaka – njengoba ilinganiselwa ku-17% yehle kuze kube manje. I-GAC Group ezinze eGuangzhou, esebenzisana neHonda neToyota, ibike ukuthi yehle ngo-26% yafinyelela ku-1,152,424.
Imikhiqizo yakwamanye amazwe nayo yephuze ukushintshela kuma-NEV kanye nokuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sasendaweni sezimoto ezihlakaniphile, ezixhunyiwe. Izimpi zohwebo ezikhulayo phakathi kweShayina nabalingani abakhulu abahwebayo njenge-US kanye ne-European Union (EU) ngokusobala aziwusizi umuzwa wendawo ngemikhiqizo yangaphandle. Imikhiqizo yasekhaya manje yenza ngaphezu kuka-63% sezizonke izimoto ezithengiswayo eChina, zisuka ku-36% ngo-2020.
Ukwakhiwa kabusha kwebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe lakwamanye amazwe kudlondlobala njengoba abakhiqizi bebhekene nomthamo okhula ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yabo yezimoto ze-ICE, phakathi kweholo elikhulayo.
Sekuvele ukuthi iSAIC-VW ibheke ukuvala imboni yayo yesibili esikhathini esingaphezudlwana nje kweminyaka emibili, eNanjing, njengoba kulindeleke ukuthi kuvalwe ezinye. Abakhiqizi baseJapan iHonda kanye neNissan njengamanje basezinhlelweni zokunciphisa umthamo eChina, kwathi iMitsubishi yahoxa ngokuphelele ekukhiqizeni izimoto kuleli ngonyaka odlule.
IHyundai, engakalulami ekuxabaneni kwezepolitiki phakathi kweChina neSouth Korea ngo-2016, isivele ivale izitshalo ezimbalwa eminyakeni embalwa edlule okungenzeka ukuthi ilandele. Ngokwezibalo zayo, iHyundai Motor idayise izimoto ezingaphezu kuka-1.6 million ngonyaka eChina. Ukuthengiswa kwayo okuyinhloko kwe-Beijing Hyundai venture ngo-2024 kwehle ngo-26% unyaka nonyaka.
AbakwaFord nabakwa-GM nabo basebenza ngengxenye yamakhono abo e-China futhi kubukeka kuyindaba nje yesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi kumenyezelwe ukuhlelwa kabusha okubalulekile, kanti ukuhlanganyela kweJeep eChina kwashabalala ngo-2022.
I-Tesla iyona ehlukile kakhulu, njengoba ukuthunyelwa okuvela embonini yenkampani yase-Shanghai kwehla ngo-3% kuya kumayunithi angama-675,758 e-YTD, kanti ukuthengiswa komkhiqizo e-China kukhuphuke ngo-6% kuya kumayunithi angama-460,200. Konke lokhu naphezu kokuncintisana okwandayo kwabakhiqizi bezimoto bendawo.
Abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili phesheya kwezilwandle, ikakhulukazi izinkampani zaseJalimane ezifana neVW Group, Mercedes-Benz kanye neBMW, sebenyuse kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali ezinhlelweni zasekhaya ze-R&D futhi baqinisa ubudlelwano nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe zakuleli ezifana neBaidu, ByteDance neTencent, njengoba zibheke ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakuleli zezimoto ezihlakaniphile, ezixhumene nezizimele. Abakwa-VW basanda kuthola isiteki ku-Xpengng futhi bahlela ukwethula izinhlobo ezimbili ngo-2026 ngokusekelwe epulatifomu yozakwethu i-G9 BEV.
Njengoba ukuncintisana kwabakhiqizi bezimoto baseShayina kuqhubeka nokukhuphuka e-China naphesheya kwezilwandle, abakhiqizi bezimoto emhlabeni wonke baya ngokuya befuna ukusebenzisa i-China njengesizinda sokukhiqiza esingabizi kakhulu samamodeli esizukulwane esilandelayo. Lokhu akugqugquzelwa kuphela yizidingo ezikhulayo zemakethe yaseShayina, kodwa nezimakethe zomhlaba wonke ezihlanganisa neYurophu, njengoba zibheke ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele ubuchwepheshe obuphambili bezwe kanye namaketanga okuhlinzeka ngezindleko eziphansi.
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