Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Ukunika amandla ikusasa: imakethe yebhethri ye-e-bike ekhulayo
● Ukuphumelela kubuchwepheshe nedizayini yebhethri ye-e-bike
● Amamodeli ahola phambili: abashayeli bemakethe ye-e-bike
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Ukusetshenziswa kwamabhethri ebhayisikili kagesi kushintsha indlela abantu abahamba ngayo namuhla okwenza ukukhula kwamabhayisikili e-e njengendlela yokuthutha ephumelelayo. Ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-lithium-ion kanye nokwethulwa kwamabhethri esimo esiqinile, le mithombo yamandla ithuthuka ukuthi ingahamba ibanga elingakanani, ukusebenza kwayo, ububanzi, nezici zokuphepha. Njengoba imakethe ikhula ngenxa yentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri, ama-e-bikes azobamba iqhaza endleleni abantu abahamba ngayo emadolobheni kanye namabanga amade ngaphambili.
Ukunika amandla ikusasa: imakethe yebhethri ye-e-bike ekhulayo
Imakethe yebhethri ye-e-bike emhlabeni wonke iyakhula ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sezokuthutha ngemvelo kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-2023, inani lemakethe lalicishe libe ngama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-36.6, ngokukhula okubikezelwe ngesilinganiso se-CAGR esidlula u-4%, silinganisela ukukhuphukela ku-$53.1 billion ngonyaka ka-2032, njengoba kubikwe yiGlobal Market Insights. Le nqubekelaphambili ithuthukiswa kakhulu ukwesekwa kokuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ye-e-mobility kanye nezinhlelo zemvelo, ikakhulukazi kulo lonke elase-Asia-Pacific naseYurophu. Umzamo we-European Union wokuthuthukisa izimoto ezingakhiphi kanye nokukhula ngokushesha kwamadolobha okubonwa e-Asia. E-China naseNdiya. Badlala indima enkulu ekuqhubekiseni ukukhula kwemakethe.
Ngokwemibiko ye-Cognitive Market Research, amabhethri e-e-bike lithium-ion enza u-80% wakho konke ukuthengiswa ngoba aziwa ngokuxineka kwawo okuphezulu, isisindo esilula, nokuphila isikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe obusha bebhethri obufana ne-solid-state kanye ne-lithium-iron-phosphate sebuqala ukuqashelwa, nakuba njengamanje banesabelo semakethe. Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nezinqubomgomo ezisekelayo zikahulumeni kulindeleke ukuthi zikhuthaze ukukhula kwemakethe. I-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi ibuse ngezabelo zemakethe ezingaphezu kuka-60%, ngokusho kwemibiko ye-Technavio kanye ne-Cognitive Market Research.
Ukuphumelela kubuchwepheshe bebhethri le-e-bike nedizayini
Ukuvelela kwamabhethri e-lithium-ion kuyaqhubeka nokuhola indlela yobuchwepheshe bebhethri le-e-bike ngenxa yokuqina kwawo kwamandla, ukuphila isikhathi eside, nezici zokuphepha. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinketho zamabhethri e-e-bike, amabhethri e-lithium-ion angagcina amandla amaningi ngenkathi ehlala ephaketheni elilula, futhi amabhayisikili e-e asebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila ngokuvamile esisukela kumjikelezo wokushaja ongu-500 kuya ku-1,000, lawa mabhethri ahlinzeka abagibeli ngokwethembeka okuhlala njalo, ehlisa isidingo sokushintshwa. Ngokwemibiko ye-Uway kanye ne-Electric Bike Report, amabhethri e-lithium-ion manje anezici zokuphepha ezithuthukisiwe ezifana nokuphathwa okuthuthukisiwe kwe-thermal, okwehlisa amathuba okushisa ngokweqile noma imililo ngenkathi esetshenziswa noma eshajwa. Lokhu kuholele ekuthathweni kwabo njengenye yezinketho eziphezulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi abaningi embonini.
Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bebhethri yesimo esiqinile isethelwe ukuguqula umkhakha webhayisikili le-elekthronikhi ngokunikeza ukuminyana kwamandla namandla okushaja okusheshayo nempilo ehlala njalo. Ngokwemiphumela ye-Electric Bike Reports ecashunwe amalungu eqembu locwaningo I-Electric Bike Reports ibike ukwanda kwamandla okungafika ku-350–400 Wh/kg kumabhethri esimo esiqinile uma kuqhathaniswa namabhethri angu-150–200 Wh/kg wamabhethri e-lithium-ion ngenxa yokushintshwa kwe-electrolyte ewuketshezi, neqinile. Lesi sithuthukisi siphumela kumabanga okuhamba anwetshiwe kusetshenziswa iyunithi yebhethri eyodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabhethri e-solid-state angabekezelela imijikelezo yokushaja eyi-10,000, enganweba kakhulu impilo yamabhethri e-e-bike. Lawa mabhethri anikeza izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zingafinyelela ukushajwa okungu-80% phakathi nemizuzu eyi-10. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kungase kunciphise ukukhathazeka okuphathelene nezikhathi zokushaja futhi kukhuthaze ukwamukelwa kwalawa mabhethri uma esekwazi ukuhweba.
Enye indlela amabhethri e-lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4), aziwa ngokuphepha kwawo kanye nezinzuzo zemvelo. Lawa mabhethri anokubekezelela okuphezulu ukushisa futhi awathambekele ezenzakalweni zokushisa okushisayo, okuwenza abe ukukhetha okuvikelekile ngisho noma engaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu noma ukushajwa ngokushesha. Kodwa-ke, imboni ye-e-bike ijwayele ukungazinaki ngenxa yesisindo sawo samandla angu-90 kuya ku-120 Wh/kg, aphansi kakhulu kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion. Avame ukuba nzima futhi abe mkhulu ngomthamo ofanayo uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinketho, uhlangothi oluphansi lwamabhayisikili e-elektroniki lapho isisindo nokubumbana kuyizici ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangelwe.
Eminyakeni ezayo, amabhethri e-ceramic kanye ne-graphene kulindeleke ukuthi aguqule imboni yamandla e-e-bike. Amabhethri e-Ceramic anconywa ngesakhiwo sawo esiqinile kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, okuwasiza ukuthi amelane namazinga okushisa, aqinisekise ukuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kanye namandla amakhulu okungenzeka aphakeme. Ngaleso sikhathi, amabhethri e-graphene aziwa ngokusebenza kwawo kanye nokuguquguquka, isivinini esithembisayo sokushaja nokuphila kwebhethri okude. Ukwamukela lobu buchwepheshe kungakhuphula amandla ebanga lamabhethri futhi kunciphise ngokuphawulekayo ubude bokushaja, kubhekwane nokukhathazeka ngaphakathi komkhakha we-e-bike. I-Electric Bike Report iphakamisa ukuthi lezi ntuthuko zingase zandise imikhawulo yemiklamo ekhona ye-e-bike ukuze ihehe izethameli zabagibeli abavamile nabathanda ukusebenza ngokufanayo.
Amamodeli ahola phambili: abashayeli bemakethe ye-e-bike
Abahlali basemadolobheni bangabalandeli bamabhayisikili e-e-uhambo lwasemadolobheni ngoba benza ibhalansi enhle phakathi kokufaneleka kwesabelomali nokusebenza kahle. Banikeza amandla anele okubhekana nokugibela kwansuku zonke ngaphandle kobunzima bokushajwa kabusha, ngenxa yamabhethri abo angu-400–500Wh. Ibanga lazo elihloniphekile, amafreyimu angasindi, kanye nokuthathwa okusheshayo kuzenza zilungele ukuhamba ezindaweni zasemadolobheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idizayini yala mamodeli ecwebile futhi ecwebezelayo ithandwa kakhulu abantu basemadolobheni njengoba ekwazi ukungena kalula ezindaweni zokuhlala ezincane kanye nezindawo zokugcina amabhayisikili. Isibonelo, amasistimu e-Boschs mid-drive ahlinzeka ngosizo lwe-pedal oluhlangana kahle nokuhamba kokunyakaza kwemvelo kwebhayisikili, okuhlinzeka abagibeli ukulawula okuthuthukisiwe nokusebenza kahle lapho behamba phakathi kwethrafikhi yasemadolobheni yokuma nokuhamba. Njengoba kubikwe Umbiko Webhayisikili Kagesi, ukubekwa kwamashubhu aphansi kwamabhethri kuqinisekisa isikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuzinza, ikakhulukazi lapho uzulazula emajikeni abukhali noma emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni enamabhampa.
Amabhayisikili e-E anamakhono athuthukisiwe afana namabhayisikili e-entaba noma i-trekking aphakamisa ulwazi lwabahloli nabagibeli bebanga elide. Afakwe amabhethri angu-700Wh+, lawa mabhayisikili amboza amabanga angaphezu kwamamayela angu-60-100 kalula, awenza abangane abahle bohambo lwangaphandle kanye nezindawo ezifunwa kakhulu. I-Stormers ST5 nezinye izinhlobo ze-top-tier ezifanayo zishintshe imboni ngokunikeza ibanga elingafika kumamayela angu-160 ngeshaji eyodwa. Lawa ma-e-bikes ajwayele ukuba namaphakethe ebhethri amakhulu, abekwe ngemuva ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla, okungase kube nomthelela ebhalansi yebhayisikili ngenxa yesisindo esengeziwe. Noma kunjalo, izinkampani ezifana ne-Stromer ne-Giant zigxile ekulungiseni ukwakheka ukuze kugcinwe ukuzinza nokuletha uhambo oluhle naphezu kwesisindo somthombo wamandla esikhuphukile.
Ukubekwa kwebhethri kuyisihluthulelo sendlela ibhayisikili eliphatha ngayo futhi lihlale lilinganiselwe. Amabhethri eshubhu aphansi ngezansi asabalalisa isisindo phakathi nendawo ukuze azinze nokulawula, okuwenza abe yinketho ekhethwayo yamabhayisikili asedolobheni noma angekho emgwaqeni. Amabhethri athwalayo ngemuva avamise ukuba kumamodeli asebenza kahle kakhulu adinga isikhala esengeziwe samabhethri amakhulu. Lokhu kusetha kunikeza ububanzi obubanzi kodwa kungase kwenze ingemuva libe nzima futhi kuthinte ukuhambahamba endaweni ekhohlisayo. U-MX Moto uveze ukuthi u-Shimano no-Bosch basebenzela ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bokusabalalisa isisindo emikhiqizweni yabo ukuze baqinisekise okuhlangenwe nakho kokugibela okulawulwayo ngisho nangamabhethri anyusiwe.
Izinkampani ezinkulu ezifana neBosch, Shimano, nePanasonic ziphushela imboni phambili ngobuchwepheshe bebhethri obukhaliphile obuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokwaneliseka komsebenzisi. Ukufaka izici ezifana nokulandelela i-GPS, ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo lokusebenza, nokuxilongwa kwesikhathi sangempela kwenza abagibeli balandelele isimo sebhethri futhi bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo lokugibela. Njengoba kushiwo ngu-Uway, lezi ntuthuko zithuthukisa ukusebenza futhi zenza ama-e-bikes asebenziseke kalula futhi afinyeleleke kubagibeli abavamile nabashisekeli. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuzizwisa okushelelayo kwabagibeli abavamile nabahamba ngamabhayisikili abagxile ekusebenzeni.
Isiphetho
Ukuthuthuka kwebhethri le-E-bike kuthuthukisa imakethe, ngokuyinhloko kugxile kumabhethri e-lithium-ion nezinketho ezizayo ezifana nebhethri ye-solid-state kanye ne-lithium-iron-phosphate. Bavula indlela yokwenyuka kwamabanga amade, izikhathi zokushaja ngokushesha, namazinga okuphepha aphakeme, okukhuthaza ukwamukelwa kwamabhayisikili e-e kubagibeli basemadolobheni nezinjongo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukufakwa okukhulayo kwemisebenzi ehlakaniphile kanye nokucwengwa kokuma kwebhethri nakho kuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka komsebenzisi nokusebenza kahle kwamabhayisikili e-e. Ohulumeni emhlabeni wonke basekela ezokuthutha ezivumelana nemvelo kuyilapho abakhiqizi bephusha imingcele yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe bebhethri. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kubeka inkundla yekusasa elithembisayo lokukhula kanye nokuqanjwa okusha ngaphakathi kwemboni ye-e-bike eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.
