Ngokusebenzisa indlela entsha esekelwe ku-Decoupled Net Present Value (DNPV), ithimba lokucwaninga laseJalimane lithole ukuthi izinhlelo zokuhlala ze-photovoltaic zazingasebenzi ngokwezomnotho ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi zemakethe ekuqaleni kuka-2023. Nakuba amanani amamojula aphansi athuthukise kakhulu inzuzo yesistimu ezinyangeni zamuva, izici ezimbalwa ezithonya ezishintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zingase zibe nomthelela emalini engenayo.
Isithombe: Benjamin Jopen, Unsplash
Abacwaningi abavela ku-Hochschule RheinMain yaseJalimane benze ucwaningo lokuhlola ukusebenza kwezomnotho kwezinhlelo ze-PV zokuhlala ezimweni zamanje zemakethe yaseJalimane futhi bathole ukuthi ukwenza inzuzo kuba yinselele ngaphansi kwezimo eziningi.
"Isizathu esikhulu socwaningo ukuthi ucwaningo lwangaphambilini mayelana nokusebenza komnotho kwezinhlelo ze-PV zokuhlala luthande ukungabaza ngokwezezimali," kusho umlobi oholayo wocwaningo, uCarlo Kraemer, etshela. pv umagazini. “Isibonelo, indlela ye-Traditional Network Velue (NPV) ivame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ngaphandle kokunqunywa okufanele kwezilinganiso zesaphulelo ezishintshwe ubungozi. Ngakho-ke, ubungozi abubanjwanga ngendlela efanele ekuhlolweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela ye-NPV inobuthakathaka obuyisisekelo bendlela yokusebenza.”
Ososayensi bamukele indlela ye-Decoupled Net Present Value (DNPV), abathi inika amandla ukulinganisa kwe-PV investimenti ngokuzidla ngokucabangela ubungozi obukhona. “Ngale ndlela, le ndlela ayisekeli nje kuphela abatshalizimali ekuhlaziyeni okulungile kokutshalwa kwezimali komuntu ngamunye kodwa futhi ingasiza abenzi benqubomgomo ukuthi bathuthukise izindlela eziphusile zenqubomgomo yamandla, bazi imithelela yezinyathelo kubatshalizimali ngabanye,” kuchaza uKraemer.
Ocwaningweni "Ukusebenzisa i-DNPV ukucacisa ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho kwezinhlelo zokuhlala ze-photovoltaic eJalimane: Ingabe utshalomali lusafaneleka?," olusanda kushicilelwa ku- Amandla avuselelekayo, izifundiswa zachaza ukuthi indlela ye-DNPV ehlongozwayo ihlanganisa ubuningi kanye nenani lentengo ngokuhlelekile futhi ithwebula ingozi yentengo kagesi ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhetha intengo.
Bethule isibonelo socwaningo lwesistimu engu-10 kW efakwe e-Frankfurt ene-engeli engu-30 degree tilt ne-0 degrees azimuth. Amalungu afanayo akhokhelwa ngokujova amandla anqwabelene kugridi. Bacabange ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okungu-€1,737 ($1,874)/kW, izindleko zokunakekela nezomshwalense, kanye nezindleko zokushintshwa kwengxenye. Intengo yamandla icatshangwe ukuthi ingu-€0.39/kWh kanti intela yokuphakelayo yayingu-0.082 €/kWh
Ukugeleza kwemali kulungiswa ngamaphrimiyamu okwenziwa komshwalensi ukuze kukhawulwe ubungozi bese kwehliswa kusetshenziswa isilinganiso esingenabungozi, ngokuya ngamazinga e-DNPV. Uhlelo lwe-PV kwacatshangwa ukuthi lunesabelo sokuzithengela sona esingu-16%.
"Umqondo oyisisekelo wendlela ye-DNPV uwukubamba ubungozi bokugeleza kwemali ngendlela yamaphrimiyamu ezingozi zokwenziwa (okungukuthi, izindleko zobungozi)," kuchaza abacwaningi. "Lokhu kwehlisa ubungozi ngokucutshungulwa kwenani lesikhathi semali futhi, ngemuva kokunciphisa izindleko zobungozi, ukuphuma kwemali okuwumphumela kungancishiswa ngenani elingenabungozi."
Ukuhlaziywa kubonise ukuthi uhlelo lwe-10 kW luzuze i-DNPV engeyinhle -€1,664.
"Lokhu kukhombisa isimo ekuqaleni kuka-2023," kusho uKraemers. “Kukhombisa ukuthi uhlelo lwe-PV olujwayelekile lwezindlu zokuhlala aluzange lube nenzuzo kwezomnotho ngaleso sikhathi, naphezu kwamanani entengo kagesi aphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokutshala imali. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luphinde lubonise ukuthi inzuzo incike ezintweni eziningi ezinethonya ezingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izindleko zokutshala izimali, amanani kagesi kanye nokuntengantenga kodwa nobukhulu besistimu uma kuqhathaniswa nokusebenzisa kwakho ugesi.”
NgokukaKraemer, inzuzo isivele ibuyiselwe kancane, njengoba izindleko zokutshala zehle kakhulu unyaka wonke odlule. Noma kunjalo, inzuzo isancike kuxhaso lukahulumeni ngentela yokuphakelayo. "Ngalokhu kungemuva, kubalulekile ukuthi ukuchitshiyelwa kwe-EEG ngo-2025 okuhlelwe nguhulumeni waseJalimane kuklanywe ngokuqapha ukuze kungabeki engcupheni inzuzo ebuyisiwe futhi," wengeza. “Izingxoxo zamanje kwesinye isikhathi zinikeza isithombe sokuthi osopolitiki bacabanga ukuthi inzuzo yezomnotho itholakala kuphela ngamanani aphezulu kagesi, okuyinto engekho. Ngakho-ke, uma singafuni ukufaka engcupheni ukunwetshwa kwePV okuhamba kahle eJalimane, kufanele kwenziwe ukulungisa ngokucophelela lapha.”
UKraemer ubuye wavuma ukuthi izitatimende zenzuzo yezinhlelo ezincane azikwazi ukwenziwa jikelele. "Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, inzuzo isivele ikhuphuke eJalimane ngenxa yokuwa kwezindleko zokutshala izimali," wagcizelela. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqhubeka kwezomnotho kuncike emikhakheni eyahlukene eqondene nesifunda. Ngaphandle kwezindleko zokutshala izimali kanye namanani kagesi aseshiwo ngenhla, isivuno sesimiso sincike esifundeni futhi sinethonya elikhulu kunani lezomnotho. Ngakho-ke, yonke le mingcele kufanele ifakwe ekuhlolweni bese iletha umphumela ngamunye.”
UKraemer uthatha ngokuthi ukuntengantenga ngeke kwehle kakhulu esikhathini eside futhi uthi isimo samanje singase sibe sibi kakhulu uma ohulumeni behlisa uxhaso lombuso lwezinhlelo ze-PV ngokuzisebenzisa ngaphandle kokucabangela umthelela wezezimali. “Umbono ojwayelekile wokuthi lezi zinhlelo kumele zibe namandla kwezomnotho ngezikhathi zamanani aphezulu kagesi awulungile,” ephetha. "Kumelwe kuthathwe umbono ohluke kakhulu futhi kufanele kuqashelwe lapho kulungiswa uxhaso lukahulumeni."
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