Kwabaningi, inkathi yokuvakasha iyisikhathi esikahle sokususa amaphasipoti abo asenesikhathi eside engasetshenziswa futhi bajikeleze imbulunga yonke. Lesi sikhathi esiphezulu sokuthi abantu bawasebenzise ngokugcwele amalungelo abawanikezwa amaphasipoti abo ngempela sifana kakhulu nendlela imikhiqizo engena emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe edinga ngayo Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana (CoC).
Ngaphandle kwe-CoC, imikhiqizo ingase ibhajwe emngceleni, ingakwazi ukuqhubeka—okufana kakhulu nokuthi umhambi uzomiswa kanjani ngaphandle kwepasipoti efanele. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole incazelo nezingxenye ezibalulekile zesitifiketi sokuvumelana, izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyinhloko, kanye nezinzuzo.
Okuqukethwe
Isingeniso Sesitifiketi Sokuvumelana
Izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezidingo
Izicelo nemithelela yesitifiketi sokuvumelana
Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela
Isingeniso Sesitifiketi Sokuvumelana
Isitifiketi Sokuhambisana (CoC), esibuye sibizwe ngokuthi 'Isitifiketi Sokuthobela' noma 'Isitifiketi Sokuhambisana,' siyidokhumenti yesitifiketi eqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile. Ivamise ukukhishwa umkhiqizi, ukungenisa ezweni, ilabhorethri ezimele egunyaziwe, noma isiphathimandla sokuqinisekisa esivela eceleni, ngokuyisisekelo noma iyiphi inhlangano egunyaziwe ekwaziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uthobela imithetho edingekayo, ukuphepha, nezimo zobuchwepheshe.
I-CoC idokhumenti ebalulekile yokungenisa izimpahla, nakuba idokhumenti eyisibopho noma cha ingahluka. Ngokuya ngesifunda kanye nohlobo lomkhiqizo, ungaba ngokuzithandela noma ube yimpoqo. Esimeni lapho yenziwe idokhumenti eyisibopho, izimfuneko ezithile ze-CoC ziyahlukahluka kuye ngamazwe nomkhiqizo ngomkhiqizo, okusho ukuthi asikho isitifiketi esisodwa, esisebenza emhlabeni wonke esifaka wonke amazwe nemikhiqizo.
Ezifundeni noma emazweni lapho Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana siyisidingo esiyimpoqo, i-CoC kufanele ihanjiswe futhi igunyazwe ngaphambi kokuba imikhiqizo okukhulunywa ngayo ingene emakethe, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihambisana nekhwalithi namazinga adingekayo. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-CoC abalulekile njengezidingo zomthetho noma njengesilinganiso sokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi esicelwe abathengi.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile kanye nezidingo
Noma kusobala ukuthi amazwe ahlukene anohlu lwawo lwezingxenye ezibalulekile nezimfuneko zesitifiketi sokuvumelana, okulandelayo ngezinye zezidingo ezijwayelekile kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile ezisebenza ezifundeni ezahlukene:
I) Ukuhlonza umkhiqizo/izincazelo
Okokuqala nokubalulekile, Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana kufanele kuhlu ngokucacile incazelo yomkhiqizo enemininingwane, okufanele ifake inombolo yemodeli, inombolo yomkhiqizo, neminye imininingwane ehlobene. Le mininingwane yomkhiqizo ebanzi ibalulekile ngezinjongo zokuhlonza umkhiqizo futhi yonke imininingwane kufanele ihambisane nomkhiqizo nesitifiketi ngokufanele.
II) Ukuhlonza ongenisa ngaphandle noma umkhiqizi
Ngaphandle kokuhlonza umkhiqizo, ukuhlonza ongenisa ngaphandle noma umkhiqizi kubaluleke ngokufanayo ekucaciseni igama, ikheli, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana yenkampani. Isidingo esiqondile, nokho, singahluka kuye ngezwe noma isifunda. Isibonelo, i-EU ivumela imininingwane yokuxhumana yommeli ogunyaziwe womkhiqizi ukuthi ifakwe ku Isimemezelo Sokuvumelana (DoC), okuyidokhumenti elinganayo neSitifiketi Sokuvumelana.
III) Ulwazi lwenqubo yokuhlola
Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana kufanele futhi sifake ulwazi olufanele lokuhlola ukuze sibonise ukuvumelana okudingekile. Kufanele inikeze imininingwane yenqubo yokuhlola, okuhlanganisa izinsuku, izindawo, nemininingwane yokuxhumana yebhizinisi elihlolayo, njengelabhorethri yokuhlola yenkampani yangaphandle noma ibhizinisi elihilelekile. Ezinye izidingo ze-CoC nazo zidinga ukufakwa kwemininingwane yokuxhumana yomuntu onesibopho sokugcina amarekhodi emiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Isitifiketi Esijwayelekile Sokuvumelana e-United States idinga lokhu, kuyilapho i-EU's DoC iphinde igunyaze ukufakwa kwemiphumela yokuhlolwa eqediwe imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe ehlobene.
IV) Amazinga nemithethonqubo esebenzayo
I-CoC kufanele futhi ifake wonke amazinga asebenzayo kanye nokucaciswa okutholwe yizimpahla, njengesitifiketi se-ISO noma se-CE ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa okunembayo kwemithetho nezindinganiso zokuphepha ezifanele. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu njengoba ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho nezindinganiso ezifanele kungaholela ekuboshweni komkhiqizo emasikweni, noma ekulahlekeni kwengozi noma ngisho nokubuyiselwa emuva.
V) Usuku nendawo yokukhiqiza
Ngaphandle kwemininingwane yokuxhumana yabakhiqizi, Kubalulekile ngokulinganayo ukufaka usuku lokukhiqiza kanye nekheli lesikhungo sokukhiqiza, okuhlanganisa idolobha nezwe. Lezi izingcezu zolwazi olubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba sobala nokulandeleka, kokubili okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthobelana.
VI) Isayinwe ngumuntu ogunyaziwe
Ezinye iziphathimandla, ezifana ne-DoC ye-EU, zidinga umuntu ogunyaziwe ukuthi asayine i-CoC ukuze amemezele ukuthi umkhiqizo uthobela wonke amazinga e-EU afanelekile. Ukuvumela okunjalo okusemthethweni kubalulekile ekuziphenduleleni kuyo yonke inethiwekhi ye-supply chain.
VII) Ukugcinwa kwamarekhodi
Amanye amazwe aphinde acacise isikhathi esincane sokugcinwa kwamarekhodi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile ze-CoC, esichaza ukuthi wonke amarekhodi afanelekile kufanele agcinwe isikhathi esingakanani umkhiqizi noma ongenisa impahla ngaphandle. Isibonelo, ngokuhambisana nesimiso semikhawulo yokumangalela ngezinhlawulo zomphakathi e-United States, Isitifiketi Sokuthobelana e-US sidinga abakhiqizi nabangenisayo ukuthi bagcine amarekhodi e-CoC kanye nemibhalo ehlobene okungenani iminyaka emihlanu.
Izicelo nemithelela yesitifiketi sokuvumelana
Umehluko wesifunda/wezwe ezidingweni
Njengoba izindawo ezihlukene zokulawula zingabeka izidingo ezihlukene zama-CoC ahlukene, kuye ngamazwe nezifunda ezihilelekile, umkhiqizo owodwa ungase ugcine unezinguqulo eziningi zama-CoC.
I-EU, i-USA, kanye ne-Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) baphakathi kwezinye zezifunda namazwe enza i-CoC ibe idokhumenti eyimpoqo lapho ingenisa izimpahla ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi leyo mikhiqizo ihambisana nekhwalithi ethile kanye namazinga okuphepha adingwa yizindawo zawo. Isibonelo, ama-electronics abathengi athengiswa ngaphakathi kwe-European Economic Area (EEA) kufanele abe ne Ukumakwa kwe-Conformité Européenne (CE) ukuze uqinisekise ukuthobela iziqondiso ze-EU.
Izidingo zesitifiketi ezisuselwe kumvelo yomkhiqizo
Ngaleso sikhathi, i-CoC nayo ingadingeka kuphela lapho ungenisa imikhiqizo ethile. Isibonelo, emakethe yase-US, i Imithetho ye-GCC zisebenza ngokukhethekile emikhiqizweni esetshenziswa okuvamile. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izinto ezinjengomatilasi namabhayisikili, konke okufanele kuhambisane nemithetho esebenzayo yokuphepha komkhiqizo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ungenisa imikhiqizo engcuphe kakhulu noma ebucayi njengezimoto, abathengi bavame ukucela i-CoC. Ngokwemvelo, le mikhiqizo ebucayi iza nokuhlolwa okuqinile kokuthobela kanye nokwehluka okubalulekile kwesifunda. Isibonelo, izidingo ze-CoC zezimoto ezisemgwaqweni USA futhi Japan zingahluka kakhulu. Ukwehluka okunjalo kuphinde kugcizelele ukubaluleka kokuqonda imithetho yendawo ukuze kugwenywe ukubambezeleka okungaba khona kanye nokuphazamiseka ekukhishweni kwemvume yokungenisa ezweni.
Ukuvikela abathengi kanye nokwakha ukwethembana
Sekukonke, lapho abangenisi beqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla zihlangabezana nekhwalithi edingekayo kanye namazinga okuphepha emakethe eqondiwe nge-CoC, bavikela abathengi ngokungaqondile kuyilapho futhi besiza ekusunguleni nasekuthuthukiseni ukwethembana phakathi kwabakhiqizi namakhasimende.
Ngokuyisisekelo, i-CoC isiza ukuthuthukisa ukuzethemba kwamakhasimende futhi iqinise ukwethembeka komkhiqizo, igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwabathengi njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuthobela i-CoC, ikakhulukazi emikhiqizweni ethunyelwa ezimakethe ezilawulwayo njenge-USA ne-EU.
Ukwehluleka ukuthobela imithetho nemiphumela yako
Ngazo zonke izivivinyo ezidingekayo kanye nemibhalo ehilelekile, inqubo yokuthola i-CoC eyimpoqo ingaba yinde futhi ibe yinkimbinkimbi. Ubunkimbinkimbi obunjalo buvamise ukuphumela esimeni sezimali, ikakhulukazi uma ongenisa impahla ngaphandle noma umkhiqizi ehluleka ukuhambisa i-CoC evumelekile noma lapho ehluleka ukuthobela izidingo ezithile ezithile, njengokucaciswa kolimi.
Esimeni esibi kakhulu, umkhiqizo ungase uphucwe amasiko, ukhokhe inhlawulo, noma ube ngaphansi kokubuyiselwa emuva ngenxa yokungathobeli ukuphepha okudingekayo noma izindinganiso zokulawula. Ekugcineni, amabhizinisi kufanele abone ukuthi ukungakwazi ukwethula i-CoC evumelekile kungaholela ezikweletini ezinzima zezezimali nezomthetho.
Isiqinisekiso sokuthobela
Isitifiketi Sokuvumelana (CoC) siqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nekhwalithi edingekayo kanye nezinga uma usuphumelele kukho konke ukuhlolwa okudingekayo. Amazwe ahlukene nezifunda zingabeka izidingo ezihlukene ze-CoC, nakuba i-CoC ingeyona imfuneko eyimpoqo kuwo wonke amazwe. Ngokuvamile, i-CoC kufanele ifake izincazelo ezinemininingwane yomkhiqizo, imininingwane yokuxhumana yomuntu ongenisa ngaphandle noma umkhiqizi, kanye nemininingwane emayelana nenqubo yokuhlola, njengendawo, usuku, kanye nemininingwane yokuxhumana yenhlangano ehlolayo emhlabeni wonke.
Izidingo zokulawula zesifunda noma zikazwelonke kanye nemvelo yomkhiqizo kunethonya elikhulu endleleni i-CoC esetshenziswa ngayo ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuvamile, isebenza njengedokhumenti yokuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho, efaka ukwethenjwa kubathengi namabhizinisi mayelana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuyilapho futhi ibavikela ezimpahleni ezisezingeni eliphansi.
