I-China ibe ngumholi wemboni iminyaka eminingi ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, engabizi kakhulu. Sekushiwo lokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli akuhlukile. Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamukele amandla eChina kukho kokubili izinga kanye nezindleko.
Qhubeka ufunda ukuze ufunde konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo yamaloli ayi-10 e-China.
Okuqukethwe
I-Sinotruk
Foton Auman
Iloli ye-FAW
I-Shaanxi Auto Heavy Truck
Iloli ye-JAC
Iloli le-Dongfeng
Imoto Enzima Ye-JMC
SAIC-IVECO Hongyan
Hualing Xingma
Amaloli e-XCMG
Isiphetho
I-Sinotruk
Okokuqala ohlwini yi-National Heavy Duty Truck Group (CNHTC), inkampani yamaloli kahulumeni. Yahlanganiswa ngo-31st January 2007 e-Hongkong njenge-Sinotruk Hongkong Limited, inkampani ebambe iqhaza emaphakathi ye-CNHTC. I-Sinotruk ikomkhulu layo eJinan, esifundazweni saseShandong.
Ngo 1960, I-Sinotruk waba ngumkhiqizi wokuqala wamaloli asindayo waseShayina. Futhi ngo-1983, inkampani yabambisana ne-Austria ukwethula iloli elisindayo le-STEYR. Ukwethulwa kwe-STEYR kwaba impumelelo eyingqophamlando njengobuchwepheshe bokuqala base-China bamaloli athwala kanzima.
Foton Auman
izithombe yasungulwa zingama-28 kuNcwaba 1996 futhi izinze eBeijing, eChina. Isohlwini lwe-Shanghai Stock Exchange futhi iqukethe ubunikazi obuxubile kanye nebhizinisi eliphethwe nguhulumeni. Le nkampani inempahla efinyelela ku-US$ 10 billion kanye nabasebenzi abaqinile abangama-40,000.
Ngo-2012, iFoton ibambisene nayo Inkampani Daimler Automotive Co., Ltd. ngesivumelwano se-50/50 lapho laba bakamuva bathola ukuvuma ukubamba iqhaza kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amaloli asindayo nasebenza kalula. Ngo-2016, iFoton yethula amaloli ayo okuqala anesisindo esinzima ahlangabezana nezindinganiso zaseYurophu futhi yathembisa imishini engcono kakhulu esikhathini esizayo.
Iloli ye-FAW
Ukubhidlika kwezakhiwo zayo zokuqala kwaba mhla ziyi-15 kuJulayi 1953. Eyaziwa ngokuthi I-First Automotive Works (FAW), yasungulwa ngosizo lwe-USSR yangaphambili, eyanikeza i-80% yemishini yokukhiqiza. Njengamanje, yaziwa ngokuthi yi-China FAW Group Co., Ltd. futhi izinze e-Changchun, e-China.
I-FAW ibambisene neVolkswagen AG ngo-1991 ukuze kusungulwe indawo esezingeni eliphezulu ukukhiqiza amayunithi ayi-150,000 ngonyaka. Kamuva, i-FAW yasebenzisana neToyota ngo-2004, futhi inkampani yakhiqiza amayunithi angaphezu kwesigidi ngaphezu kwanoma iyiphi enye inkampani yezimoto ezweni.
I-FAW Group ingeyesibili ngobukhulu phakathi kwabakhiqizi abane abakhulu bezimoto ezingaphansi kukahulumeni. Ngo-2021, izindleko zokusebenza zeQembu zafinyelela ku-RMB 707 billion (cishe. US$ 99 billion), okwesibili phakathi kwezinkampani zokukhiqiza zaseShayina. Ukukhiqizwa kweyunithi yezimoto zesifundazwe kufinyelele ezigidini ezi-2.24 zamayunithi, abemele u-72.4% wesamba semali ekhiqiziwe futhi bebiza ama-RMB 455.1 billion (cishe ama-US$ 64 billion).
I-Shaanxi Auto Heavy Truck
I-Shaanxi Auto Heavy Truck ingomunye wabakhiqizi bamaloli abakhulu eChina. Ihhovisi layo eliyinhloko lise-Xi'an, esifundazweni saseShaanxi, futhi lenza i-chassis yamabhasi namaloli athwala kanzima naphakathi nendawo asebenzisa U-STEYR no-MAN SE ubuchwepheshe.
IShaanxi yasungulwa ngo-1968 futhi njengamanje inabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-32,000 kanye nesisekelo sempahla sika-US$ 5.25 billion. Ibhizinisi liphinde likhiqize amaloli ezempi, anesisindo esinzima, aphakathi nendawo nalula.
Iphothifoliyo yokuthekelisa yeQembu ihlanganisa amazwe angama-90 e-Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, naseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia. Izingxenye eziyisipele zezimoto zayo zifinyeleleka emazweni amaningi emhlabeni.
Iloli ye-JAC
Lo mkhiqizi wamaloli wasungulwa ngomhla zingama-20 kuNhlaba 1964 eDolobheni laseHefei, eSifundazweni sase-Anhui, eChina, ngenhloso yokukhiqiza amaloli athwala kanzima. I-Jianghuai Automobile Co. Ltd (JAC) yafakwa ohlwini lwe-Shanghai Stock Exchange ngo-2001.
Ikleliswe phakathi kwemikhiqizo ehamba phambili eyi-10 eChina futhi inamandla okukhiqiza amayunithi angama-520,000 ngonyaka. Ibhizinisi likhiqiza amaloli asindayo, aphakathi nendawo, nalula, chassis yamabhasi, ama-SUV, nama-sedans.
Ngo-2021, inkampani yashaya i-RMB 35.5 billion (ilinganiselwa ku-US$ 5 billion) yemali engenayo enendawo emazweni ayi-130 kanye nesamba semakethe esingu-RMB 33.7 billion (cishe ama-US$ 4,8 billion). Ngaphandle kwamaloli okukhiqiza, ibhizinisi liphinde lisebenze ngezinto zikagesi nezemishini nezimoto zikagesi.
Iloli le-Dongfeng
Dongfeng ingeyesithathu ngobukhulu kwabakhiqizi bezimoto ezine ezinkulu ezingaphansi kukahulumeni eChina. Ibhizinisi lasungulwa okokuqala njenge-Second Auto Works (SAW) ngomhla zingama-28 kuSepthemba 1969 edolobheni laseShiyan, esifundazweni saseHubei. Kamuva yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Dongfeng Motor.
I-Dongfeng ingakhiqiza amayunithi angama-200,000 ngonyaka. Amayunithi ahlanganisa amaloli asindayo naphakathi kanye namabhasi angu-28,000. Ezinye izimoto zayo zihlanganisa ama-sedans, ama-SUV, ama-Mini-CVs, amaMPV, kanye nezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi nezegesi yemvelo.
Ngo-2015, i-Volvo yaqeda ukuthatha ama-45% e-Dongfeng ngemva kokugunyazwa yi-Chinese Competition Authority, phakathi kwezinye izimo. Ngokubambisana okunjalo, ibhizinisi likhulile, futhi ngo-2021, isitatimende semali engenayo ye-Dongfeng Motor saqopha imali engenayo eyisamba se-RMB. 113 billion (cishe. US$ 15.9 billion).
Imoto Enzima Ye-JMC
Le nkampani yamaloli yaseChina ingaphansi kweVolvo Trucks. I-JMC yaqala ukusebenza ngaphansi kwegama elithi Taiyuan Hangan Heavy Truck, eyasungulwa ngo-2007. Ngemva kokulahlekelwa iyunithi eyayihlosiwe, yaphinde yasungulwa njenge-JMC Heavy Duty Vehicle (JMCH) futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2013.
Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, ike yathathwa kaningi kwaze kwaba ngu-2021, lapho iVolvo ithola i-JMCH ngemali elinganiselwa ku-$109 million. AbakwaVolvo bahlela ukwethula izinhlobo zabo zamaloli i-FH, FM, kanye ne-FMX eChina ekupheleni kuka-2022.
SAIC-IVECO Hongyan
SAIC-IVECO Hongyan (SIH) ukusebenzisana kwe-SAIC, IVECO, kanye ne-Chongqing Hongyan okwehlehlela emuva ku-1965. Isivumelwano sasayinwa mhla ziyi-18 kuMandulo 2006 futhi saphothulwa mhla ziyi-15 kuJuni 2007, sasungula ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwano.
I-SIH ilethe ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa umenzi wamaloli wase-Italy i-IVECO futhi yabuhlanganisa ne-R&D ye-Chongqing Hongyan. Ubambiswano lwakhiqiza iloli elisindayo iGenlyon ngo-2009, iKingkan ngo-2011, kanye neGentruck ngo-2015.
I-SAIC-IVECO Hongyan inezinsiza eSifundazweni Esisha saseLianjiang ngesitshalo esifanekiselwa isitshalo se-IVECO eMadrid. Lesi sikhungo singakhiqiza izimoto ezingama-80,000 ngonyaka.
Hualing Xingma
I-Hualing Xingma yasuka ekukhiqizeni i-Ma'anshan ngo-1970. Isebenzisa i- I-CAMC ibheji lokumaketha phesheya. Njengamanje, i-Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group ibambe iqhaza elikhulu enkampanini.
I-Moreso, i-Hualing Xingma isebenza ngaphansi kwe-Hanma Technology Group Co., Ltd. futhi izinze e-Ma'anshan Anhui, e-China. I-Hualing igxile ekwenzeni izimoto ezinenhloso ekhethekile, i-chassis yamakhadi asindayo, nezingxenye ezibalulekile.
Imboni enkulu yokuhlanganisa yenkampani ingakhiqiza amaloli asindayo angu-100,000 kanye nezimoto ezikhethekile ezingu-50,000 ngonyaka. Ukuqokwa kwe-CAMC kuthunyelwa empumalanga yeYurophu, eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, eNingizimu Melika, naseNyakatho Afrika.
Amaloli e-XCMG
Iqembu le-XCMG yasungulwa ngo-1989 ngochwepheshe bemishini yokwakha. Le nkampani inzima emishinini ehambisa umhlaba njengama-excavators, ama-loaders, nama-cranes, kodwa inengalo yamaloli athwala kanzima. Njengamanje, ibambe irekhodi lokwakha iloli elikhulu lezimayini elidonsa ngamasondo angempela.
Ngo-2021, inkampani yabika imali yokusebenza engama-dollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-13.2, ukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngo-14%, kanye nenzuzo yonke yama-US $ 879 wezigidi. I-XCMG iyaqhubeka nokugcina ukukhethekile kwayo kokukhiqiza izimoto ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, ngo-2021, imishini yayo yokuphakamisa yabekwa endaweni yokuqala emhlabeni jikelele.
Isiphetho
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaloli e-China kukhula ngokugxumela nasemngceleni. Ukukhula kungenxa yokuthi amabhrendi ase-Europe asunguliwe angena emakethe yaseShayina ngokuhlongoza kanye nokusebenzisana nezinkampani zasendaweni.
Lezi zinkampani zamaloli zaseChina zizokhula, kanti ezinye zizokwakhiwa. Njengoba inani labantu baseShayina linikeza imakethe enkulu, enenzuzo enkulu, imikhiqizo esungulwe eYurophu kanye nomhlaba wonke ngeke ukwazi ukuziba.
Vakashela Chovm.com ukuze uthole okwengeziwe mayelana nemikhiqizo yamaloli.
