Ngokufika kobuchwepheshe, ukushayela kuba ngobuhlakani futhi kuphephe kakhulu kunangaphambili. Kodwa enye indawo esakwazi ukukhubeka ngisho nabashayeli abanolwazi olunzulu ngeyabo indawo engaboni. Ngokwezibalo zeNational Highway Safety Administration, ngaphezulu Izingozi ezingama-800,000 zenzeka minyaka yonke e-US ngenxa yezindawo eziyimpumputhe.
Ama-blind spot izindawo ezingabonakali uma umshayeli ezibuka esebenzisa izibuko zodwa. Abangelwa yi-A-pillar, okuyinsika phakathi kwewindi langaphambili nefasitela elisemaceleni, kanye nanoma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka lapho umshayeli ebona khona. Kodwa kuthiwani uma bekukhona indlela yokuqeda izindawo eziyimpumputhe?
Hhayi-ke, sinezindaba ezinhle: zikhona! Futhi kuthiwa I-Blind Spot Detection System (BSD). Kepha luyini uhlelo lwe-BSD? Isebenza kanjani? Yiziphi izinhlobo ezahlukene ezitholakalayo? Futhi yiziphi izici okufanele abathengi bazibheke lapho bekhetha amamodeli ahambisanayo? Qhubeka ufunda lesi sihloko ukuze uthole izimpendulo zayo yonke le mibuzo.
Okuqukethwe
Luyini uhlelo lwe-BSD?
Kungani kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lwe-BSD ezimotweni?
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlelo ze-BSD okufanele wazi ngazo
Izinto ezi-5 okufanele uzibheke ohlelweni lokubona indawo eyimpumputhe
Amasistimu e-BSD okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela okungenazinkathazo
Luyini uhlelo lwe-BSD?
Isistimu yokubona indawo eyizimpumputhe, noma i-BSD ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe bezimoto obusebenzisa izinzwa nezitholi ukuze zigade imizila eseduze yethrafikhi, kanye nephrosesa ukuze itolike ulwazi olutholwe kuzinzwa. Isistimu ibe ixwayisa umshayeli ngezingozi ezingaba khona ngokunikeza ama-alamu abonakalayo, alalelwayo, ngisho nama-haptic. Lokhu kwenza abashayeli bazi ngendawo ebazungezile futhi kuvimbela izingozi ukuthi zenzeke.
Inhloso eyinhloko yohlelo lwe-BSD ukusiza abashayeli bagweme ukushayisa ezinye izimoto ngenkathi beshintsha imizila. Iyahlonza izimoto isondela nhlangothi zombili zemoto bese ixwayisa umshayeli ngaphambi kokushintsha umzila.
Ngaphandle kwezindawo ezingaboni ngaso linye, amasistimu anjalo kagesi angaba usizo ikakhulukazi lapho ushayela ebusuku noma emigwaqweni lapho ukubonakala kukhawulelwe khona ngenxa yesimo sezulu njengemvula noma iqhwa.
Kungani kubalulekile ukuba nohlelo lwe-BSD ezimotweni?
Inombolo yezimoto ezisebenzisa amasistimu okusiza abashayeli (ADAS) liyakhula ngesivinini esisheshayo njengoba abashayeli bebona ukubaluleka kobuchwepheshe obunjalo ekugwemeni ukushayisana. Ngaphezu kokusiza ukugcina abashayeli bephephile, amasistimu okubona indawo abayizimpumputhe nawo angenza ukushayela kube lula. Nazi ezinye zezinzuzo zabo emgwaqeni:
Ukunciphisa ingozi yezingozi
Abashayeli abaningi bayehluleka ukuhlola izindawo abangaboni ngaso linye ngaphambi kokushintsha imizila, futhi lokhu kungaholela ezingozini ezimbi. Lapha yilapho a uhlelo lokubona indawo eyimpumputhe ifika kahle—ixwayisa abashayeli ngezimoto eziqhamuka eceleni noma ngemuva.
Lokhu kusiza abashayeli bagweme izingozi futhi kugcina wonke umuntu ephephile emgwaqeni. I-Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) ithole ukuthi izinhlelo ze-BSD zinganciphisa ukuphahlazeka kokuguqulwa komugqa ngokulimala cishe ngo-23%.
Isikhathi sokuphendula esithuthukisiwe
Ucwaningo mayelana ukuziphatha kwabashayeli ezimeni eziphuthumayo ezilingisiwe bathole ukuthi isikhathi sokuphendula sikhulu kunesigamu sesekhondi kubashayeli abaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunaka okuningi kwabashayeli kugxile ekubukeni okubonakalayo kwangaphambili, okungaholela ezikhathini zokusabela ezihamba kancane lapho beshintsha imizila noma behlangana nothelawayeka.
Ubuchopho bomuntu bunesikhathi esinzima kakhulu sokucubungula okwenzekayo umbono we-peripheral, yingakho ukunaka kwethu okuningi kugxile ekubukeni okubonakalayo kwangaphambili. A i-radar anti-collision BSD uhlelo iyisixazululo esisebenzayo sale nkinga, njengoba ingaxwayisa abashayeli uma imoto noma ezinye izinto zisondela ezindaweni ezingaboni emehlweni ngamamitha angu-3, okubanika isikhathi esanele sokugwema ukushayisana.
Ukwanda kokuqwashisa abashayeli
Uhlelo lwe-BSD lukhulisa umkhakha wokubona, okwenza kube lula kubashayeli ukuthi bahlale beqaphela okwenzeka eduze kwabo. Lobu buchwepheshe buwusizo ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezinkulu, lapho ukubonakala komshayeli kungase kube nomkhawulo kanye namabala angaboniyo abe makhudlwana.
Isibonelo, i Uhlelo lwe-BSD yamaloli inikwa amandla ubuchwepheshe bakamuva be-AI futhi isebenzisa imaging ecacile ye-circadian ukuthola izimoto, abahamba ngezinyawo, nabahamba ngamabhayisikili. Lokhu kuqwashisa okwengeziwe kusiza ukuvimbela izingozi ukuthi zenzeke, kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi kubashayeli abangase bazizwe bekhathazekile ngokushayela ezindaweni ezimpintshana noma eduze kwezinto ezinkulu.
Ukuba nokuthula
Ayikho into embi njengokubhajwa esiminyaminyeni ngeloli elinengcindezi. Futhi kungenzeka kunoma ubani oshayela amabanga amade. Ngalezi zinsiza zokubuyisela emuva imoto ye-elekthronikhi efakwe emotweni, bobabili umshayeli nabagibeli bazozizwa bephephile emgwaqeni bazi ukuthi banongqimba olwengeziwe lokuvikela ezingozini ezingalindelekile noma ukuguqulwa kolayini okungazelelwe emgwaqeni.
Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezinhlelo ze-BSD okufanele wazi ngazo
Amasistimu okubona indawo eyimpumputhe angafakwa embonini ezimotweni ezintsha noma angezwe njengesici se-aftermarket. Ake sibheke umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili.
Amasistimu e-BSD afakwe efekthri
Uma kuziwa kumasistimu okubona indawo eyimpumputhe, amamodeli afakwe embonini awuhlobo oluvame kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abanjengoHonda, BMW, neToyota bazifaka njengesici esakhelwe ngaphakathi ezimotweni eziningi ezintsha, ikakhulukazi ezimotweni zikanokusho, futhi zenzelwe amamodeli athile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana nokusebenza okufanele.
Ngeshwa, lamasistimu afakwe embonini kunzima ukuwashintsha uma ephuka noma eyeka ukusebenza kahle. Futhi njengoba zakhiwe emotweni, kubiza kakhulu ukuzilungisa.
Amasistimu we-Aftermarket BSD
Akuzona zonke izimoto ezifika nezinhlelo ze-BSD ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, ezinye izimoto zidinga umnikazi wazo ukuthi afake ugesi onjalo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Amasistimu okubona indawo eyimpumputhe ye-Aftermarket awagcini nje ngokubiza kancane, kodwa angafakwa cishe kunoma iyiphi imoto—ngisho namamodeli amadala ayengahlonyiswanga ngohlelo lokusiza abashayeli.
Amasistimu e-Aftermarket BSD enziwa ukuthi asondele endaweni yonke, ngakho-ke angafakwa kalula kumamodeli amaningi wezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ziza ngendlela yekhithi, okwenza kube lula ukuzifaka ngisho nomakhenika ongenalwazi.
Izinto ezi-5 okufanele uzibheke ohlelweni lokubona indawo eyimpumputhe
Ukuthola isistimu yokubona indawo eyizimpumputhe kungasho umehluko phakathi kohambo oluphephile kanye nengozi. Isistimu yokusiza umshayeli onomsindo kufanele ibe nenembile, ithembeke, futhi kube lula ukuyifaka. Kodwa yiziphi izici okufanele abathengi bazibheke ohlelweni lokubona indawo eyimpumputhe? Lesi sigaba sizothatha abathengi bebhizinisi kukho konke abadinga ukukwazi mayelana nalawa ma-electronics ezimoto.
Ukunemba kanye nebanga lokutholwa
Uma ukhetha isistimu yokuthola indawo eyimpumputhe, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukunemba nobubanzi bokutholwa kwezinzwa. Ukunemba kubhekisela ekutheni izinzwa zinembe kangakanani ekutholeni izimoto kanye/noma izinto, kuyilapho ububanzi bokuthola bubhekisela kokuthi kude kangakanani nemoto ezingakwazi ukubona izinto ngaphambi kokucupha izinkomba eziyisixwayiso.
Izinzwa zingamehlo anoma yiluphi uhlelo lwe-BSD, ngakho zidinga ukuthi zikwazi ukubona okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka eduze kwemoto. Bangasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-radar, sonar, noma i-LiDAR. I-radar isebenzisa amagagasi kagesi, i-sonar idlulisa amaza omsindo, kanti ubuchwepheshe be-LiDAR busebenzisa ama-pulses okukhanya noma imishayo ye-laser.
Ububanzi bokutholwa buncike kakhulu ohlotsheni lwenzwa esetshenzisiwe. Izinzwa ze-radar zisebenza ebangeni elide kunezinzwa ze-sonar noma ze-lidar, nakuba zidinga isikhathi eside ukubuyisela idatha emayelana nebanga lento.
Isibonelo esihle yi- Isistimu ye-BSD ye-ultrasonic, esebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonar ne-radar ukuthola izinto ezingaphakathi kwebanga lamamitha angu-5. Noma nini lapho kutholwa into, i-alamu ye-buzzer izokhala futhi isibonisi se-LED sizokhanya ukuze umshayeli azi ukuthi kwenzakalani.
Isikhundla kanye nohlobo lwezinkomba
Lapho ukhetha uhlelo lwe-BSD, abashayeli bafuna ukuqiniseka ukuthi uhlelo lunezinkomba ezibonakala kalula, ukuzwa, nokuzizwa kalula.
Izinkomba ze-LED
Izinkomba ze-LED ziyindlela enembile kakhulu yokuxwayisa abashayeli ngezingozi ezingase zibe khona kanye nezimoto ezizayo. Ukubekwa kufanele kuvumele umshayeli ukuthi abone kalula inkomba lapho ehlezi khona. Uma inkomba iseceleni kwemoto, isibonelo, kufanele ibekwe endaweni lapho umshayeli angayibona khona ngaphandle kokuthi ajikise ikhanda kude kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo ziphuma ne-indicator ethi “time-to-collision” — lokhu kuzotshela umshayeli ukuthi imizuzwana emingaki ngaphambi kokuba imoto eqhamukayo ingene emgqeni womgwaqo noma ishayise imoto yakhe uma engayisukumeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i 77GHz Millimeter-wave BSD uhlelo ingabonisa ibanga phakathi kwemoto nento esondelayo, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ukunquma ukuthi umshayeli kufanele ehlise ijubane noma ashintshe imizila ngokushesha kangakanani.
Izinkomba ezizwakalayo
Ama-alamu azwakalayo asebenzisa amaza omsindo ukuze axwayise abashayeli ukuthi kunemoto esondela kubo. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokukhala okukhulu noma nge-chime, noma kungaba yizwi elitshela umshayeli ukuthi ashintshe imizila. Ubude nevolumu yomsindo kuzohluka kuye ngokuthi imoto iseduze kangakanani.
Izinkomba ze-Haptic
Ama-alamu we-Haptic asebenzisa uchungechunge lokudlidliza ukuze axwayise abashayeli ngokuba khona kwezimoto eziseduze. Ukudlidliza ngokuvamile kutholakala efasiteleni elisemaceleni noma ensikeni yomnyango, futhi kwenzeka uma kunemoto endaweni eyimpumputhe. Uma abashayeli bezwa ukudlidliza, kuyisikhumbuzo kubo ukuthi babheke emahlombe abo ngaphambi kokushintsha imizila.
Isexwayiso sethrafikhi engemuva
Amanye ama-BSD, njenge I-77GHz microwave radar monitoring system, faka isici esibizwa nge-rear-cross traffic alert (I-RCTA). Lesi sici sokuphepha singanciphisa ukuphahlazeka kokusekelwa kwendawo yokupaka, okwenza U-20% wezingozi zezimoto ngokweNational Safety Council.
I-RCTA isebenzisa izinzwa zerada ekhona ezinhlangothini zikabhampa ongemuva wemoto ukuze ithole izimoto, izithuthuthu, nabahamba ngezinyawo lapho behlehla bephuma endaweni yokupaka.
Ukugwema amabhuleki nokushayisana
Amasistimu e-BSD asebenza kahle kakhulu awagcini nje ngokuhlonza ezinye izimoto, kufanele asize abashayeli bagweme izingozi ngokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo amasistimu okuqondisa kanye namabhuleki. Uma kutholakala ukungqubuzana okungenzeka amasistimu okubona ukushayisana izocupha uhlelo lokubhuleka futhi ikhiye isondo ukuvimbela umshayeli ekuthatheni amajika angalungile nayingozi.
Uma uhlelo lokugwema ukushayisana lucushiwe, kungase kudideke kubashayeli abangajwayele ukuba izimoto zabo zithathwe ubuchwepheshe! Kungakho ubuchwepheshe obunjalo be-elekthronikhi buvumela abashayeli ukuthi babhale ngaphezulu lo msebenzi ngokucindezela i-brake pedal.
ukufakwa Easy
Inqubo yokufaka ingaba lula noma inkimbinkimbi, kuye ngemodeli. Ngokwesibonelo, i 24GHz BSD uhlelo inezingxenye zayo ezifakwe ngaphambili futhi idinga izintambo ezincane kuphela ukuze izixhume ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto. Ezinye zidinga izinqubo zokufaka ezijulile ngosizo lukamakhenikha ochwepheshe.
Amasistimu e-BSD afakwa kalula kufanele eze nekhithi yokufaka, ehlanganisa zonke izingxenye ezidingekayo ukuze zifakwe. Kufanele futhi babe nebhukwana lemiyalo elinikeza imiyalelo enemininingwane, yesinyathelo nesinyathelo mayelana nendlela yokufaka isistimu. Uhlelo oluhle lwe-BSD luzodinga ukufakwa okuncane futhi luzovuka lusebenze ngokushesha.
Amasistimu e-BSD okuhlangenwe nakho kokushayela okungenazinkathazo
Amasistimu okubona indawo eyimpumputhe abalulekile ukuze ube nolwazi lokushayela ngaphandle kokukhathazeka. Zingasiza abashayeli bagweme ukungena ezingozini noma ekushayisaneni komzila.
Izinhlelo ze-BSD nazo ziwusizo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abashayeli abaphuthelwa abahamba ngezinyawo, abagibeli bamabhayisikili, noma ezinye izingozi ezindaweni zabo ezingaboni lutho. Hlola amasistimu e-BSD amaningi nezinye izinto zikagesi ezizenzakalelayo ezivela kubahlinzeki abasezingeni eliphezulu nabaqinisekisiwe futhi benze idrayivu elandelayo iphephe kakhudlwana!
