Izitoreji Eziyinhloko
- Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yezindleko kuyindlela esheshayo nelula yokuthi amabhizinisi ahlole ukubaluleka kwamaphrojekthi nezinhlelo ezingaba khona
- Umphumela wokuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yezindleko awuhlali ulula futhi kungase kudingeke ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kukhuliswe inani lokutshalwa kwezimali
- Indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo yezindleko ihlangene namanye amathuluzi ebhizinisi, njengokuhlaziya inzuzo kanye nokuhlakanipha kokuncintisana.
Ukwabiwa kwezinsiza kuyisisekelo somnotho futhi uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele kungaba yisisekelo sebhizinisi eliphumelelayo. Ezinkulu noma ezincane, wonke amabhizinisi kufanele enze izinqumo ezinhle lapho enquma ukuthi angawabela kanjani kahle izinsiza zawo ukuze azinike ithuba elingcono kakhulu lokuqhuba izinto kahle. Kulapho ukuhlaziya inzuzo yezindleko (CBA) kungaba usizo khona, okunikeza inkomba yokufaneleka kwezinhlelo ezintsha nokusebenza.
Kuyini Ukuhlaziywa Kwenzuzo Yezindleko
I-CBA iyindlela yokuhlola umphumela wensalela wenkambo engaba khona ngokuqhathanisa izinzuzo nezindleko zayo. Yize ezinye izinhlobo ze-CBA zenziwe iminyaka eyinkulungwane, indlela yesimanje ye-CBA yaqalwa ngusomnotho waseFrance uJules Dupuit ngo-1848 lapho ehlola ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo namabhuloho emisha.
I-CBA ingasetshenziswa ukuhlola inhlobonhlobo yezenzo ezingaba khona, njenge:
- Ukunquma ukuthi uzoqasha yini isisebenzi esisha
- Ukuhlola ukuthi uzoyithenga yini impahla yemali emisha noma cha
- Ukunquma ukuthi uzothuthela endaweni yokusebenza entsha
Kalula nje, i-CBA ibandakanya ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo nezindleko zesenzo nokuqhathanisa amanani amabili ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi kuyafaneleka noma cha.
Isibonelo, ngo-2012, uMnyango Wezokuthutha wase-UK wenza i-CBA ukuze inqume ukuthi ngabe iphrojekthi kaloliwe ye-High Speed 2 (HS2) ehleliwe izohlinzeka ngenani lemali yini. Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile okucatshangelwe kwakuhlanganisa izindleko zephrojekthi, izinga elilindelekile lesidingo kanye nezinzuzo eziyinhloko zabasebenzisi abangaba bomzila wesitimela. Ekugcineni, uhulumeni wase-UK unikeze iphrojekthi ukuthi iqhubeke.
Ungasifaka kanjani isicelo Ukuhlaziywa Kwenzuzo Yezindleko
I-CBA ingenziwa ngezigaba ezine.
Isinyathelo 1:
Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuchaza uhlaka lulonke lwesenzo. Isibonelo, uma ucabanga ukuqasha abasebenzi abasha, bangaki? Futhi ufuna ukukala ngasiphi isikhathi ukufaneleka kwephrojekthi? Uma uhlela ukwethula umkhiqizo omusha, ufuna ukuthi ilunge nini ukwethulwa?
Kubalulekile ukwakha uhlaka kuqala ukuze phansi lapho uhlola izindleko nezinzuzo, ukwazi ukwenza izilinganiso ezingcono futhi uhlole imiphumela ngendlela efanele.
Isinyathelo 2:
Isinyathelo sesibili siwukucabanga izinzuzo nezindleko eziningi esenzweni ngangokunokwenzeka. Lokhu kungaba ububanzi obusukela ezintweni ezibonakalayo njengamaholo amasha kuye kwezingaphatheki, njengempilo yabasebenzi kanye umthelela omuhle ezinqubweni zebhizinisi. Lolu hlu ludinga ukuhlanganisa konke - zama futhi ucabange ngezinto eziningi ngangokunokwenzeka.
Isibonelo, ukuqasha isisebenzi esisha akubizi nje umholo waso; kufanele futhi ucabangele isikhathi esisithathayo ukwenza inhlolokhono futhi uqeqeshe isisebenzi esisha, kanye nanoma yiziphi izinkokhelo ezingase zibe khona kumafemu aqashayo.
Isinyathelo 3:
Isinyathelo esilandelayo siwukusebenzisa amanani emali kuzo zonke izinzuzo nezindleko. Okunye kwalokhu kuzoba lula - intengo yempahla entsha yemali, irenti yendawo entsha yehhovisi, iholo lesisebenzi esisha, njll. Nokho, ezinye zingaba nzima.
Ukuze unikeze inani lemali ezintweni ezingaphatheki, kuzodingeka wenze ukucabangela ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho siqu kanye nocwaningo lwakho. Kungase futhi kube nzima ukubikezela kahle izimali ezingenayo nezindleko zesikhathi esizayo; lokhu kungadinga ucwaningo olukhulu.
Isinyathelo 4:
Isinyathelo sokugcina se-CBA ukuhlola umphumela ngokuqhathanisa zonke izindleko zesenzo nenzuzo yayo yonke. Uma izindleko zidlula izinzuzo, cishe akufaneleki ukwenza iphrojekthi. Uma izinzuzo zidlula izindleko, khona-ke kungase kudingeke ukuba kwenziwe.
Nokho, kungase kudingeke okunye ukuhlaziya ngaphambi kokwenza isenzo. Ngokwesibonelo, ziqiniseke kangakanani izibikezelo zakho zenzuzo? Uma uthembele ekwandiseni imali engenayo evela embonini engcuphe kakhulu futhi eguquguqukayo kungase kudingeke wenze olunye ucwaningo.
Uma ingqikithi enenzuzo incane noma kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukubuyisela izindleko, kufanele ucabange ukuthi zikhona yini ezinye izenzo ongazithatha ezizoletha inani elithe xaxa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kungakufanelekela ukwenza ama-CBA kuhlu lwezenzo ezingenzeka ezahlukene.
Isibonelo Sokuhlaziywa Kwenzuzo Yezindleko
I-Calceus Shoes Ltd yenziwe ngezandla inkampani yokukhiqiza izicathulo e-UK. Inkampani njengamanje ibhekene nesidingo esikhulu futhi icabanga ukukhula ukuze ikhulise umthamo. Ifuna ukuthuthela efekthri enkulu futhi iqashe abasebenzi abasha ababili, okuhlanganisa nomphathi we-HR wangaphakathi. Ingabe lokhu kwandiswa kuyoba usizo esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu?
Izindleko
Inkampani idinga ukuqasha abasebenzi ababili abengeziwe. I-IBISWorld ilinganisela ukuthi ngo-2022-23 isilinganiso samaholo embonini embonini yokuthunga izicathulo yase-UK ingaphansi nje kuka-£27,400, kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi yenyuke ifinyelele cishe ku-£28,150 ngo-2027-28. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kubasebenzi ababili abasha, iCalceus izosebenzisa cishe u-£277,500 emholweni esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu.
Ukutshalwa kwezimali okusha kuyadingeka ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kugcinwe izindawo zokusebenza ezimbili ezengeziwe. Kuzoba khona imali yokuqala engu-£20,000 futhi, sisebenzisa idatha yokwehla kwenani le-IBISWorld, silinganisela izindleko zonyaka zokugcina cishe cishe ngo-£2,400. Lokhu kuzodala isamba sezindleko zemali engu-£32,000 phakathi naleso sikhathi.
Njengamanje uCalceus ukhokha isilinganiso serenti yemboni engu-4.5% wemali engenayo, isamba esingu-£22,500. Isivumelwano esisha sizoba phezulu ngo-15%, okukhombisa ukwenyuka kwerenti yonyaka ngo-£3,375 kanye nezindleko eziphelele ezingu-£16,875 phakathi neminyaka emihlanu.
Inkampani futhi idinga ukucabangela ezinye izindleko ezincane, okuhlanganisa ukuqasha nokuqeqeshwa (£3,500), izindleko zokuhamba (£2,000) kanye nezimali zomthetho nezokuphatha (£2,500).
Izinzuzo
Njengamanje iCalceus inemali engenayo yonyaka engu-£500,000, kuyilapho isidingo siphezulu ngo-20% kunokukhishwa kwayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imali engenayo kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke ngo-20%, noma i-£100,000. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka emihlanu, lokhu kuzofinyelela ku-£500,000.
Inkampani nayo ilindele ukuthi kube khona umphumela wokuphindaphinda ongu-10%., ngokuthengisa okuphezulu okwandisa isithunzi sayo nokudala isidingo esengeziwe. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwengezeni u-£55,556.
Sekukonke, lokhu kusho ukuthi iCalceus Shoes ingalindela inzuzo ephelele engu-£238,056 ohlelweni. Lena imajini enkulu impela, ezovikela ekungaqinisekini okuthile. Ngenxa yalokhu, iCalceus Shoes kufanele ilandele umphumela we-CBA futhi iqedele iphrojekthi yokwandisa.
Iyini imikhawulo yokusebenzisa i-Cost Benefit Analysis?
Ukuhlola i-CBA akulula njengokuqhathanisa inani lezindleko nenani lezinzuzo. Ngisho nembuyiselo enhle yesikhathi eside, izindleko eziphezulu okwamanje zingenza iphrojekthi ingabi nanzuzo. Esimeni lapho iphrojekthi ihlanganisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala, kungabaluleka ukucatshangelwa inani lamanje lensalela yembuyiselo. Isenzo ngasinye ibhizinisi elisithathayo sinezindleko zamathuba. Noma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali okwenziwe kungasetshenziselwa ezinye izenzo futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela uhla lwezinketho ngaphambi kokuzibophezela ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Lapho uhlela iphrojekthi enkulu ebandakanya izici eziningi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlola yonke imiphumela engaqondile yephrojekthi. Ngenxa yalokhu, uma iphrojekthi ehlongozwayo iba nkulu, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuqhuba i-CBA ephelele.
Ukuhlola izindleko nezinzuzo, ikakhulukazi uma uzama ukulinganisa imiphumela engaqondile kanye nemali engenayo yesikhathi esizayo, kuba nzima kakhulu uma iphrojekthi iba nzima kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwezilinganiso ezinhle zevelu yezindleko zakho nezinzuzo, i-CBA yakho ingaphumela kumphumela odukisayo futhi iholele ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezimbi. Yingakho kwenziwa ucwaningo ukuqonda kahle imakethe yakho ukhiye wokudala i-CBA eqinile.
Ama-CBA nawo awabali ubungozi. Nakuba zonke izabelo zesikhathi esizayo ziboshelwe ezingeni elithile lokungaqiniseki, ukuntuleka kobubanzi bokuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya ubungozi ku-CBA kuyenza ibe lula kakhulu ezimakethe ezingaqinisekile neziguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, ingabe izinzuzo zakho zesikhathi esizayo zingathinteka kanjani izinguquko ezintengweni zempahla? Ingabe ukufunwa kungaphazanyiswa ubuchwepheshe obusha?
Kubalulekile ukuthi ngaphambi kokuthatha isinyathelo esisekelwe ku-CBA wenze ubuqotho bakho futhi uhlole ubungozi besikhathi esizayo ochayeka kubo. Enye indlela yokuphakamisa lokhu ukwenza izimo ezingcono kakhulu nezimbi kakhulu ku-CBA yakho.
Ukwandisa ukuhlaziya kwakho
Ngenxa yemikhawulo ku-CBA, kufanele uyisebenzise ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi okuhlaziya ibhizinisi ukuze ukhuphule inani lokuhlola kwakho.
Ukuhlaziywa kwenzuzo isetshenziswa ngamabhizinisi ukwenza inzuzo yezinhlelo namaphrojekthi ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kungakusiza uqonde kangcono ukuthi izinzuzo zakho zivelaphi futhi ngalokho ulinganisele kangcono imali engenayo nezindleko zesikhathi esizayo. Lokhu kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba kwe-CBA.
Lapho wenza ucwaningo lwe-CBA, ukuqonda kahle imakethe kubaluleke kakhulu. Nge ukuhlakanipha kokuncintisana, ungathola ukuqonda kangcono lokho okwenziwa izimbangi zakho, yiziphi izindleko abaye babhekana nazo futhi ube nesithombe esingcono semboni iyonke.
Njengobunye bobuthakathaka be-CBA ukuntula kwayo indawo yokuhlola ubungozi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi kwakhiwe Uhlaka Lokulawulwa Kwengozi (RMF) yephrojekthi yakho ehleliwe. Ama-RMF ziyindlela yokuhlonza kanye nokulinganisa izinsongo ezingase zibe khona ebhizinisini nokudala izindlela zokunciphisa lezi zingozi. Lesi yisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuhlaziya izinhlelo zebhizinisi, ikakhulukazi lapho usebenza ezimbonini ezisengozini enkulu.
I-CBA iyithuluzi eliwusizo lokuqonda amandla nobuthakathaka bamaphrojekthi azayo. Kuyindlela esheshayo yokuqeda izinhlelo zebhizinisi ezingenangqondo, kodwa akufanele zisetshenziswe yona ngokwayo ekugunyazweni kwemiklamo yebhizinisi yesikhathi esizayo.
Imicabango yokugcina
Amandla e-CBA ubulula bayo. Kuyashesha, kulula futhi noma ngubani angakwenza ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okuthile noma iziqu. Nokho, ukuba lula kwayo nakho kuwubuthakathaka. Isetshenziswa iyodwa, i-CBA ayikwazi ukuthatha zonke izinhlobonhlobo zemakethe ehlala ishintsha futhi uma isetshenziswa kabi ingaholela ekuthathweni kwezinqumo ezimbi. Kodwa-ke, uma isetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namanye amathuluzi, i-CBA ingasebenza kakhulu.
Umthombo ovela Ibisworld
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwa i-Ibisworld ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
