Ukuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe kuyimboni enkulu, futhi umthamo wezimpahla ezithunyelwa emhlabeni wonke ukhula nsuku zonke. Ngo-2021 kuphela, ukuhwebelana komhlaba kwafinyelela phezulu kunaso sonke isikhathi $ 28.5 isigidintathu. Futhi njengoba izinkampani ziqhubeka nokungena ezimakethe ezintsha zomhlaba futhi zithola izindlela ezintsha zokusebenza ndawonye emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe, kubaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili ukuthi wazi kahle ukhiye. izincwadi zokuthumela.
Amadokhumenti okuthumela angalungile angabamba ukuthunyelwa futhi kubangele ukubambezeleka okungadingekile okungadla amabhizinisi isikhathi, imali, nesithunzi sawo. Kulesi sihloko, sizogxila kudokhumenti eyodwa yokuthumela: i i-invoyisi. Ake sibheke inhloso yomthethosivivinywa wezimpahla nokuthi kungani ubalulekile emabhizinisini abandakanyeka ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Okuqukethwe
Iyini i-bill of lading?
Ubani odinga i-bill of lading?
Yini ukubaluleka kwe-bill of lading?
Iyini inhloso ye-bill of lading?
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezikweletu zokulayisha?
Ihlanganisani i-bill of lading?
Isibonelo esisebenzayo se-bill of lading
Umbhalo we-BoL: hhayi nje iphepha, kodwa ukhiye wokuthumela emhlabeni jikelele
Iyini i-bill of lading?
I-bill of lading (Isitsha) idokhumenti yomthetho echaza imigomo nemibandela yokuthuthwa kwempahla. Isebenza njengenkontileka yenqola phakathi komthumeli nomthwali. Isetshenziselwa ukumemezela okuqukethwe kokuthunyelwa, lapho kuya khona, nalapho ivela khona.
I-bill of lading ingaphinda ihlanganise nolunye ulwazi, njengesisindo noma umthamo wezimpahla, ezithunyelwa ngobani futhi (owaziwa nangokuthi umthumeli nomthumeli), hlobo luni lwephakeji ezikulo, nokuningi.
Ubani odinga i-bill of lading?
Hhayi-ke, noma ngubani obambe iqhaza ekuthutheni imithwalo isuka endaweni eyodwa iye kwenye. Wonke amaqembu abandakanyekayo ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe aphathelene nezikweletu zempahla, noma ngabe abathengisi bangaphandle, abathumela ngaphandle, noma abathwali.
Yini ukubaluleka kwe-bill of lading?
I-bill of lading ingenye yeziningi imibhalo ebalulekile yokuthumela. Isebenza njengobufakazi bobunikazi phezu kwempahla futhi iyidokhumenti ekhomba futhi eqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa, kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu bayo noma inani. Ngenxa yalokho, kusiza ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa noma ukweba ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kwe-BoL, abukho ubufakazi bokuthi noma ubani ungumnikazi noma unomthwalo wemfanelo wokuthunyelwa okunikeziwe.
Iyini inhloso ye-bill of lading?
I-BoL iyingxenye ebalulekile yanoma iyiphi inqubo yokuthumela ngemikhumbi ngoba ivumela bonke abathintekayo ukuthi balandelele ukuthunyelwa kwempahla njengoba besuka endaweni A ukuya endaweni B. Lo mbhalo womthetho unezinjongo ezintathu eziyinhloko:
Idokhumenti yesihloko
I-bill of lading iyinkontileka ebophezela ngokusemthethweni esebenza njengedokhumenti yetayitela lempahla. Inikeza inkampani yenethiwekhi igunya lokuthutha nokuletha izimpahla, futhi iqinisekisa ubunikazi bezimpahla ngumthumeli.
Irisidi yokuthunyelwa
Isebenza njengobufakazi obugunyaziwe bokuthunyelwa, i-BoL isetshenziselwa ukubhala ukudluliselwa kobunikazi kusuka kumthumeli kuya kumthwali noma umdluliseli wezimpahla. Uma kwenzeka umonakalo empahleni, noma uma abathwali behluleka ukuletha ngesikhathi, i-bill of lading izoba ubufakazi obubalulekile emacaleni.
Isivumelwano sokubambisana
I-BoL iyisiqephu sephepha esibalulekile, ngokwezinga elimele futhi imigomo nemibandela okuvunyelwane ngayo umthumeli kanye nomthwali. Kuhlanganisa imininingwane yezimpahla ezihanjiswayo, indawo eziya kuyo, noma yimiphi imiyalo ekhethekile yokusingatha, nokunye okuningi.
Yiziphi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezikweletu zokulayisha?
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi alukho uhlobo olulodwa lwe-bill of lading. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-bill of lading ezisetshenziswayo, kuye ngemibandela ebekwe yizinhlangothi ezithintekayo ohlelweni lwezokuthutha. Ezinye ziqondile ezinhlotsheni ezithile zokuthutha, kanti ezinye zisebenza kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo noma izimo ezithile. Ake sihlole izinhlobo ezivamile nokuthi zihluke kanjani komunye nomunye.
Ibhili yokuthutha okuxoxiswana ngayo
Umthethosivivinywa wezimpahla okuxoxiswana ngazo (NBL) wumbhalo ovumela umnikazi (umthumeli noma umthumeli) ukuthi adlulisele ubunikazi kanye nesihloko sempahla komunye umuntu (umthumeli). I-NBL ingadluliswa isuka kwelinye iqembu iye kwelinye ngokuthunyelwa futhi isebenza kuphela uma isayinwe umthumeli wokuqala. Kufana nokuba nesheke elingenalutho—noma ubani onalo angafuna ubunikazi bezimpahla ezisohlwini lwalo.
Isikweletu esingaxoxiswana sokulayisha
Njengoba igama liphakamisa, i-bill of lading engaxoxiswane ayikwazi ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu. Igama lomamukeli kufanele livele kubhili yezimpahla, futhi akekho omunye umuntu ongathatha izimpahla ngaphandle kwemvume yakhe. Lolu hlobo lwedokhumenti lusetshenziswa lapho singekho isidingo sokushintsha izandla noma ukudluliselwa kwenye inkampani yenethiwekhi.
Isikweletu esiqondile somthwalo
Ibhilidi yomthwalo eqondile wuhlobo lwe-BoL okungaxoxiswana ngalo oludinga ukuthi umamukeli akhokhe izindleko ezigcwele zokuthunyelwa kwazo ngaphambi kokuba bathole izimpahla. Ngakho, bathatha zonke izingozi ezihlobene nezokuthutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-BoL eqondile yenza kube lula ukuthengiselana kwezezimali futhi iqede isidingo sokuthi imibhalo eminingi ithunyelwe ngapha nangapha phakathi kwezinhlangothi.
Umthethosivivinywa we-Ocean wokulayisha
I-ocean bill of lading iyinkontileka esemthethweni phakathi komthumeli nomthwali echaza imigomo yokuthutha impahla impahla yasolwandle. Isebenza njenge-invoyisi yokuthunyelwa esayinwe yizinhlangothi zombili futhi iqukethe ulwazi mayelana nokuqukethwe kokuthunyelwa, njengesisindo nobukhulu. Uma umthwalo usufikile lapho uya khona, umamukeli uyasayina bese evuma ukulethwa.
I-bill of lading ehlanzekile
I-clean bill of lading wuhlobo oluthile lwe-ocean bill of lading, ekhishwa umthwali ngemuva kokuhlola isimo sezimpahla ngesikhathi zilayishwa emkhunjini. Kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi zonke izimpahla zihloliwe futhi akukho monakalo noma iziphambeko ezikhona. Le dokhumenti iyindlela yokuthi umamukeli aqinisekise ukuthi okuthunyelwe kufana nalokho oku-odiwe.
I-bill of lading ekhethiwe
Umthethosivivinywa womthwalo womthwalo uvame ukukhishwa lapho inkampani yenethiwekhi ithola uhlobo oluthile lokuphambana nomthwalo noma isimo sawo. Ibala yonke into kusukela ezintweni ezingekho kuye kwezilimele, okuhlanganisa lokho obekufanele kube khona nalokho okwafika ngempela.
Ihlanganisani i-bill of lading?
Manje ake sidlule ezigabeni ezithile ezivamile zethempulethi evamile yokulayisha impahla. Sizohlanganisa indlela yokugcwalisa idokhumenti ye-BoL nokuthi yonke incwadi yomthwalo wemfanelo kufanele ihlanganise nani.
| kwesigaba | Incazelo |
| Umthumbi | Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubani othumela/ohambisa izimpahla, okuhlanganisa igama lenkampani yabo, ikheli, imininingwane yokuxhumana, njll. |
| Umphathi | Ulwazi mayelana nokuthi ubani owamukela izimpahla, okuhlanganisa igama lenkampani yabo, ikheli, imininingwane yokuxhumana, njll. |
| Carrier | Ulwazi mayelana nenkampani yenethiwekhi enesibopho sokuthutha izimpahla. Isibonelo, lokhu kungaba ulayini wemikhumbi, umthumeli wezimpahla, noma inkampani yezindiza. |
| i-invoyisi inombolo | Kukhishelwa i-ID eyingqayizivele yomthwalo ngamunye othize. Ingasetshenziswa njengesihlonzi ukulandelela i-bill of lading. |
| Incazelo ye izimpahla | Incazelo ephelele yezinto ezithuthiwe, okuhlanganisa ubuningi bazo, izici zomzimba (isb, isisindo). ubukhulu), ukupakishwa (isb, amakhadibhodi), nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikhethekile. |
| Izinto eziyingozi | Noma yiziphi izinto, uma zingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, zingaba yingozi kubantu, ezilwaneni, noma endaweni ezungezile. Lokhu kuhlanganisa uketshezi oluvuthayo namagesi, amakhemikhali abolayo, nezinto ezikhipha imisebe. |
| Idethi yokuthunyelwa | Usuku okwalayishwa ngalo izimpahla ukuze zihambe. Lokhu kuzosiza bonke abathintekayo bazi ukuthi izinto zithunyelwe nini nokuthi kuthathe isikhathi esingakanani ukuthi zifike endaweni yokugcina. |
| I-COD ngokwemibandela | Inani elithi “Cash On Delivery” nokuthi lidinga ukukhokhwa kanjani lapho lilethwa (isb., lingaqoqwa othatha imali noma likhokhelwe kusengaphambili ngesheke noma ikhadi lesikweletu). |
| Note | Lesi sigaba singasetshenziselwa ukusho umkhawulo wesibopho sokulahlekelwa noma umonakalo. Inikeza imininingwane yokuthi inkampani yenethiwekhi izoba nesibopho esingakanani uma okuthile kwenzeka ezimpahleni ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. |
| Freight class | Inombolo emisiwe, enqunywa ngokusekelwe ezicini ezihlukahlukene njengesisindo, ukuminyana, kanye nenani. Ivumela izinkampani zenethiwekhi nabathumeli ukuthi basebenzise isethi evamile yezinkombandlela zentengo lapho bethumela izimpahla. |
| Isiginesha yabo bonke Amaqembu | Ukuze umthethosivivinywa wezimpahla usebenze, zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo kufanele ziwusayine. Lokhu kubandakanya umthumeli, inkampani yenethiwekhi, nomshayeli. |
Isibonelo esisebenzayo se-bill of lading
Masithi i-ABC Ltd., inkampani kashokoledi ezinze e-USA, ifuna ukukhuphula imigqa yayo yokukhiqiza ngamabha ayi-100,000 kashokoledi aphambili ngaphambi kukaKhisimusi. Inhloko yomnyango wezokuthutha, uMnu. Munro, sekuphele amasonto ethungatha ubhontshisi omusha kashokoledi. Ekugcineni wafinyelela isivumelwano ne-ZXY LLC, omunye wabakhiqizi abakhulu be-cocoa nabathumela kwamanye amazwe. UMnu. Munro usayina isivumelwano ne-ZXY LLC., sokwamukela amathani angu-80 kabhontshisi we-cocoa ngo-$2 iphawundi.
I-ZXY LLC ilungisa i-oda futhi ilithathe ukuze lithunyelwe ku-MSX Airline Ltd., umthumeli wezimpahla ozinze e-Abidjan. Lesi sakamuva sizokhipha umthethosivivinywa wempahla othi “ZXY LLC” njengomthumeli, “ABC Ltd” njengomthumeli, “Los Angeles, CA” njengendawo yokuthunyelwa, “I-Air Freight” njengendlela yokuthutha okuvunyelwene ngayo; kanye nokuthi “Septhemba 1, 2019” njengosuku lezi zinto ezizothunyelwa ngalo. I-BoL izophinde ifake ulwazi mayelana nesisindo, ubukhulu, nezici zomzimba zobhontshisi kashokoledi.
Lapho befika endaweni abaya kuyo e-Los Angeles, ubhontshisi kashokoledi uzolethwa ngeloli ngqo endaweni yokugcina impahla yakwa-ABC Ltd. Abaphathi lapho bangathola ukulethwa ngokwethula ikhophi esayiniwe ye-BoL. Uma ubhontshisi kashokoledi usuhloliwe futhi watholakala usesimweni esihle futhi ulethwe njengoba ayethembisile, uMnu. Munro uzoxhumana nebhange elingumlamuli lenkampani yakhe ukuze likhulule inkokhelo ye-ZXY LLC nge-electronic bank transfer, futhi voila!
Umbhalo we-BoL: hhayi nje iphepha, kodwa ukhiye wokuthumela emhlabeni jikelele
Empeleni, inhloso yomthethosivivinywa wezimpahla wukusebenza njengombhalo obopha ngokomthetho odlala indima ebalulekile ekuhwebeni kwamazwe ngamazwe. Iwumthombo wokuphila cishe kukho konke ukuthunyelwa, futhi ngaphandle kwayo, impahla isengozini yokwebiwa kwempahla noma ukubambezeleka kokuthunyelwa. Funda kabanzi mayelana izincwadi zokuthumela ukuze uthole inqola ebushelelezi nevikelekile emingceleni yamazwe ngamazwe!
Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Chovm.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.
