I-Industrial automation ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe namadivayisi ukwenza ukukhiqiza kube lula. Ithuthuke kancane ngokuhamba kweminyaka ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obusha. Futhi, inyukile isidingo semakethe, nabantu nezinhlangano ezikhethe ukuthuthukela kuyo ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziningi, okuxoxwe ngazo ngezansi.
Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo?
Umlando wokuzenzakalelayo ekukhiqizeni
Izinhlobo ze-automation ekukhiqizeni
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezishintshayo: amathuluzi nezindlela
I-automation iyithinte kanjani imboni yokukhiqiza
Ikusasa le-automation
Kuyini ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo?
Ukukhiqiza i-automation noma i-automation yokukhiqiza ukusetshenziswa kwemishini, okokusebenza, kanye nobuchwepheshe ukwenza ukukhiqiza kube ngokuzenzakalela. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zesoftware, amarobhothi okukhiqiza, nezinhlelo ezenza ukukhiqiza kube lula kakhulu, ukuguqula kanye nokwenza kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa esikhundleni sabantu noma lapho imisebenzi ingenakwenzeka.
Umlando wokuzenzakalelayo ekukhiqizeni
I-DS Harder yaqhamuka negama elithi “manufacturing automation” ngo-1946. Nokho, lokhu akubanga lapho kwaqala khona ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo. Ukulandela emuva ezikhathini zangaphambi komlando, kuyabonakala ukuthi yilapho kwaqala khona ukukhiqiza. Ukusungulwa kwamathuluzi afana namasondo, ama-pulley systems, ama-lever, njll. kuwubufakazi bokuthi ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo bekukhona kusukela kudala.
Ngesikhathi senguquko yezimboni, ukusungulwa kwenjini yesitimu kwenza ukukhiqiza kuthathe ithuba. Kwenza kube lula ukwakha amafekthri njengoba ayehlala noma kuphi. Ngaphambili, zazisebenza ngamasondo amanzi, futhi izimboni zazingakhiwa eduze nemithombo yamanzi kuphela.
Khona-ke, ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940 kwafika nokusungulwa kwamakhompiyutha e-elekthronikhi, futhi ama-1960 avumela ukuguqulwa kwedivayisi encane. Iminyaka eyalandela yaholela ekukhuleni emkhakheni wedijithali futhi ilethe lokho esikusebenzisa manje ezimbonini.
Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bazama ubuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Izinhlobo ze-automation ekukhiqizeni
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuzenzela ziyasetshenziswa kuye ngohlobo lokukhiqiza. Zibalwe ngezansi:
Okuzenzakalelayo okulungisiwe
Ibizwa nangokuthi i-hard automation. Lolu hlelo lusebenzisa imishini ethile ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ethile. Isivinini kanye nokulandelana kwenqubo kubekwa ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zomkhiqizo. Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephezulu.
Okuzenzakalelayo okuhlelekayo
Lolu hlobo lokuzenzakalela likuvumela ukuthi ukhiqize imikhiqizo ngamaqoqo ngoba ingahlelwa. Uphrinta iqoqo lokuqala, ushintshe uhlelo, futhi ukhiqize inqwaba elandelayo. Ungakha nolunye uhlelo, ulufake emishinini, bese uqhubeke nokukhiqiza.
I-automation eguquguqukayo
Ivumela inqubo yokukhiqiza ukuthi ishintshwe ngokushesha futhi kalula ukuze kuguqulwe ukwakheka komkhiqizo. Ngokuvamile ingafinyelelwa ukude kusetshenziswa imishini nezilawuli.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezishintshayo: amathuluzi nezindlela
Amathuluzi amaningi nezindlela zingasetshenziswa ukuze kuzuzwe okuzenzakalelayo. Zihlanganisa:
Ukulawulwa kwezinombolo
Lokhu kuhlanganisa amathuluzi omshini alawulwa yi amakhompyutha, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa ukuthi kusingathwe idatha yezinombolo.
Ukulawula izinombolo zekhompyutha
Lolu hlobo lwe-automation lusebenzisa i-a microchip ihlanganiswe nesoftware edingekayo. Ivumela ukulawula idivayisi ngokufaka okuqondile okuvela kulwazi lohlelo lwekhompyutha.
Amathuluzi azenzakalelayo
Lezi izinhlelo eziningana ezahlukene ezingasetshenziswa ukusiza ukwandisa inani lokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo enhlanganweni yakho. Imishini ithembele ku-software esiza ukukhiqiza ukuthi kuqhubeke ngokwakho.
Isiqhingi se-automation
Lolu hlobo lokuzenzakalela luhlanganiswe namanye amasistimu olungasebenza nawo. Kuhlala kuwuhlelo lomuntu ngamunye enhlanganweni. Okusho ukuthi, akuthintwa ezinye izinhlelo.
Izilawuli ezinengqondo ezihlelekayo (PLC)
Lawa makhompyutha amancane angasetshenziswa ukuthola idatha futhi ayithumele njengeziyalezo emishinini yokukhiqiza.
I-automation iyithinte kanjani imboni yokukhiqiza
I-Industrial automation iyizuzise kakhulu imboni yokukhiqiza ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
Imikhiqizo yezimboni: Inqubo yokukhiqiza ezenzakalelayo izosiza ukunciphisa amaphutha, inikeze umsebenzi wekhwalithi engcono, futhi ihlangabezane nezinsuku zokugcina. Ngokwesibonelo, ku ukupakisha kokudla embonini, ungasebenzisa i-automation ukusekela ukupakishwa kwemikhiqizo.
Ukuphatha ukuhlinzeka: Isofthiwe enhle namasistimu angasiza ukulandelela ulwazi ngemikhiqizo, ukuthi yini esitokweni, yini ephumayo, kanye nalokho okudingekayo. Lokhu kuzovimbela ukushoda kwesitoko.
Amafutha negesi: Amasistimu okuqapha avumela opharetha ukuthi baqaphe yokumba ngokunembile futhi uhlole isimo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa izingozi eziningi ezingase zenzeke phakathi nohambo lokusesha.
Robotics: Amarobhothi zithatha indawo ephelele lapho zingasetshenziswa ukwenza imisebenzi eyingozi kakhulu futhi ekhathaza abantu.
Umkhakha Wezimoto: Izimoto manje sezenziwe nge izinhlelo ezivumela ukuthi zizilawule futhi zizikhiye ngokuphephile. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ezinye izimboni manje sezisebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, okuvumela ukukhiqizwa ngokushesha kwezimoto.
Ikusasa le-automation
Amabhizinisi kuzo zonke izimboni okwamanje asebenzisa ukukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kuncishiswe izindleko nokwandisa ukuhamba komsebenzi. Babheke kancane ukuba babe 100% izimboni ezizenzakalelayo njengoba kungenzeka ngempela esikhathini esizayo esiseduze.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamarobhothi kuzoduma kakhulu njengoba ubuchwepheshe obusha be-robotics benza ukuzenzekelayo kufinyeleleke ezinkampanini zabo bonke osayizi.
I-inthanethi yezinto iphinde isize abakhiqizi ukuthi bafinyelele izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza kwabo. Lokhu kuzovumela abakhiqizi ukuthi bafinyelele idatha ebalulekile ezobasiza ukuthi bashintshe futhi balungiselele ukukhiqiza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikusasa eliseduze lizobona inhlanganisela yokukhiqiza okuzenzakalelayo kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze unakekele imisebenzi evamile ebucayi futhi engakwazi ukukhokhela noma yiliphi iphutha lomuntu.
Imicabango yokugcina
I-Industrial automation isihambe indlela ende kuze kube manje futhi inamandla amakhulu nekusasa. Nakuba kungase kubonakale kunomthelela omubi kakhulu emsebenzini, kuzovula amathuba engeziwe esikhathini esizayo. Vakashela Chovm.com kweminye imikhiqizo ye-industrial automation.
