Abavuni belayisi bathole ukuduma kubalimi emhlabeni wonke ngenxa yezinzuzo zabo eziningi. Ngokwenza inqubo yokuvuna ibe lula, abavuni berayisi bonga isikhathi nomzamo obalulekile. Zihlonyiswe ngezici zokuzisika, ukubhula, nokuqoqwa okuzenzakalelayo, ziqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezitshalo enembile nesezingeni eliphezulu. Imakethe igcwele abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene abavuna irayisi, bahlinzeka ngokukhethwa okubanzi kwamamodeli ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezithile.
Kule bhulogi, sizobheka izinhlobo ezahlukene zabavuni berayisi ezitholakalayo futhi sinikeze isiqondiso sokuthi ungawuthenga kanjani umshini ofanele ibhizinisi lakho. Ukwengeza, sizonikeza umbono wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yokuvuna irayisi.
Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yokuvuna ezolimo
Izinhlobo zokuvuna irayisi
Umhlahlandlela wokugcina wokuthenga abavuni berayisi
Isifinyezo
Imakethe yokuvuna ezolimo
Ngokusho kwe-Expert Market Research, kusukela ngo-2022, umhlaba jikelele ezolimo imakethe ilinganiselwa ku-US $30.5 billion. Lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele ku-US $ 40.3 billion ekupheleni kuka-2028, sikhule ku-CAGR ka-4.8%.
Ukwanda kwesidingo semishini yokuvuna irayisi kubangelwa ikakhulukazi ukushoda kwezisebenzi ezifundeni eziningi emhlabeni wonke kanye nokonga izindleko zesikhathi eside, ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi nokunemba kwemishini, ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokwanda kobukhulu bamapulazi.
Izifunda ezinesidingo esikhulu semishini yokuvuna irayisi zifaka i-Afrika, iYurophu, i-Asia, iNyakatho Melika, naseNingizimu Melika.
Izinhlobo zokuvuna irayisi
1. Hlanganisa abavuni
Hlanganisa abavuni, ngokuvamile okubizwa ngokuthi ama-combins, ayimishini eshintshashintshashintshashintsha ngendlela emangalisayo eyenza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene phakathi nenqubo yokuvunwa kwerayisi. Ziyakwazi ukuphatha kahle ukusika, ukubhula, nokuhlukanisa okusanhlamvu ezinhlangeni, futhi ziyaziqhubezela, okuzenza zilungele ukulima kwerayisi ngezinga elikhulu lapho ukukhiqiza nokusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlanganisa abavuni bangakwazi ukuphatha amathani amane kuya kwangu-12+ elayisi ngehora, ngobubanzi bokusika obungamamitha amane kuya kwayisithupha nangaphezulu.
2. Izivuni ezizihambelayo
Uyazenzela abavuni irayisi, ezifakwe ezazo izinjini noma izinjini, zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukuthi zihambe futhi zizimele. Le mishini ethuthukisiwe iklanywe ngezinqubo zokusika ezinqamula kahle iziqu zelayisi. Lapho iziqu sezinqunyiwe, abavuni bayabhula futhi baqoqe okusanhlamvu. Izivuni ezincane ezizihambelayo zikwazi ukumelana nethani elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngehora, kuyilapho amamodeli amakhulu ephatha amathani ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili. Ububanzi bokusika busuka cishe kumamitha amabili kuya kwamane. Ubuhle bezivuni ezizishayelayo bulele ekusebenzeni kalula kwazo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ezihlukahlukene zensimu.
3. Izivuni ezifakwe ngogandaganda
Izivuni ezifakwe ngogandaganda, njengoba negama lazo lisho, bangabavuni abaxhunywe noma banamathiselwe ogandaganda. Zincike emandleni kanye nokuhamba kukagandaganda ukunqamula amasimu nokwenza imisebenzi yokusika nokubhula. Lezi zivuni zerayisi ziyinketho engokoqobo yamapulazi amancane noma lawo asevele efakwe ogandaganda, njengoba enikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu. Izivuni ezifakwe ngogandaganda zinomthamo wethani elilodwa kuya kwamane ngehora, nobubanzi bokusika obuyimitha eyodwa nengxenye ukuya kwamathathu.
4. Hamba-ngemuva abavuni
Abavuni abahamba ngemva ziyimishini emincane edinga ukusebenza ngezandla. Umsebenzisi uphusha noma aqondise isivuni ngenkathi ehamba ngemva kwaso. Lezi zivuni zilungele amasimu erayisi amancane noma izindawo lapho imishini emikhulu ingase ingasebenzi. Izivuni ezihamba ngemva ngokuvamile zithengeka kakhudlwana futhi zinikeza ukulawuleka okuhle kakhulu ezindaweni eziqinile. Umthamo wabavuni abahamba ngemva kungaba ngamathani angu-0.2 kuya ku-0.5 ngehora, kanti ububanzi bokusika ngokuvamile buphakathi kuka-0.6 kuya ku-1 wamamitha.
Umhlahlandlela wokugcina wokuthenga abavuni berayisi
I-1. Thayipha
Uma usemakethe a umvuni werayisi, kubalulekile ukuba nokuqonda okucacile kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo. Kunezindlela ezahlukene ongakhetha kuzo, njengezivuni ezihlanganisayo, izivuni ezizihambelayo, izivuni ezigibele ngogandaganda, nezivuni ezihamba ngemuva. Hlola ngokucophelela izidingo zakho zokulima kanye nezimo zensimu ukuze uthole ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olungaba olufaneleka kakhulu futhi olusebenza ngempumelelo ezidingweni zakho.
2. Ubukhulu
Abavuni berayisi kufanele bahambisane nobukhulu bensimu yerayisi abazosetshenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle. Imvamisa, abavuni berayisi bafika ngosayizi abahlukahlukene ukuze bavumelane nobukhulu bensimu obuhlukahlukene. Amasimu amancane ngokuvamile adinga izivuni ezihlangene nezishesha, kuyilapho amasimu amakhulu angazuza emishinini emikhulu nesebenza kahle kakhulu. Abathengi kufanele bahlole usayizi wamasimu futhi batshale izimali ezivuneni ezingazulazula endaweni ngempumelelo.
3. Amandla
Umthamo inani lerayisi a umvuni werayisi ingaphatha futhi icubungule phakathi nesikhathi esinikeziwe. Ukukhetha umshini onekhono elifanele kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nangesikhathi sokuvuna. Umthamo wabavuni berayisi ungahluka kakhulu, kusukela kumamodeli amancane angakwazi ukuphatha ithani elilodwa kuya kwamabili ngehora kuya emishinini emikhulu, enamandla amakhulu ekwazi ukucubungula amathani ayisithupha kuya kwayisishiyagalombili noma ngaphezulu ngehora. Ukuqhathanisa umthamo wokuvuna irayisi nesikali esithize sezitshalo kuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza.
4. Ukusika ububanzi
Ububanzi bokusika bunquma ububanzi umvuni werayisi anganqamula esitshalweni serayisi ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Nakuba ububanzi obubanzi bokusika buvumela ukuvunwa ngokushesha, kungase kubangele izinselele emasimini anemihuzuko emincane noma izithiyo. Ububanzi bokusika bokuvuna irayisi buyahlukahluka, kusukela kumamodeli amancane anobubanzi obuzungeze amamitha owodwa nesigamu kuya kumamitha amabili nesigamu, kuya kwababanzi afinyelela kumamitha amane kuya kwayisithupha noma ngaphezulu.
5. Amandla enjini
Amandla enjini adlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni a umvuni werayisi ikhono lokusingatha izimo zensimu ezahlukene. Cabangela izidingo zakho zamandla ngokusekelwe kusayizi wamasimu akho, ukuminyana kwezitshalo, kanye nokuthi ingabe ihlanganisa noma iyiphi indawo eyinselele. Amandla enjini abavuni berayisi angahluka kakhulu, ngamamodeli amancane ngokuvamile asukela ku-20-40 horsepower (HP) kanye nemishini emikhulu, enamandla afinyelela ku-100-150 HP noma ngaphezulu.
6. Ukusebenza kahle kwamafutha
Ukukhetha izivuni zelayisi ngokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli kuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli futhi kunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza. Izinga elimaphakathi lokusetshenziswa komvuni werayisi lisukela kumalitha amahlanu kuya kwayisishiyagalombili ngehora kumamodeli amancane namalitha ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwayi-15 ngehora emishinini emikhulu, enekhono eliphezulu. Ukukhetha indawo yokuvuna irayisi eyonga uphethiloli akugcini nje ngokusindisa izindleko zikaphethiloli kodwa futhi kunomthelela endleleni esimeme kakhulu yokulima irayisi.
I-7. Intengo
Okokugcina, kufanele uhlole inani eliphelele elinikezwe yi- umvuni werayisi, kucatshangelwa izici ezifana nezici, ikhwalithi, nokwethembeka. Kutuswa ukulinganisa phakathi kwezindleko nekhwalithi ukuze utshale imali ngokuhlakanipha.
Ibanga lentengo labavuni berayisi liyahlukahluka kakhulu, ngamamodeli amancane anenani eliphakathi kuka-US $10,000 kuya ku-US $20,000, kuyilapho imishini emikhulu, enamandla amakhulu ingasukela ku-US $50,000 kuya ku-US $100,000 noma ngaphezulu. Ngokucabangela ngokucophelela izici nezinzuzo ezinikezwa ngaphakathi kwesabelomali sakho, ungenza isinqumo esinolwazi futhi uthole isivuni serayisi esihlangabezana nezidingo zakho ezithile.
Isifinyezo
Ukuthenga isivuni serayisi esifanele kubalulekile ebhizinisini lakho. Kunezinto eziningi okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga izivuni zerayisi, okuhlanganisa intengo, ukonga kukaphethiloli, umthamo, ukunciphisa ububanzi, namandla emoto. Vakashela Chovm.com namuhla ukuze uthole isivuni selayisi esiphelele sezidingo zakho.
