I-UN GHS-uHlelo Olubuyekeziwe Lweshumi Selushicilelwe

NgoJulayi 27, 2023, i-United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) ishicilele Uhlelo Oluvunyelanisiwe Lomhlaba Lokuhlukaniswa Nokulebula Amakhemikhali (GHS Rev.10). Ukubuyekezwa kwenziwa ezingxenyeni eziningana, kuhlanganise

• inqubo yokuhlukanisa,
• ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlola okungezona ezesilwane,
• izitatimende zokuqapha, kanye
• izithasiselo 9 no-10.

I-UN GHS ibhekisela kuHlelo Oluvumelanayo Lomhlaba Wonke Lokuhlukaniswa kanye Nokulebula Amakhemikhali (incwadi ensomi). Kuwuhlelo lwamazwe ngamazwe oludalwe iKomidi Lochwepheshe LeZizwe Ezihlangene ku-GHS, Inhlangano Yezabasebenzi Yamazwe Ngamazwe (ILO) kanye neNhlangano Yezokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko (i-OECD) ukuze kubhekwane nokuhlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali ngezinhlobo zezingozi futhi kuvumelaniswe izici zokuxhumana eziyingozi, okuhlanganisa amalebula namaphepha edatha yokuphepha. Ihlose ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sokuvunyelaniswa kwemithetho nemithethonqubo kumakhemikhali ezingeni likazwelonke, lesifunda kanye nomhlaba wonke, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugqugquzela ukuhwebelana nakho kuyisici esibalulekile. I-UN GHS 1st edition yakhululwa ngo-2003. Kusukela lapho, iKomidi Lochwepheshe LeNhlangano Yezizwe nge-GHS lihlangana njalo ukuze lixoxe ngokubuyekezwa kwe-UN GHS futhi likhiphe uhlelo olubuyekeziwe lwe-GHS njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili.

Uma kuqhathaniswa ne GHS Rev.9, izinguquko ezibalulekile zenziwa ku-GHS Rev.10. Isibonelo, kwakhiwa izinhlinzeko ezintsha. Kulesi sihloko, i-CIRS yenza izincazelo ngale mibono elandelayo:

I. Izingozi Ezingokomzimba

1. ESahlukweni 2.1, i-pyrotechnic substance noma ingxube ichazwa njengeziqhumane noma izingxube. Umphumela oqhumayo noma we-pyrotechnic nawo usanda kwengezwa. Kungumphumela okhiqizwa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali e-exothermic ezisekelayo okuhlanganisa ukushaqeka, ukuhlukana, ukuqagela, ukushisa, ukukhanya, umsindo, igesi kanye nentuthu.

2. Esahlukweni 2.6, kwethulwa indlela yokuhlola inkomishi evulekile yoketshezi oluvuthayo. Ukuhlolwa kwenkomishi evulekile kuyamukeleka oketshezini olungenakuhlolwa ngezindlela zokuhlola inkomishi evaliwe (ngenxa yokubonakala kwazo) noma uma idatha yokuhlola inkomishi evulekile isiyatholakala. Kulezi zimo, u-5.6℃ kufanele akhishwe kunani elilinganisiwe, njengoba izindlela zokuhlola inkomishi evulekile ngokuvamile ziphumela kumanani aphezulu kunezindlela zenkomishi evaliwe. Nokho, ku-GHS Rev.9, ukuhlolwa kwendebe evaliwe kwamukelwa kuphela ezimeni ezikhethekile.

3. ESahlukweni 2.7, izimpushana zensimbi zibhekisela kuzimpushana zezinsimbi noma ama-alloys ensimbi.

4. Incazelo yeziqhumane ezingazweli icace kakhudlwana. Iziqhumane ezingazweli zibhekisela ezintweni nezingxube ezisesikweni sesahluko 2.1 ezenziwe nge-phlegmatized ukuze zicindezele izici zazo eziqhumayo ngendlela yokuthi zihlangabezane nemibandela eshiwo ku-2.17.2 futhi ngaleyo ndlela zingase zikhishwe esigabeni sengozi “Iziqhumane”. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "Uchungechunge lokuhlola 3: Ingabe luzwela kakhulu noma aluzinzile ngokwezinga lokushisa?" yengezwa ekuthatheni izinqumo kweziqhumane ezingazweli. Ama-pictograms nesixwayiso seziqhumane esahlukweni 2.1 esivela ku-GHS Rev.9 kuyasuswa.

II. Izingozi Zezempilo

1. Esahlukweni 3.1 Ubuthi obunamandla, ifomula inikezwa ukuhlola ubuthi bokuhogela ngaphansi kobude obuhlukile bokuchayeka. Izikhathi zokuchayeka ezamukelekile zokuguqulwa zisukela kokungu-30min ukuya kokuchayeka okungu-8h.

2. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokuhlola okungezona ezesilwane ekuhlukaniseni izingozi zempilo kuyacaciswa ikakhulukazi eSahlukweni 3.2 (Ukubola kwesikhumba/ukucasuka), Isahluko 3.3 (Ukulimala okukhulu kwamehlo/ukucasuka kwamehlo) kanye neSahluko 3.4 (Ukuphefumula noma ukuzwela kwesikhumba). Izindlela ezingahlolisisi zihlanganisa amamodeli wekhompuyutha abikezela ubudlelwano bomsebenzi wesakhiwo nomsebenzi (izaziso zesakhiwo, i-SAR) noma ubudlelwano bomsebenzi wesakhiwo sobuningi(ama-QSAR) kanye nokufunda kuwo wonke kusetshenziswa izindlela ze-analogue nezigaba.

3. Esahlukweni 3.2 Ukubola/ukucasuka kwesikhumba, iziphetho zokungahlukaniswa kusuka ku-read-cross kanye (Q)SAR zizofakazelwa kahle. Idatha ephelele engahloliwe yokubola kwesikhumba ingase isetshenziselwe ukuhlukanisa imiphumela yeso.

4. Esahlukweni 3.4 Ukuphefumula noma ukuzwela kwesikhumba, ukuhlukaniswa okusekelwe kudatha yomuntu kuyengezwa. Into ihlukaniswa njengesensitizer yesikhumba esigabeni 1 uma kunobufakazi kubantu bokuthi into ingaholela ekuzwaneni ngokuthinta isikhumba ngenani elikhulu labantu. Ku-3.4.2.2.3 Ukuhlelwa okusekelwe kudatha evamile yezilwane, ukuhlukaniswa kwesigaba soku-1 sokuqwashisa isikhumba kanye nesigaba esincane kungenziwa ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwekhodi ye-lymph ye-radioisotopic yendawo (LLNA).

III. Izingozi Zemvelo

Ukubuyekeza kwenziwa emagameni athile nemisho ukwenza incazelo inembe kakhudlwana futhi ibe sobala. Isibonelo, ekugcineni kweSahluko 4.1, "izakhi zelebula ezithize zezinto nezingxube ezihlukaniswa kulesi sigaba sengozi ngokusekelwe kumibandela ekulesi sahluko" kunikezwa futhi lo musho uvezwa ezahlukweni eziningi ze-GHS Rev.10.

IV. Izingozi endaweni yasemanzini kokuthi Izijobelelo

Ku-Annex 9, isiqondiso sokuhlukaniswa kwenhlanganisela ye-organicmetallic nosawoti we-organicmetallic siyengezwa. Ukuze uhlukanise ingxube equkethe izithako ezi-Acute 1 kanye nezingu-1 Ezingamahlalakhona, isihlukanisi sidinga ukwaziswa ngevelu ye-M factor ukuze kusetshenziswe indlela yokuhlanganisa.

V. Isitatimende sobungozi kanye nesitatimende sokuqapha

1. Kuvunyelwe ukuhlanganisa isitatimende sengozi yezempilo esingaphezu kwesisodwa sobukhulu obulinganayo uma, isibonelo, singekho isikhala esanele kulebula. Isibonelo, isitatimende sengozi ye-H317+H340+H350 sibonisa ukuthi "Kungabangela ukungezwani kwesikhumba, ukukhubazeka kofuzo, nomdlavuza".

2. Isitatimende esiyingozi se-H315+H319 sibonisa “ibangela ukucasuka kwesikhumba nokucasuka okukhulu kwamehlo”.

3. Izitatimende zokuqapha ziyabuyekezwa noma zengezwe ezigabeni ezimbalwa zezingozi ngaphansi kwe-GHS Rev.10. Isibonelo, i-P262, i-P264 kanye ne-P270 yengezwe esigabeni sesi-3 se-acute dermal toxicity. Izinguquko ezinkulu zenziwa ezitatimendeni zokunqanda zokuvikela zokuzwela ukuphefumula kuthebula elilandelayo:

Le nguqulo ebuyekeziwe ithuthukisa kakhulu ukucaca nokucaca kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa, ebamba ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuhlukaniseni amakhemikhali nge-GHS. I-GHS Rev. 10 iphinde inikeze nemininingwane emisha yokwakhiwa nokubuyekezwa kwemithetho ye-GHS emazweni ahlukene, ihlinzeka ngendlela esekelwe ngokwesayensi yokulungiselela amalebula amakhemikhali ayingozi kanye namashidi edatha yokuphepha (SDS).

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