Nakuba ama-CPU kanye Ama-GPU babe nabalandeli abapholile, ngeke benze umsebenzi omuhle uma i-PC ingenalo izinga lokushisa elifanele le-ambient. Yingakho abathengi bedinga abalandeli bamacala ukuze balawule ukushisa okushisayo.
Imvamisa, ama-PC angokwezifiso ahamba nomlandeli oyedwa omubi ngoba abakhiqizi bashiya ukucushwa kwabalandeli kumsebenzisi-futhi lokho kuyinto enhle! Ngaleyo ndlela, abakhi be-PC bakhetha ukusetha okungcono kakhulu kokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuthembeka kwesikhathi eside.
Abathengisi bangakwazi ukubhekana nale makethe ngokuqoqa abalandeli bokupholisa ikhompuyutha. Ngakho-ke, nansi indlela yokuwakhetha ngo-2024.
Okuqukethwe
Izobukeka kanjani imakethe yabalandeli abapholile ngo-2024?
Izinto ezi-5 okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga abalandeli bokupholisa ikhompyutha ozozithengisa ngo-2024
Amazwi wokugcina
Izobukeka kanjani imakethe yabalandeli abapholile ngo-2024?
Abalandeli bokupholisa bayingxenye ebalulekile yokwakha i-PC, futhi imakethe ibone ukukhula okuqhumayo muva nje. Ochwepheshe bayaqaphela ukuthi imakethe yabalandeli emhlabeni jikelele ixazululwe ku-US $ 7.9 billion ngo-2022. Baphinde bathi imakethe izokhula ngaphezu kwe-US $ 21.2 billion ngo-2032 ngenani lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe elingu-10.4% (CAGR).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imakethe ikweleta ukukhula kwayo okukhulayo ngenxa yalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Isidingo esikhulayo samakhompiyutha amageyimu nasebenza kahle kakhulu simiselwe ukukhulisa isidingo sokupholisa abalandeli.
- Inani elandayo lengqalasizinda yesikhungo sedatha kanye nokwenyuka kokwamukelwa kwezinsizakalo ezisekelwe emafini nakho kucindezela isidingo sabalandeli bokupholisa.
Izinto ezi-5 okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga abalandeli bokupholisa ikhompyutha ozozithengisa ngo-2024
1. Ijubane
A Ukupholisa abalandeli isivinini sithinta ngokuqondile amandla ayo okuqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo, futhi indlela engcono kakhulu yokunquma isivinini sefeni iwukuba nge-RPM yayo (ukujikeleza ngomzuzu). Ngokuvamile, ama-RPM aphezulu abangela ukugeleza komoya okukhulu, okuholela ekulahlekeni kokushisa okusheshayo.
Okubaluleke nakakhulu, abalandeli abasheshayo basebenza kahle kakhulu ekunyakazeni umoya ngamasinki okushisa noma ama-radiator, okusiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokupholisa okuphelele kwe-PC. Nokho, abalandeli bejubane eliphezulu ingase futhi idale umsindo owengeziwe.
Ngakho, ukukhetha kubalandeli lokho kulinganisela ukusebenza kokupholisa nomsindo kufanele kube okunye okubalulekile lapho ukhetha abalandeli bokupholisa—ikakhulukazi kubathengi ababeka kuqala izindawo ezinomsindo ophansi.
Nali ithebula elibonisa ububanzi bejubane labalandeli bokupholisa amacala (RPM) kanye nezinhlelo zabo zokusebenza ezifanele:
| Isivinini saphephela | Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele |
| I-RPM Ephansi (800 ukuya ku-1,200) | Laba balandeli bayindlela yokusebenza buthule ezinhlelweni ezingafuneki kangako. |
| I-RPM emaphakathi (1,200 ukuya ku-1,800) | Laba balandeli benza ibhalansi phakathi kokugeleza komoya nomsindo. |
| I-RPM ephezulu (1,800 ukuya ku-2,500+) | Abakhiqizi baklama lawa mafeni ukuze uthole ukugeleza komoya okuphezulu nokusebenza kokupholisa. |
Qaphela: Abanye abalandeli bezehlakalo beza nezilungiselelo zejubane ezilungisekayo, okuvumela abasebenzisi ukuthi benze ngendlela oyifisayo isivinini sabo sokupholisa.
2. Usayizi wabalandeli
Usayizi ngokungangabazeki ubaluleke kakhulu kunejubane lapho ukhetha ukupholisa abalandeli. Kuthonya ukuthi ungakanani umoya ifeni engakwazi ukuwuphusha futhi kuncike ezintweni ezimbili eziyinhloko: indawo engaphezulu yensingo kanye nokuthi iphenduka ngokushesha kangakanani.
Ngokuyisisekelo, abalandeli abakhulu zingakhiqiza umoya omningi ngoba zinama-blade amakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amafeni amakhulu ngokuvamile abangela umsindo omncane kunozakwabo abancane ngenxa yesivinini esiphansi sokuzungeza. Nali ithebula elibonisa osayizi abahlukahlukene babalandeli bokupholisa:
| Usayizi wabalandeli (amamilimitha) | Incazelo |
| 40 mm | Usayizi wefeni wokuya kumakesi we-PC amancane, izipholile ze-CPU ezisezingeni eliphansi, nezivalo ezingezona eze-PC (njengamayunithi e-NAS). Igijima ngama-RPM aphezulu ukuze inikeze ukupholisa okwanele (6,000 RPM kuya phezulu). Abalandeli bamacala angu-40-mm banomsindo omkhulu emakethe. |
| 80 mm | Laba balandeli bavame kakhulu ezimweni ze-mini-ITX. I-80 mm iyindinganiso yezipholile ezisezingeni eliphansi nezihlangene ze-CPU. Ilungele izimo lapho ukupholisa okubuthakathaka kungeyona inkinga. |
| 92 mm | Abalandeli bamacala angu-92-mm bavame kakhulu kuma-PC akhiwe kusengaphambili. |
| 120 mm | Ingenye yamasayizi amafeni okupholisa ajwayeleke kakhulu. 120 mm ingasebenza cishe kunoma iyiphi ikesi le-PC. Inikeza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu kunabalandeli abancane. |
| 140 mm | Usayizi wefenisha wokupholisa wesibili ovame kakhulu. Inikeza ukuthuthuka okuncane kodwa okubalulekile ukusuka kumzala wayo ongu-120 mm. Ilungele amakesi amakhulu aphakathi nendawo nanombhoshongo ogcwele. Ishintshaniswa namafeni angu-120 mm. Inikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngesivinini esiphansi sabalandeli namazinga omsindo. |
| 180 mm | Inikeza ukusebenza kokugeleza komoya okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nabalandeli be-140-mm. Angakwazi ukwedlula iningi lama-140 mm kuma-RPM aphansi, okuwenza alungele ihadiwe epholisa umoya. |
| 200 mm | Lawa masayizi amafeni asebenza kuphela kumakesi amakhulu kakhulu agcwele futhi anombhoshongo omkhulu. Abalandeli be-200-mm baphinde banikeze ukusebenza okuphansi kwe-RPM okumangazayo kodwa kungase kubize kakhulu kunabanye osayizi. |
3. 3-pin noma 4-pin (PWM)?
Abalandeli becala zinikeza inzuzo eyodwa ebalulekile ezenza zibe ukubheja okuphephe kakhulu kokupholisa i-PC: ukulawulwa kwesivinini okusekelwe ku-microprocessor okuhlakaniphile. Ngokuphambene nabalandeli be-DC abajwayelekile abanezintambo ezimbili (amandla e-VCC nomhlabathi), abalandeli becala eliyisisekelo banikeza ucingo olwengeziwe lwamasignali e-tachometer.
Yenzani lesi siginali ye-tachometer? Kuyasiza ukudlulisa i abalandeli becala isivinini sokuzungezisa ngenzwa ye-onboard hall-effect. Ngenxa yalokho, ikhompuyutha ikwazi ukubona kalula futhi ilawule isivinini sefeni, ithole ukulingana okuphelele phakathi kokusebenza okuthulile nokupholisa.
Kodwa-ke, isistimu ilawula isivinini ngokuwisa i-voltage kumiklamo engu-3-pin, esebenza kahle ngesivinini esiphezulu kodwa ingase ithinte isivinini sabalandeli ngendlela engalungile.
Isixazululo? 4-pin abalandeli icala! Nakuba lezi zibiza kakhulu, zixazulula inkinga ye-voltage ngokwengeza intambo eyengeziwe kumasiginali we-PWM (i-pulse width modulation).
4-pin okuhlukile unamathele ku-voltage engaguquki kodwa ulawule isivinini ngokusebenzisa i-high-frequency switching circuitry ukuvula nokuvala abalandeli ngokushesha ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kuyinkimbinkimbi okungeziwe kanye nezingxenye ezengeziwe kwenza abalandeli bamaphini-4 babize kakhulu kunozakwabo abangamaphini angu-3.
4. Izinhlobo zokuzala
Uhlobo lokuzala lunquma a abalandeli becala ubude besikhathi sokuphila, izindleko, nomsindo wokusebenza, ngakho-ke kungenye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokuqoqa abaxhasi bamacala. Amabhizinisi angakhetha ezinhlotsheni ezintathu ezihlukene zokuthwala, ezichazwe ngezansi:
- Ama-sleeve bearings: Lezi zinhlobo ezithwalayo zivamile kubalandeli abashibhe kakhulu. Banikeza ukusebenza okuthulile ekusebenziseni kwabo kokuqala kodwa bakhiqiza umsindo owengeziwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Abalandeli abanama-sleebearing nabo abathembekile kodwa bazowenza umsebenzi kubathengi ngesabelomali.
- Ama-double ball bearings: Lokhu kunikeza imiklamo enokwehliswana okuncishisiwe, okusiza ekweluleni impilo yabalandeli futhi ivumele ukusetshenziswa kokuma okuningi. Zilungele abasebenzisi abangenandaba nomsindo owengeziwe ekusetheni kwabo ukupholisa.
- Ama-Fluid dynamic bearings: Lawa ma-hybrids ahlanganisa ukusebenza okuthulile kwama-sleebe bearings nokuthembeka kwama-ball bearings. Abalandeli abanjalo banikeza isikhathi eside kakhulu sempilo kuyilapho besekela ukufakwa kokuma okuningi, futhi bayindlela eya kubathengi abafuna izinketho ezingcono kakhulu ngaphandle kwentengo.
5. Ukujiya kwefeni
Ukushuba kwabalandeli (imvamisa i-10 mm kuya ku-40 mm yama-PC edeskithophu) ibalulekile ekugelezeni komoya okufanele. Abalandeli abashubile banikeza ukusebenza okungcono kakhulu ngenxa yemiklamo yabo evumela izindwani eziphakeme, ezivumela ukuthi zidwebe emoyeni owengeziwe ngokuzungezisa ngakunye.
Ukwengeza, ukujula okukhuphukile kanye nohlaka olujiyile kuthuthukisa indawo engaphezulu kwe-blade futhi kuthuthukise umphumela wokumunca, okuholela ekucindezelweni okuphezulu okumile. Njengomthetho ojwayelekile wesithupha, abalandeli abakhulu bahlala bengcono kunozakwabo abancane.
Amazwi wokugcina
Ukuphatha okushisayo kuyingxenye edingekayo yokwakha i-PC enquma ukuthi ukwakhiwa kuzokwenza noma kugcine kanjani. Yize izingxenye eziningi ezifana nama-GPU, ama-CPU, nama-PSU eza nezinhlelo zokupholisa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi, zizodinga ukwesekwa kwabalandeli bamacala ukuze zisebenze kahle.
Manje njengoba abathengi bengakwazi ukwakha ama-PC ngaphandle kokupholisa kahle, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukusizakala ngalesi sidingo ngokunikeza abalandeli abahlukahlukene bokupholisa amakhompyutha.
Ungakhathazeki ngokuthi imakethe izoba nzima kakhulu. Lesi sihloko sihlinzeka ngakho konke abathengisi abakudingayo ukuze benze okunikezwayo okuhle kakhulu ngo-2024!
