Ucwaningo olusha oluvela e-Austria luqhathanise amasu ahlukene okukhiqiza ukushisa ezimbonini futhi lithole ukuthi amaphampu okushisa omoya noma anamandla elanga ayisixazululo esishibhe kakhulu nesivumelana nemvelo.
Isithombe: U-Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Ukukhiqiza Okuqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa. CC BY 4.0
Ithimba labacwaningi e-Johannes Kepler University Linz e-Austria liphakamise ukuthi abenzi bezinqubomgomo baxhase amaphrojekthi ezimboni ngokusebenzisa amaphampu okushisa ukuze bakhiqize isitimu ngenani lama-€3 ($3.2) igigajoule ngayinye (GJ). Lokho kuwumphumela wokuhlaziywa kwentengo yomthelela wemvelo wezindlela ezihlukene zesitimu, okutholwe amaphampu okushisa asebenza ngamandla avuselelekayo abengabizi kakhulu. "Uma kucatshangelwa i-43.20 Terajoules (TJ) ekhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokuphila kwesitshalo, uxhaso lwe-€ 129,600 lungakhokhwa," kusho abacwaningi.
Nakuba ucwaningo lugxile emandleni omoya njengomthombo kagesi ovuselelekayo, umbhali-mbisene uLukas Zeilerbauer utshele. pv umagazini ukuthi ukusebenzisa amandla elanga kufanele kuveze imiphumela efana kakhulu. "I-PV ngokuvamile inomthelela ophezulu ekufudumeni komhlaba kunamandla omoya, kodwa-ke isephansi kakhulu kunabathwali bamandla ezinto ezimbiwa phansi," esho. "I-PV ikhombisa inani lethunzi elingu-€1.46 ($1.58), ngakho-ke icishe ifane nomoya."
Ephepheni elithi “Ukuhlolwa komjikelezo wempilo kanye nezindleko zethunzi zesitimu esikhiqizwe iphampu yokushisa enezinga lokushisa eliphezulu elingasezimbonini,” elishicilelwe ngo Ukukhiqiza Okuqhubekayo kanye Nokusetshenziswa, ososayensi bachaza ukuthi basebenzisa i-Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) ukuze baqhathanise amasu ahlukene okukhiqiza umusi asetshenziswa esikalini sezimboni, okuhlanganisa amaphampu okushisa aphezulu (HTHPs). Amanye amasu okwenza isitimu ahlanganisa izinqubo ze-steam-biogas, izinqubo eziqinile ze-biomass, nezinye izinqubo ezisekelwe kugesi yemvelo kanye namafutha kawoyela alula.
Abacwaningi bacabangele izimo ezimbili ezihlukene, eyodwa lapho umusi ukhiqizwa khona ngomfutho we-2-bar kanye ne-5-bar pressure. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo, bacabangele ukusetshenziswa kukagesi womoya noma wegridi.
"Indaba nezindlela ze-LCA ukuthi ngokuvamile ziqukethe izigaba ezingaphezu kweshumi zokulimala ngakho-ke imiphumela ehlukene ebhekana nezindawo ezahlukene, futhi kunzima ukuthola izici zokulinganisa phakathi kwale miphumela ehluke kakhulu," kuchaza iqembu locwaningo. “Kodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baye bahlongoza ukuthi kusetshenziswe amanani emali kusenesikhathi. Enye yalezo zindlela intengo yethunzi, enombono oyisisekelo wokuthi ekugcineni uhulumeni, omele abantu bakhe, kufanele 'alungise' umonakalo owenziwe endaweni ezungezile ngakho-ke unentshisekelo yokunciphisa lezi zindleko.”
Akumangalisi ukuthi izifundiswa zathola inhlanganisela yamaphampu okushisa anamandla omoya inezindleko eziphansi kakhulu ze-€1.44 i-GJ ngayinye esimweni samabha angu-2, kanye no-€2.24 esimweni samabha angu-5. Ukushintsha amandla omoya abe yingxube yegridi yaseSpain kubangele amanani e-LCA angu-€3.83 nama-€6.23 ngokulandelanayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biomass eqinile yenqubo yesitimu kwakunenani lemvelo lika-€17.2 i-GJ ngayinye, futhi uwoyela kaphethiloli omncane ubiza u-€9.81.
Isithombe: U-Johannes Kepler Universität Linz, Ukukhiqiza Okuqhubekayo nokusetshenziswa. CC BY 4.0
Uma ubheka kabanzi emiphumeleni yezemvelo yezindlela ezahlukene, ucwaningo luthole isimo esihle kakhulu sokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-greenhouse engama-98%. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinyathelo zemvelo zibonise imiphumela exubile kakhulu, njengoba, isibonelo, imiphumela ehlobene nobuthi iguquguquka phakathi kwamaphampu okushisa namabhentshimakhi.
“Okutholakele obekungalindelekile ukuthi uketshezi olusebenzayo kanye nokuvuza kwalo akuzange kube negalelo elikhulu ekuvuthweni kokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kodwa cishe yikona kuphela okubangela amandla okuncipha kwe-ozone,” kuqokomisa abacwaningi. Bacabange ukusebenzisa u-R134a njengoketshezi olusebenzayo, njengoba kuyilona lodwa olunolwazi olutholakala ezincwadini zezemfundo ze-LCA.
I-HTHP ehloliwe kulolu cwaningo yakhelwe ukusetshenziswa kulayini wokukhetha wesitshalo sensimbi eSpain. Inamandla okuhlinzeka ngokushisa okungama-250 kW futhi ihlanganisa ne-flash tank eklanywe ngokwezifiso yokukhiqiza isitimu, kanye nephampu yokujikeleza.
"Nakuba iphampu yokushisa ekhiqiza umusi ecatshangelwe kulolu cwaningo yayiklanyelwe ukuthi isetshenziswe emgqeni wokuqeda wesitshalo sensimbi, imiphumela yalolu cwaningo ingasetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni eziningi zezimboni, njengoba umusi uyisithwala sokushisa endaweni yonke yezinqubo eziningi zezimboni," kuchaza izifundiswa. "Le futhu lokushisa lingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi enye inqubo edinga isitimu esinengcindezi ephansi esingafika kumabha ama-5."
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