Phambi kukaNobhala Wezwe we-Rhineland-Palatinate Wezindaba Zomnotho, uPetra Dick-Walther, kanye nabezindaba bamazwe ngamazwe, u-Andreas Gorbach, Ilungu Lebhodi Lokuphathwa Kweloli likaDaimler, kanye noJuergen Nowicki, oyi-CEO ye-Linde Engineering, bavule i-subcooled liquid hydrogen yokuqala yokuqala (sLH2) Mercedes-Benz GenH2 Truck prototype.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, onjiniyela bakwa-Daimler Truck kanye ne-Linde Engineering baye basungula ngokuhlanganyela i-sLH2, inqubo entsha yokuphatha i-subcooled liquid hydrogen. Uma iqhathaniswa ne-hydrogen enegesi, le ndlela emisha ivumela ukuminyana kwesitoreji okuphezulu, ububanzi obuningi, ukufakwa kwe-fuel ngokushesha, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamandla okuphakeme. Ukufaka uphethiloli kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu elolini elisindayo elingamathani angu-40, elithwele u-80 kg we-hydrogen ewuketshezi ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-1,000 nangaphezulu.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe obusha be-sLH2 behlisa ukutshalwa kwezimali okudingekayo kwesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-hydrogen ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kwezintathu, futhi izindleko zokusebenza ziphansi izikhathi ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisithupha. Namuhla, i-hydrogen ewuketshezi ingahlinzekwa ngokuthembekile kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe obujwayelekile bokugcwalisa uketshezi lwe-hydrogen (LH2), inqubo entsha isebenzisa iphampu entsha ye-sLH2 ukukhulisa kancane ukucindezela kwe-hydrogen enguketshezi. Ngale ndlela, i-hydrogen iba i-subcooled liquid hydrogen (sLH2). I-Hydrojeni kulesi sifundazwe isiza inqubo yokufaka uphethiloli enamandla kakhulu egcina futhi ukulahleka kwamandla ngesikhathi sokugcwalisa kube kuncane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwesiteshi sokugcwalisa i-refueling nemoto okudingekayo, okunciphisa ngokwengeziwe ubunzima besixazululo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umthamo we-refueling ukhushulwa emazingeni amasha. Isiteshi sokushayela umshayeli sinamandla angama-400 kg we-hydrogen ewuketshezi ngehora. Uma kuqhathaniswa nemiqondo evamile yokugcwalisa uketshezi noma igesi ye-hydrogen, i-sLH2 ilula kakhulu ngenkathi iletha ukusebenza okwengeziwe.
Kuhloswe ukusungula indinganiso evamile yokufaka uphethiloli emalolini anamandla e-hydrogen, ubuchwepheshe benziwa butholakale ngokusobala kubo bonke abathintekayo ngendinganiso ye-ISO.
Izinto zokuthutha ezikhipha i-Zero-emission zidinga izinto ezintathu: izimoto ezifanele zikagesi ezisebenza ngebhethri ne-hydrogen, inethiwekhi yengqalasizinda edingekayo kanye nokulingana kwezindleko zama-ZEV uma kuqhathaniswa namaloli edizili. Mayelana nezimoto, uguquko luhamba phambili. Mayelana nengqalasizinda ye-hydrogen, sifinyelela ingqopha-mlando enkulu namuhla: Nge-sLH2, ukufaka i-hydrogen refueling kuba lula njengokugcwalisa kwanamuhla udizili. Kuthatha cishe imizuzu eyi-10 kuya kweyi-15 ukugcwalisa iloli lethu iMercedes-Benz GenH2 ibanga elingaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-1,000. Manje sesicela amanye ama-OEM nezinkampani zengqalasizinda ukuthi zilandele indlela yethu futhi ngokuhlanganyela zenze lobu buchwepheshe bube yizinga lemboni.
—U-Andreas Gorbach, Ilungu Lebhodi Lokuphatha le-Daimler Truck AG, elibhekele Ubuchwepheshe Bamaloli
Isiteshi esisha somphakathi sokuthela uphethiloli i-sLH2 e-Wörth am Rhein, eJalimane, sibeka ibhentshimakhi mayelana nokusebenza kahle kwamandla nokusebenza. Ngokusetshenziswa kwamandla okungu-0.05 KWh/kg kuphela, kudinga amandla angaphansi ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-30 uma kuqhathaniswa nokufakwa kabusha kwe-hydrogen okunegesi okujwayelekile.
Isiteshi sokuthela uphethiloli sinonyawo oluncane olungamamitha-skwele angama-50 kuphela (hhayi ukufaka i-dispenser) futhi sivumela ukucushwa lapho kungenzeka khona izihlinzeki ezimbalwa zokugcwaliswa kukaphethiloli okuhambisanayo kwamaloli, kanye nokufaka uphethiloli okubuyela emuva.
Ithangi lokugcina i-hydrogen eliwuketshezi linomthamo wamathani amane, anele cishe amahora ayishumi okugcwalisa amafutha angami. Khonamanjalo, amandla esiteshi sikaphethiloli i-sLH2 anganyuswa abe ngaphezu kwamathani ayisishiyagalombili ngosuku ngokugcwaliswa kabusha. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi kokuqala kanye nezindleko zokusebenza kobuchwepheshe be-sLH2 kulindeleke ukuthi ekugcineni kuphumele ezindlekweni eziphelele zobunikazi.
Ngokungafani nokufakwa kabusha kwe-hydrogen (LH2) okuwuketshezi lwamanje, inqubo ye-sLH2 ifana nokuba lula kobuchwepheshe bamanje bokugcwalisa udizili. Ngenxa yokwahlukanisa okuqinile kwepayipi lokugcwalisa kanye nokuklama kwezindawo zokusebenzelana phakathi kwe-nozzle nethangi likaphethiloli, inqubo iphephile ngaphandle kokuchitheka okungenzeka. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo zokuvikela ezidingekayo zokugcwalisa i-sLH2 ziqhathaniswa nalezo ezidingekayo kudizili.
Phakathi nenqubo yokufaka uphethiloli, i-cryogenic liquid hydrogen ekuminus 253 degrees Celsius ingagcwaliswa emathangeni amabili axhunyiwe angu-40 kg afakwe nhlangothi zombili ze-chassis yeloli ngaphandle kwesidingo segiya elikhethekile lokuphepha. Ubuchwepheshe be-sLH2 buvumela ukulethwa kokugeleza okuphezulu okungaphezu kuka-400 kg we-hydrogen ngehora futhi ukugcwalisa u-80 kg we-hydrogen ewuketshezi kungaqedwa ngemizuzu eyishumi kuya kweyishumi nanhlanu.
(A) Uhlolojikelele lwe-interface evuthayo-izingxenye; (B) Ukubuka konke kwemingcele yesistimu nesixhumi esibonakalayo esigxile emzamweni wokulinganisa ogqanyiswe ebhokisini elibomvu. I-Pizzutilo et al.
Okokugcina, inqubo entsha igwema lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi yimiphumela yokubilisa kanye “negesi yokubuyisela” (igesi ephuma ethangini lemoto ebuyela endaweni yokugcwalisa) ngakho-ke kudingeka umlomo wombhobho owodwa kuphela ukugcwalisa amathangi, okwenza ubuchwepheshe be-sLH2 buphatheke kalula. Isiteshi esisha sokuthela uphethiloli e-Wörth sizonikezwa i-hydrogen enguketshezi nguLinde, enomthamo omkhulu we-hydrogen owuketshezi kanye nohlelo lokusabalalisa emhlabeni.
Kusukela maphakathi no-2024 kuya phambili, izinkampani ezinhlanu kulindeleke ukuthi zibambe iqhaza ezivivinyweni zokuqala zamakhasimende ukuze zithole ulwazi lokuqala ku-CO.2-mahhala ezokuthutha amabanga amade nge Mercedes-Benz GenH2 Trucks. Ogandaganda abayi-semi-trailer bazosatshalaliswa ezindaweni ezihlukene zohambo olude emizileni ethize engaphakathi kweJalimane, futhi bazothelelwa uphethiloli esiteshini esivulekile manje esisesidlangalaleni sokuthela uphethiloli i-sLH2 e-Wörth am Rhein nasesiteshini sokuthela uphethiloli endaweni yaseDuisburg.
Resources
- I-Pizzutilo, u-Enrico, uThomas Acher, uBenjamin Reuter, uChristian Will, noSimon Schäfer (2024) "I-Subcooled Liquid Hydrogen Technology for Heavy-Duty Trucks" I-World Electric Vehicle Journal 15, no. 1: 22. doi: 10.3390/wevj15010022 (ukufinyelela okuvulekile)
Umthombo ovela I-Green Car Congress
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwa i-greencarcongress.com ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
