Umhlahlandlela Okufanele Wazi Wokuthumela Izimpahla Zase-Ocean

Impahla yasolwandle, noma impahla yasolwandle, ingachazwa kalula njengokuthutha impahla emazweni omhlaba ngolwandle, isuka kwelinye izwe iye kwelinye, noma isuka kwelinye ichweba iye kwelinye. Kuyindlela ethembekile futhi esungulwe kahle yokuthutha impahla, futhi isebenza kahle kakhulu emikhiqizweni emikhulu neyisisindo esindayo, kanye nokuthunyelwa ngobuningi. Ukuthutha olwandle ishibhile kunomoya, kodwa isikhathi sokuhamba esikhumulweni semikhumbi siye ethekwini singahluka ngenxa yezinhlelo zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ukusebenza kwechweba (okuhlanganisa ukulayisha nokuthulula), kanye nomzila wokuthutha okhethiwe.

Uma uzama ukunquma ukuthi ukuthutha olwandle kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuthutha yezidingo zakho zokusebenza, qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole uhlu oluphelele lokuthi ukuthunyelwa kwempahla olwandle kusebenza kanjani, nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezibalulekile okudingeka uzikhumbule lapho uhlela ukuthunyelwa kwakho.

Okuqukethwe
Kuyini umkhumbi wezimpahla zasolwandle?
Kusebenza kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla olwandle?
Izindlela zokuhweba eziyinhloko
Ukubhuka nokulayishwa kwesiqukathi
Ukufika kwechweba nokwehliswa kwesitsha
Ukubhuka ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ne-LCL ku-Chovm.com
Amathiphu wokugcina

Kuyini umkhumbi wezimpahla zasolwandle?

Izimpahla zasolwandle zilayishwa emikhunjini kungaba esitsheni sokuthumela esivalekile, noma uma sisikhulu futhi siyinqwaba, zilayishwa njengoba zinjalo. Abathumeli abaningi bangakhokhela umthwalo ogcwele weziqukathi (i-FCL), noma balayishe izimpahla zabo ngaphansi komthwalo wesitsha esigcwele (LCL) ngezimpahla zelinye ikhasimende.

Lapho abathumeli bethenga indawo, baqasha isitsha esigcwele, noma isikhala ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi esigcwele kancane. Intengo oyikhokhayo izonqunywa inani lamanje lemakethe, umzila okhethiwe, nanoma yiziphi izinkokhelo ezengeziwe. 

Isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze umkhumbi usuke kwelinye ichweba uye kwelinye sizoncika kuqala ekutheni umkhumbi usuzohamba nini—futhi ungase ungahambi izinsuku ezimbalwa lapho ulayisha—bese kuba sendleleni ekhethiwe. Izikhathi zokuhamba ukusuka echwebeni ukuya echwebeni aziguquki kahle kodwa zingahluka kancane phakathi nonyaka noma zingashintsha kuye ngezimo zezulu.

Ngokuvamile, izindleko zokuthumela zikhokhiswa isikhala sesitsha. Kodwa-ke, kunezisindo eziphezulu zesitsha ngasinye, ngakho-ke uma imikhiqizo yakho isinda kakhulu futhi iminyene, ungase ufinyelele umkhawulo wesisindo sesitsha ngaphambi kokusigcwalisa ngempahla yakho.

Kusebenza kanjani ukuthunyelwa kwempahla olwandle?

Kusukela kwethulwa ukufakwa kweziqukathi, izimpahla zipakishwa ezitsheni ngaphambi kokuba zifike emkhunjini, bese zingalayishwa kalula, ngokushesha nangempumelelo, bese zipakishwa ngokuminyene.

Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zeziqukathi

Ngokuvamile kunezinhlobo ezine nosayizi weziqukathi nakuba kukhona ukuhluka kwamazwe ngamazwe. Iziqukathi ezijwayelekile ezingama-20ft nezingu-40ft zinobubanzi bangaphandle obungu-8ft nobude obungu-8ft 6in. Kukhona nezinguqulo eziphakeme zazo ngayinye enenguqulo engu-9ft 6in yobude yazo zombili iziqukathi ze-cube eziphakeme ezingama-20ft nezingu-40ft. Lezi zinhlobo ezine zibizwa nge-20GP, 40GP, 20HC kanye ne-40HC ngokulandelanayo. Umthamo wangaphakathi uzoncishiswa ngobubanzi bezindonga zikathayela kanye nephansi.

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zesisindo somthamo weziqukathi, eziphawulwe ngaphandle kweminyango yesiqukathi.

• Isisindo sokhula yisisindo sesitsha esingenalutho. 
• I-payload, noma isisindo esiphelele, yisisindo esiphezulu somthwalo esingakwazi ukusibamba. 
• Isisindo se-gross yisisindo se-tare kanye nesisindo somthwalo okhokhelwayo, ngakho lokhu kumelela isisindo esiphelele esiphezulu sesiqukathi.

FCL vs LCL ukuthunyelwa

A Isiqukathi esigcwele sibizwa nge-FCL (Umthwalo Ogcwele Wesitsha). Uma ukuthunyelwa kwakho kukuncane, kungathunyelwa njenge-LCL (Ngaphansi Komthwalo Wesitsha), ipakishwe esisekelweni sayo se-pallet, futhi ilayishwe esitsheni esinempahla yabanye abantu ukuze igcwalise isiqukathi. Ukulayisha/ukukhipha i-pallet(ama)phalethi akho namanye amaphalethi amaklayenti kubizwa ngokuthi 'ukugxumeka/ukungagxili' futhi kuletha inkokhiso eyengeziwe. Amaphalethi angabekeki angase angenise inkokhiso eyengeziwe engabekeki. 

I-LCL ivamise ukubiza kakhulu ngephalethi ngayinye, futhi ivikeleke kancane ekugxumeni, ekungagxilini nasekuthuthweni komhlaba. Iziqukathi ze-FCL zingahlala zikhiyiwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha, ngaphandle uma kwenzeka kubhekwa izinto ezijwayelekile, futhi impahla ingahanjiswa iye ezweni ngokuphephile ngaphakathi kwesiqukathi. 

Kukhona ikhefu lezindleko phakathi kwenani lamaphalethi athunyelwe i-LCL ngokumelene ne-FCL, lapho cishe amaphalethi angu-5-6 izindleko ze-LCL ziqala ukuba ziningi noma zibe ngaphezu kokuthatha isiqukathi esiphelele (kodwa esigcwaliswe kancane) esingu-20ft FCL.  

Nakuba isisindo se-gross container siyisici, ukucatshangelwa okukhulu kokugcwalisa isitsha ukuthi ingakanani impahla engalayishwa kuso. Umthumeli wakho wezimpahla uzokweluleka ngokuthi ukuthunyelwa kuhlanganiswe kangcono njenge-LCL, noma ukuthi kuzothatha isiqukathi esiphelele sodwa njenge-FCL, sifaka izindleko, isikhathi sokuthutha kanye nokuphepha.

Izindlela zokuhweba eziyinhloko

Ngemikhumbi yolwandle kunezinketho eziningi okufanele uzicabangele. Ukukhetha inkampani yokuthutha olwandle, usuku lokusuka, kanye nohlelo lokuhamba ngomkhumbi konke kuthinta uchungechunge lokuhlinzekwa komthengi ongaphandle kanye nokuhlelwa kokuthunyelwa kwempahla. Kukhona futhi izinketho zomzila nezindleko kanye nemiphumela yezokuthutha ezihamba phansi. Uma umzila owuthandayo usukhethiwe, ungakwazi ke ukuthola umkhumbi ofanele kanye nosuku lokusuka, bhukha indawo emkhunjini futhi uhlele ukudluliswa kokuthunyelwa nokulayisha.

Kunenombolo yemizila emikhulu yemikhumbi esempumalanga ukuya entshonalanga, kanye nentshonalanga ukuya empumalanga, enemizila eminingi elandela imizila ethile enqunywe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kukhona ukuguquguquka okuncane ukulungisa imizila ehleliwe.

Imigudu yokuhweba yesifunda ephezulu emithathu ihlukaniswe ngale ndlela:

1. I-Asia ukuya eNyakatho Melika, I-Transpacific Routes Eastbound (TPEB) 
2. I-Asia ukuya e-Europe, Far East Westbound (FEWB) 
3. Imizila ye-Intra-Asia

Izikhathi zokuhamba ngomkhumbi zisuka e-China zingathatha cishe izinsuku eziyi-13-20 ukufika ogwini olusentshonalanga lwase-US ngomzila we-Transpacific Route Eastbound, noma uma udlula ePanama Canal ukuya ogwini olusempumalanga yase-US cishe izinsuku ezingama-30-32. 

Umzila wendabuko osuka e-Asia uye e-Europe udlula e-Far East Westbound udlula eSouth China Sea, i-Malacca Strait, i-Indian Ocean kanye ne-Suez Canal. Lo mzila osuka eChina uvamise ukuthatha izinsuku ezingama-35-40. 

Ukubhuka nokulayishwa kwesiqukathi

Ukuqinisekiswa kokuthumela

Uma imininingwane yokuthunyelwa isiqediwe, isiqukathi singabhukhwa emkhunjini ofanele. Umthumeli wempahla uzokwazi ukufinyelela kubathwali abaningi futhi angaxoxisana ngamanani akhethekile asekelwe kumthamo ophelele womngenisi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ungabhukha ngokuqondile ngolayini wokuthumela, kodwa bazobhukha kuphela komunye wemikhumbi yabo.

Ukuqamba okusha kwakamuva ukubhukha endaweni yemakethe yezimpahla ehlanganisa amanani okuthumela futhi inikeza izinketho ezihlukahlukene, njenge Izimpahla ze-Chovm.com, enikwa amandla yiFreightos.

Ukufika kwechweba nokwehliswa kwesitsha

Ukusebenza kwechweba kanye namaloli

Izinhlobo ezimbili zemishini eyinhloko yokuhambisa iziqukathi egcekeni lokubeka impahla bese uzifaka emalolini amaganti erabha kanye nezitaki.

Ama-gantries angamasondo erabha anamasondo, futhi angama-cranes amakhulu akwazi ukugwedla ngokugcwele iziqukathi. Ama-gantries amakhulu angase asebenze kumathrekhi futhi anqamule imigqa eminingana yeziqukathi.

Izitaki zokufinyelela zinengalo ende yokupakisha iziqukathi imigqa embalwa ejulile, noma ukuzihambisa kuma-semi-trailer nasezimotweni zesitimela.

Ukugwema amacala okuvalela kanye nokwehlisa imali

Izindleko ze-Demurrage zihlobene nesikhathi isiqukathi singaphakathi kwetheminali ngemva kokufika. Ukuvalelwa kuyinkokhiso yokusebenzisa isikhathi eside isiqukathi ngokwaso, size sibuyiswe singenalutho kulayini wokuthumela. Ukwehliswa nokuboshwa kungaholela ezinkulungwaneni zamadola ezinkokhelweni ze-diem ngayinye.

Ukuze ugweme izindleko ze-demurrage, hambisa iziqukathi zakho ngaphandle kwechweba uma sezikhishiwe emkhunjini. Ngokuvamile uvunyelwe izinsuku ezingu-3-5 zamahhala kuze kube yilapho izindleko ze-demurrage ziqala ukukhokhiswa.

Ukuvalelwa kubhekisela esikhathini lapho isiqukathi singaphandle kwetheku, lapho umthumeli ebambelela esitsheni ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezivunyelwe zamahhala. Ukubuyisela isiqukathi esingenalutho ngokushesha kuvumela abangenisi ukuthi bagweme izindleko zokuboshwa.

Ukubhuka ukuthunyelwa kwe-FCL ne-LCL ku-Chovm.com

Izilinganiso zempahla zasolwandle, okuhlanganisa amanani e-FCL kanye ne-LCL, ayatholakala ku- Chovm.com futhi on Izimpahla ze-Chovm.com emizila eminingi.

Amathiphu wokugcina

Ukuthuthwa kwempahla olwandle kusewumgogodla wemakethe yokuhwebelana ngempahla yamazwe ngamazwe njengoba cishe u-80-90% wazo zonke izinto ezihambayo emhlabeni wonke ezihamba ngolwandle. Ezintweni ezincane kukhona ukukhetha kwemodi yokuthutha, kodwa ezimpahleni ezinkulu izinketho zikhawulelwe emizileni ende ehamba phezu komhlaba, noma umkhumbi olwandle. 

Izikhathi zokuhamba ukusuka echwebeni ukuya echwebeni kungenzeka kube amasonto ambalwa kuye ngomzila, kodwa isikhathi eside sokuhamba siza ngezindleko eziphansi kunezomoya. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuthutha olwandle kuzoqhubeka kube indlela yokuthutha ekhethwayo ekuthunyelweni okukhulu, okusindayo nokukhulu, lapho izikhathi zokuhamba zamaviki ambalwa zamukelekile nalapho izindleko ziyisici esibalulekile.

Ingabe ufuna isixazululo sezinhlelo zokusebenza esinamanani ancintisanayo, ukubonakala okugcwele, nokusekelwa kwamakhasimende okufinyeleleka kalula? Hlola I-Chovm.com Logistics Marketplace namuhla.