Umhlahlandlela Okufanele Wazi Wokuthumela Amadokhumenti

Kubalulekile ukuthola imibhalo yakho yokuthumela kahle lapho uthumela izimpahla zakho emazweni ngamazwe. Ufuna ukuthunyelwa kusuke kokwangempela kuye endaweni ngokushelela futhi ngaphandle kokubambezeleka. Noma yimaphi amaphutha noma okushiywe kunoma imaphi amadokhumenti okuthumela kungabamba ukuthunyelwa kwakho kungenasidingo.

Lesi sihloko sichaza imibhalo ebalulekile yokuthumela ozoyidinga, nokuthi iyiphi injongo yaleyo mibhalo efezwayo. 

Okuqukethwe
Ukubaluleka kwamadokhumenti okuthunyelwa
Izidingo zolwazi lomkhiqizo
Izinhlobo zenkontileka yenqola
Imicabango yokugcina mayelana nokuthumela amadokhumenti

Ukubaluleka kwamadokhumenti okuthunyelwa

Amadokhumenti okuthumela impahla ahlinzeka ngolwazi okufanele lusetshenziswe isiphathimandla sempahla yezwe elithumelayo, inkampani/abathwali abathutha ukuthunyelwa, kanye nesiphathimandla sezokuthutha sezwe elingenisayo. Amadokhumenti awela ezindaweni ezine ezibalulekile:

• ulwazi mayelana nemikhiqizo ethunyelwayo
• isivumelwano esisemthethweni sokuhamba phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlangothi
• izimemezelo namalayisense adingekayo ukuze uthekelise
• izimemezelo namalayisense adingekayo ukuze kungeniswe

Ukuthumela amadokhumenti ngolwazi lomkhiqizo

Ulwazi lomkhiqizo lubalulekile kunkampani ngayinye ehilelekile ekuthunyelweni, ukwazi ukuthi yini ethunyelwayo, yayiyini imigomo yokuthengisa nokuthenga, nokuthi ingabe izimpahla zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, noma ukugunyazwa namalayisense. Amadokhumenti okuthumela ahlinzeka ngalolu lwazi lomkhiqizo ahlanganisa:

• i-invoyisi yezentengiso
• uhlu lokupakisha
• isitifiketi sokuzalwa
• isitifiketi sokuhlola

Amadokhumenti okuthumela engeziwe

Ezinye izinhlobo zemibhalo zingadingeka kuye ngohlobo lwempahla. Isibonelo, izinto ezingase zibhekwe njengeziyingozi zingase zidinge ifomu lezimpahla eziyingozi noma amashidi edatha okuphepha okubalulekile.

Inkontileka Yenqola

Inkontileka Yenqola yinkontileka okuvunyelwene ngayo phakathi komthumeli nomthwali wokuthuthwa kwempahla. Inkontileka Yenqola ibeka obala imigomo, imibandela, izibopho, izikweletu kanye nezibopho zeqembu ngalinye maqondana nokuthwalwa kwezimpahla. A I-invoyisi isetshenziselwa abathwali basolwandle kanye ne-Air Waybill ye abathwali bezimpahla zomoya.

Izimemezelo namalayisense adingekayo ukuze kuthekeliswe

Isiphathimandla sentela yokuthekelisa singase sidinge ukuthunyelwa kwakho ukuthi kube nelayisense yokuthekelisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokuvumela impahla yakho ukuthi ithunyelwe. Amazwe amaningi ngokuvamile alawula izinhlobo zezinto ezingathunyelwa zisuka emazweni awo, ukuze kuvikelwe izimboni namasiko awo. Bangase futhi balawule ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezingathunyelwa ezweni okuya kulo, futhi banqume ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zinto kanye nenani elingathunyelwa ngaphandle.

The amalayisensi okuthekelisa adingekayo kuzoncika ohlotsheni lwemikhiqizo, uhlobo lomsebenzi, nezwe okuyiwa kulo. Amadokhumenti okuthekelisa engeziwe angase adingeke.

Izimemezelo namalayisense adingekayo ukuze kungeniswe

Isiphathimandla sentela engenayo singase sidinge ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwakho kube nelayisense eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kuvunyelwe izimpahla zakho ukuthi zingeniswe. Amazwe alawula ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinto ezingangeniswa ezweni lawo ngendlela efanayo njengoba amazwe elawula lokho okungathunyelwa ngaphandle.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamalayisense okungenisa ezweni adingwa isiphathimandla sentela engenayo futhi kungase kube nenani leminyango kahulumeni ehlukene ehilelekile ekugunyazweni.

Izidingo zolwazi lomkhiqizo

I-invoyisi yezentengiso

The i-invoyisi yezentengiso yidokhumenti yomthetho phakathi komthengisi (umthumeli kwamanye amazwe) kanye nomthengi (ongenisa kwamanye amazwe) enemininingwane yezimpahla ezithengiswayo kanye nenani ikhasimende okufanele likhokhelwe. I-invoyisi yezimpahla ezikhishwe umthengisi kumthengi. I-invoyisi yezohwebo ingenye yemibhalo ebalulekile esetshenziswa amasiko ukuze kutholwe inani lempahla kanye nentela yempahla.  

Inani elimenyezelwe yinani lokuthenga phakathi komthengi nomthengisi, hhayi inani lezimpahla lapho zithengiswa emakethe yendawo.

Uhlu lokupakisha

Abathumeli bempahla, abathwali kanye nezikhulu zezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngaphandle bonke basebenzisa uhlu lokupakisha ukuze bahlole impahla engokoqobo kanye nokubhukha indawo yokuthumela. Uhlu lokupakisha luchaza okuqukethwe kokuthunyelwe, kanye nokupakishwa okuhlanganisa uhlobo (isb. ibhokisi, ikhreyithi, isigubhu), inani lamaphakheji, nesisindo esiphelele.

Isitifiketi Somsuka

Amanye amazwe angenisayo adinga isitifiketi semvelaphi ukuze akhombe ukuthi izimpahla zakhiqizwa kuphi, futhi lokhu kungase kudingeke ngisho noma lolu lwazi belufakiwe ku-invoyisi yokuthengisa. Amazwe angenisayo angase abe nemikhawulo yokungenisa evela emazweni athile noma afake amanani entengo eyengeziwe, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi izwe lendabuko langempela limenyezelwe ngendlela efanele.

Isitifiketi sokuhlola

Isitifiketi Sokuhlola sithi izimpahla ekuthunyelweni zihlolwe isiphathimandla esinekhono, futhi zithobela imigomo nemibandela eshiwo kunkontileka yokuthengisa.

• Isitifiketi Sokuhlola Esisemthethweni sisetshenziswa iziphathimandla zentela ukuze zihlole futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi izimpahla ezithunyelwayo zinjengoba kuchazwe ku-invoyisi yezohwebo.
• Isitifiketi Sokuhlolwa Kwezentengiso sigcwaliswa kumthengi ngaphambi kokuthunyelwa ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi izimpahla ezikhiqiziwe ziyayithobela yini imigomo yenkontileka yokuthengisa, kanye nokuhlangabezana nekhwalithi yokukhiqiza okuvunyelwene ngayo kanye nezinye izicaciso zenkontileka.

Izinhlobo zenkontileka yenqola

I-invoyisi

I-Bill of Lading (BOL) iwubufakazi benkontileka yenqola, esetshenziselwa ukuthuthwa kwempahla olwandle, phakathi komnikazi wezimpahla kanye nomthwali. Isebenza imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:

• njengerisidi kanye nokuvuma ukuthi izimpahla sezilayishiwe
• njengobufakazi kanye nemibandela yenkontileka yenqola
• njengetayitela elidluliselwa ezimpahleni

 Izinhlobo ezi-3 zeMithethosivivinyo yokuLayisha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo

I-Original Bill of Lading (OBL)

I-Original Bill of Lading (OBL) yinkontileka ebophezela ngokusemthethweni yenqola. Ikhophi eqinile, egcwaliswe umthwali, bese inikezwa umthumeli uma umthwalo usuqinisekisiwe emkhunjini. Umthumeli uphethe uMthethosivivinywa Wokulayishwa Kwangempela kuze kube yilapho ethola inkokhelo evela kumthengi ovela kwamanye amazwe. Umthumeli ube esethumela imibhalo yoqobo kumthengisi endaweni yokugcina (imvamisa nge-courier).

Ongenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kufanele anikeze umthwali wempahla iBill of Lading yokuqala egunyaziwe ukuze ukuthunyelwa kukhululwe.

Express Bill Of Lading

I-Express Bill Of Lading isetshenziswa lapho inkampani yenethiwekhi iletha izimpahla kumthengisi ngaphandle kokukhishwa kwanoma yiziphi Izikweletu Zokulayishwa Kwangempela, futhi iyindlela yokuhambisa ukuthunyelwa phambili ngokushesha (ngokucacile) ngaphandle kwemibhalo engokomthetho ebophezela umthumeli kanye nomngenisi ezindabeni ezinjengokukhokha, ukudiliva kanye nesihloko sempahla. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa uma ongenisa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe enobudlelwano bokukhokha besikhathi eside noma ekhokhele umthumeli wezimpahla kusengaphambili.

I-House Bill of Lading (HBL)

The I-House Bill of Lading (HBL) ikhiqizwa umthumeli wempahla futhi ikhishelwa umphakeli uma impahla isitholakele. Kuwukuvuma okusemthethweni kokutholwa kwezimpahla ezithunyelwa ngumthumeli wempahla.

I-Air Waybill (AWB)

Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zomoya kudinga ama-Air Waybill, esikhundleni se-Bills of Lading, kodwa kufeza injongo efanayo yenkontileka esemthethweni yokuthwala phakathi kwezinhlangothi. I-Air Waybill inamathiselwe, futhi ihambisana, nezimpahla ezithunyelwa inkampani yezindiza yamazwe ngamazwe. Idokhumenti inikeza imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nokuthunyelwa futhi ivumela ukuthi ilandelelwe ngesikhathi sokuthutha. Ama-Air Waybill aqondene ngqo nomthumeli futhi awawona madokhumenti okungaxoxiswana ngawo noma adluliselwe, futhi awanikezi isihloko.

Izinhlobo ze-Air Waybill

I-House Airway Bill (HAWB)

I-House Airway Bill (HAWB) ikhiqizwa umthumeli wempahla emoyeni noma inkampani ye-air Express futhi ikhophi inikezwa umthumeli lapho eyithatha njengerisidi.

I-Master Airway Bill (MAWB)

I-Master Airway Bill (i-MAWB) ikhiqizwa inkampani yezindiza futhi inikezwe umthumeli wezimpahla zomoya noma inkampani ye-air express.

Imicabango yokugcina mayelana nokuthumela amadokhumenti

Ukuthumela impahla emazweni ngamazwe kungaba inqubo ebushelelezi inqobo nje uma izidingo zokuthunyelwa kwemibhalo ziyahlangatshezwa.

Ngomkhumbi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhamba ngomoya noma ngolwandle, ulwazi oluphelele lomkhiqizo kufanele lunikezwe, okuhlanganisa nenkontileka yenqola (noma ngabe i-Bill of Lading noma i-Air Waybill), kanye nanoma yiziphi izitifiketi zokuhlola namalayisense adingekayo.

Mayelana nokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngokwezifiso nokungenisa, lawa madokhumenti okuthumela abaluleke ngokulinganayo, kodwa kungase kube nezimfuneko ezengeziwe zamalayisense athile kanye imibhalo yokuthobela imithetho lokho kumele kuqedwe.

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