Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Nge-Flame Retardant PP

I-Polypropylene (PP), njengenye yepulasitiki eyizinjongo ezinhlanu, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezihlukahlukene. Kodwa-ke, impahla evuthayo ye-PP ikhawulela ukusetshenziswa kwayo futhi ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ngakho-ke abantu baye bakhathazeka ngokuguqulwa komlilo we-PP.

Izinto ze-polymer ziyinhlanganisela ye-polymer equkethe izakhi ezifana nekhabhoni, i-hydrogen nomoya-mpilo, eziningi zazo ezivuthayo. Ukushiswa kwezinto ze-polymer kuwuchungechunge lwezinguquko zomzimba kanye nokusabela kwamakhemikhali enqubo ehlanganisiwe, okubonisa izenzakalo ezikhethekile ezifana nokuncibilika nokuthambisa, ukushintsha kwevolumu. Inqubo yomlilo inezinyathelo ezintathu:

Okokuqala, ukusabela kokubola okushisayo kukhiqiza amangqamuzana amancane egesi, khona-ke ingxube yegesi ifinyelela izimo ezivuthayo ukuze ibangele ukusabela kwamakhemikhali anobudlova, futhi ekugcineni, ukushiswa okusheshayo kwengxube yegesi evuthayo kukhiqiza inani elikhulu lokushisa, futhi umjikelezo wokusabela uyaqhubeka.

Njengoba i-PP inenkomba ye-oxygen engu-17.4 kuphela, iyavutha futhi ikhiqize ukushisa okukhulu ngesikhathi sokusha, okungabangela kalula umlilo futhi kube usongo empilweni nasemhlabeni. Emkhakheni wama-elekthronikhi nezinto zikagesi, ukuvutha kwe-PP kuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwayo okubanzi, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukwenza ukwelashwa okuvimbela ilangabi ezintweni ze-PP.

Indlela yokubuyisela amalangabi

Umshini wokubuyisela amalangabi ngokuyinhloko uhlanganisa indlela yokunqamula ukusabela kweketango, indlela yokuhlukanisa indawo engaphezulu kanye nendlela yokushintshanisa ukushisa ephazamisekile. I-chain reaction termination mechanism inqamula ukusabela komlilo ngokudla i-HO-ekhiqizwe phakathi nenqubo yokuvutha, indlela yokuhlukanisa indawo engaphezulu ikhiqiza izinhlanganisela eziqinile ukuze uvimbele ukuthintana komoya, futhi indlela yokushintshanisa ukushisa ephazamisekile imunca ukushisa kokusha ukuze kuzuzwe ukuziqothula.

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ku-metal hydroxide flame retardant ingahlangana ngempumelelo ne-magnesium hydroxide ukuze kuncishiswe amathuba okuba i-agglomeration, ithuthukise ukuhambisana ne-PP matrix, futhi ithuthukise ukubuyiswa komlilo kwento. Isilinganiso kanye ne-activation degree ye-flame retardant yalungiswa ngokuhlola ukuguqulwa kwevelu yokumuncwa kukawoyela, futhi ekugcineni kwatholakala ukuthi inkomba ye-oksijini ekhawulelayo ifinyelele inani eliphakeme lama-28.9% lapho i-25 wt% ecushiwe i-carbon modified magnesium hydroxide flame retardant yengezwa ku-PP.

I-Metal hydroxide flame retardants iyizithasiselo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa komlilo wezinto ze-polypropylene (PP). Ukuze kuthuthukiswe amandla emishini yezinto ezibonakalayo, abacwaningi baphinde bethula i-polyolefin elastomer (POE) kanye ne-calcium carbonate nanoparticles (CaCO3) kuyo. Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi izinhlanganisela ze-PP eziguquliwe azigcini nje ngokuba nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zokunqanda amalangabi, kodwa futhi zibonise amandla aphezulu okusebenza.

I-Boron flame retardants

I-Boron flame retardants idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwe-PP/BN@MGO. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esihlanganisiwe nokuguqulwa kwe-alkylation ye-BN@MGO ye-flame retardant, isici sekhabhoni singanothiswa ebusweni bokugcwalisa, okuthuthukisa ukuhlobana nomzimba we-PP futhi kwenze ukuthi usatshalaliswe ngokufanayo ku-matrix ye-PP.

Ngaleso sikhathi, i-BN@MGO elungisiwe ephathwayo inomphumela omazombezombe kanye nokuzinza okuphezulu kwe-thermal, okuholela kokuthile okune-coefficient ephansi yokunwetshwa kokushisa kanye nokubambezeleka kwelangabi eliphezulu. Lezi zakhiwo zivumela izinhlanganisela ze-PP/BN@MGO ukuthi zibe nezinhlelo eziningi zokusebenza emikhakheni yemishini ye-elekthronikhi yokukhipha ukushisa okuphumelelayo, izinto zikagesi zasendlini kanye nokuphathwa kokushisa.

Ukwengeza, lapho i-boron flame retardant APP/MCA-K-ZB yengezwe ku-25 wt% (APP/MCA-K-ZB mass ratio of 3/1), inhlanganisela ye-PP ingafinyelela isilinganiso se-V-0 ekuhlolweni kwe-UL-94, kuyilapho inkomba ye-oxygen ekhawulelayo yayiphezulu njengo-32.7%. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Thermogravimetric (TGA) kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-electron microscopy (SEM) yokuskena kubonisa ukuthi ukungezwa kwe-APP/MCA-K-ZB kungakha ungqimba lwekhabhoni eminyene yegraphite, evikela ngempumelelo i-matrix ye-PP engaphansi ekushisweni okwengeziwe, futhi ithuthukise ukuqina kwe-thermal kanye nekhono lokwakheka kwekhabhoni.

I-Silicon flame retardants

I-HNTs-Si kuma-silicone flame retardants ingagcina ukwakheka kwe-tubular yasekuqaleni futhi isonteke ngeketango le-PP elonakaliswe ngokushisa ukuze kwakhe ungqimba lwekhabhoni eliminyene, elivimbela ngempumelelo ukushisa, ukusinda nokudluliswa kwentuthu ngesikhathi sokusha kwe-PP. I-Polysiloxane inganciphisa i-polarity yobuso be-HNTs-Si, ikhulise ukuhambisana ne-substrate ye-PP, kanye nomphumela we-crack bridging wona uthuthukisa i-ductility yezinhlanganisela ze-PP.

Ukwengeza, phakathi kwe-silica-based flame retardants, i-nano-Sb2O3 ne-OMMT ingakha isendlalelo sekhabhoni eminyene ngemva kokuguqulwa, okuthuthukisa ngokuphumelelayo ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokunciphisa ilangabi lama-composites asekelwe ku-PP. I-nucleation ehlukile ye-OMMT ne-nano-Sb2O3 ku-matrix ye-PP ingathuthukisa ukucwebezela namandla okuqinile kwezinto.

I-Phosphorus flame retardants

I-Sorbitol ne-ammonium polyphosphate kuma-phosphorus retardants angakha isendlalelo se-carbonised ukuze kuvinjwe ukusakazeka kokushisa futhi kuthuthukiswe ukubambezeleka komlilo kwento. Umthelela ohlangene we-SPDEB kanye ne-ammonium polyphosphate ungathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuncipha komlilo wezinto ze-PP futhi unciphise ukukhishwa kwamagesi avuthayo.

I-nitrogen-based flame retardants

I-MPP ne-AP kuma-fire retardants asuselwa ku-nitrogen angakhipha amagesi angashi nezinto ezine-phosphorus, anciphise amagesi avuthayo emoyeni, futhi asebenze njengesivikelo segesi, ngaleyo ndlela anciphise ukusha. Izindlela zokuzihlanganisa ze-Supramolecular zingasebenzisa amabhondi angahlangani ukuze kuhlanganiswe izinhlanganisela ezinezakhiwo ezithile, kuthuthukiswe ukuhlakazwa kwezinqamuleli zomlilo ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo futhi kuthuthukise ukubambezeleka komlilo.

I-Intumescent flame retardant

I-NiCo2O4 iyi-intumescent flame retardant enezinzuzo ze-morphology elawulekayo, indawo enkulu ethize, amasayithi amaningi asebenzayo, kanye nezindlela zokulungiselela ezilula nezihlukile. Njengenhlanganisela esekelwe ku-nickel, ibonisa ikhono elihle kakhulu le-carbon-catalytic, elinciphisa kokubili imikhiqizo evuthayo futhi lithuthukise ukubuyiswa komlilo wento.

Lokhu kuphakama ikakhulukazi kubangelwa indima ye-Ni+ ions kuyo, engasheshisa ukubola okushisayo kwe-polyethylene acrylate (PER), ithuthukise ukushaja kwe-ammonium polyphosphate, futhi ikhuthaze ukwakheka kwe-char layer eyandisiwe ku-polypropylene (PP)/i-intumescent flame retardant system. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ama-bimetallic oxides azinzile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi anekhono elinamandla le-catalytic, elisiza ukwenza inhlanganisela ye-PP/inwetshiwe ye-flame retardant ibe ungqimba oluqinile lwe-char futhi ithuthukise ukuzinza kokushisa kwesendlalelo se-char kanye nezinsalela ze-char.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isakhiwo se-NiCo2O4 esifana nembali sinenani elikhulu lokugoqa ebusweni kanye nendawo enkulu yokuxhumana ne-polymer, okuthuthukisa ukubopha. Lesi sakhiwo esifana nembali sinokuzinza okuqinile, okusiza ukugwema ukulimala ngesikhathi sokucubungula nokugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo. Phakathi nenqubo yokushisa, izinto ezikhiqiza amalahle zingalungiswa phakathi kwesakhiwo esifana nembali, esithuthukisa ukuzinza kwesendlalelo samalahle futhi senze ngokuphumelelayo indima yokuvimbela ukufeza ukuvinjelwa komlilo nokuvikelwa kwe-substrate.

Ngokungeziwe ku-NiCo2O4, kunenombolo yezinye izingxenye ezibalulekile ezidlala indima ebalulekile emthelela wokunqanda ilangabi. I-OS-MCAPP ephethwe ijeli ye-SiO2 isebenza njengomthombo wegesi ne-asidi futhi isiza i-PP ukwenza isendlalelo se-char esivikelayo esivikela i-matrix ye-PP ekuboleni okuqhubekayo. I-PEIC, njengomthombo omuhle kakhulu we-char, idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kwekhwalithi ephezulu ye-char enwetshiwe futhi isiza ukutholwa kwezinhlanganisela ezivimbela amalangabi.

I-PPA-C ihlangana ne-PER ngesikhathi sokusha ukuze yakhe amabhondi e-POC namabhondi e-PC, anikela ekwakhekeni kongqimba lwe-char cishe olungenasici. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PPA-C ingabangela i-PP ukuthi ibole ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi ikhiqize izinsalela eziningi ze-char emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kukhona ukusebenzisana okuhle phakathi kwe-PPA-C ne-PER, futhi ukubambezeleka komlilo wesistimu ye-PPA-C/PER kuphakeme kunaleyo yohlelo oluvamile lwe-APP/PER. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-PPA-C/PER (3:1) kufinyelela ku-18wt%, into eyinhlanganisela ye-PP/intumescent flame retardant ifinyelela isilinganiso se-V-0 ngokuhlolwa kwe-UL-94, futhi inkomba yokugcina ye-oxygen ingafinyelela ku-28.8%.

Izinto ze-PP ze-Flame retardant zezinhlelo zokusebenza zokupakisha

Ipulasitiki ye-PP inobuningi obuphansi, ukukhanya okuhle, okungewona ubuthi futhi akunaphunga, ukucubungula kalula nokubunjwa, intengo ephansi nezinye izici, okwenza kube namandla amakhulu okufaka isicelo emkhakheni wokupakisha. Kodwa-ke, ukukhubazeka kwepulasitiki ye-PP njengokuvutha nokungabekezeleli ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunciphise ukuthuthukiswa kwayo emkhakheni wokupakisha. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izazi eziningi ziye zazinikela ekutadisheni izinto zokupakisha ze-PP ezinezakhiwo ezivimbela amalangabi aphezulu.

Indawo yebhethri yemoto

Amabhethri angenye yezingxenye ezibalulekile zezimoto zamandla amasha, ngakho-ke ikesi yebhethri evikela ibhethri ngokuphephile ibalulekile. Ukupakishwa kwebhethri evamile ikakhulukazi kusebenzisa izinto zensimbi kanye nezinto zokwakha zeshidi (i-SMC), kodwa ubunkimbinkimbi kanye nokuminyana kwenqubo yokubumba yalezi zinto kuthinta ukukhanya kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngakho-ke, ukunakwa kukhokhelwa ezintweni ze-PP ezinokuminyana okuphansi kanye nokumelana nomthelela omuhle.

Impahla ye-PP enezinto ezingabambezeli ilangabi ezilungiselelwe kusukela ku-PP resin matrix, isistimu eyinkimbinkimbi ye-ammonium polyphosphate/triazine njengesinqamuleli somlilo, i-ethylene-octene copolymer, i-elastomer esekwe ku-propylene, kanye ne-EPDM enamathelayo njenge-ejenti eqinisayo isetshenziswe ezindlini zamabhethri emoto yamandla amasha. Le nto ye-PP igcina ukuminyana okuphansi futhi inezici ezinhle zokunqanda amalangabi namandla omthelela, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zokuvala nokuvikela amanzi.

Ukupakishwa kwengxenye

Izinhlanganisela ze-PP/MHSH/Al2O3/NP zilungiswe ngendlela yokuncibilika kokuncibilika ngokushintsha iwhisker ye-alkaline magnesium sulfate (MHSH) ne-alumina (Al2O3) ene-agent exhumanisa i-KH-550, futhi kwengeza i-nitrogen-phosphorus complex retardant kanye ne-PP matrix, futhi kuqhutshekwe kucutshungulwe ukuze kwenziwe ifilimu.

I-nitrogen-phosphorus complex flame retardant ayigcini nje ngokukhuthaza ukwakheka kwe-carbon layer eyandisiwe ku-PP matrix ekushiseni okuphezulu, kodwa futhi isabela nge-MHSH ukuze ikhiqize usawoti we-magnesium phosphate, othuthukisa amandla e-carbon layer eyandisiwe.Ukwengezwa kwe-Al2O3 kuthuthukisa ukuqhutshwa kwe-thermal kwempahla, ukuze ukushisa kwangaphakathi kudluliselwe ngokushesha endaweni yokushisa, okushisa kudluliswa ngokushesha endaweni yokushisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-MHSH ne-Al2O3 zisebenze njengezigcwalisi eziqinile ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zemishini yefilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-PP/MHSH/Al2O3/NP. Ngakho-ke, ifilimu eyinhlanganisela ye-PP/MHSH/Al2O3/NP inezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokunqanda ilangabi namandla aphezulu emishini.

Isitsha sokudla

Izinhlanganisela ze-PP ezinezici ezincibilikisa amalangabi alungiswe ngokuxutshwa kwe-IFR ehlanganisa i-ammonium polyphosphate, i-ejenti eyenza ikhabhoni ye-triazine kanye ne-co-effect enamabhokisi esidlo sasemini e-polypropylene ahlanzekile agaywe kabusha, okubonisa amandla okuvuselela amabhokisi esidlo sasemini e-PP.

Izinkinga nge-PP flame retadancy

Yize abantu abaningi sebeqala ukufunda ngezinhlanganisela ze-PP ezibuyisela amalangabi, okwamanje kunezinkinga ezithile:

1. Isengezo esibuyisela amalangabi, ukungahambisani kahle ne-matrix, okuthinta izakhiwo zemishini zezinto;

2. Izinqamuleli zomlilo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ziqukethe ama-halogen futhi azihlangabezani nezidingo zemvelo;

3. Izinqamuli zomlilo ziyabiza, zikhuphula izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Ukuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwa ngu Shanghai Qishen Plastic Industry ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.