Ukuhlaziywa Kwemboni Yethuluzi Lomshini WaseJalimane ngo-2022

1. Uhlolojikelele lwamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane

Ithuluzi lomshini lisho umshini okhiqiza imishini, ocubungula impahla eluhlaza noma ucezu lomsebenzi olwenziwe ngensimbi noma ezinye izinto, ukuze uthole ukwakheka kwejiyomethri edingekayo, ukunemba kosayizi, kanye nekhwalithi yendawo. Kwaziwa nangokuthi ithuluzi lezimboni noma umshini wamathuluzi. Iyimishini eyisisekelo kakhulu embonini yezokukhiqiza yezwe futhi idlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwesimanje emnothweni wezwe. Njengoba umnotho uthuthuka, izimfuno zabantu zamathuluzi emishini ziya ngokuya ziba phezulu. Amathuluzi omshini abe yingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yemboni yesimanje yokukhiqiza futhi athole ukunakwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.

IJalimane ibheka ukubaluleka okukhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimboni, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni kudinga imishini yokukhiqiza, ngakho-ke imboni yamathuluzi omshini inesikhundla esibalulekile nesibalulekile eJalimane. Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane sekudlule isikhathi kunase-United States, iJalimane inhle ekufundeni ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe obuvela e-United States nase-United Kingdom, kanye nokuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwesayensi nocwaningo olujulile, ngakho ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yamathuluzi emishini kuyashesha kakhulu. Ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni yamathuluzi omshini, iJalimane iqhubekile nokwenza ucwaningo olunzulu, yaphishekela ukuvelela ngekhwalithi, futhi yakhiqiza amathuluzi emishini ekhwalithi ephezulu nathuthukile athunyelwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2021, phakathi kwamazwe noma izifunda zomhlaba ezikhiqiza amathuluzi omshini, iJalimane yakleliswa endaweni yesibili ngenani lokukhiqiza lama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-8991, isibili ngemva kweChina. Emkhiqizweni wamathuluzi womshini womhlaba wonke, imboni yamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane inezinga elikhulu nezinzuzo eziqinile zokuncintisana.

Kusukela ngo-2019, ingxenye yenani lokukhiqiza ithuluzi lomshini waseJalimane enani eliphelele lokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke libonise inkambiso enciphayo, isuka ku-23% iye ku-18%. Ngo-2021, inani eliphelele lokukhiqiza ithuluzi lomshini emhlabeni wonke lalingama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-70.9, okuwukukhuphuka konyaka ngama-20%. Inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane kanye nezinsiza (okuhlanganisa izingxenye eziyisipele, ukulungiswa, njll.) lalingama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-12.9 ngo-2021, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-6%. Ukukhula okusheshayo kwevelu yokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke kubonisa ukuthi izinqubo zokukhiqiza zamathuluzi emishini emazweni ahlukahlukene ziyathuthuka kancane kancane, inani lokukhiqiza nalo liyaqhubeka nokukhula, futhi ukugxila komhlaba wonke ekukhiqizweni kwamathuluzi omshini kuya ngokuya kushintsha.

2. Inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane

EJalimane, amathuluzi omshini ahlukaniswe kakhulu abe amathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi kanye namathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi. Esikhathini esidlule, inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi lalilikhulu kunelo lamathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi, okwakuyisiqondiso esiyinhloko sokuthuthukiswa. Kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2019, inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane libonise inkambiso yokukhula eqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2020, umthelela walolu bhubhane ubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwenani lokukhiqiza ngenxa yokumiswa komsebenzi nokukhiqiza. Ngo-2021, inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi waseJalimane lalingama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-2,414, ukukhuphuka konyaka ngonyaka ngo-8.4%, futhi inani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi lalingama-euro ayizigidi ezingu-6,577, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-0.39%. Isamba senani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini lenyuke ngo-1.82% unyaka nonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.

Kusukela ngo-2021, imakethe engezansi kanye nemikhakha yabasebenzisi bemboni yethuluzi lomshini waseJalimane ibhekene nokukhula okuqinile nokusabalala, ngakho-ke kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi imboni yamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane izofinyelela ukukhula okubalulekile ngo-2022. I-VDW ibikezela ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kwethuluzi lomshini waseJalimane kuzokhuphuka ngo-14% ngo-2022, futhi inani lokukhiphayo kulindeleke ukuthi libone ukuthuthuka okuphawulekayo.

Embonini yethuluzi lomshini wokusika insimbi, amanani amakhulu okukhiqiza ngo-2021 kwakuyizikhungo zomshini kanye nezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo; ama-lathes kanye nezikhungo zokuphendula; kanye nemishini yokugaya, enamanani okukhiqiza angama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1,735, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-967, nama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-861, ngokulandelana. Phakathi kwazo, izikhungo zemishini kanye nezinhlelo eziguquguqukayo zibalelwa ku-26% yenani lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini wokusika insimbi. Ngo-2021, imikhiqizo ehamba phambili embonini yamathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi bekuyimishini yokugunda, imishini yokubhoboza, nemishini yokuqhumisa, enenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-514, okubalelwa ku-21% yenani eliphelele lokukhiqiza lamathuluzi omshini wokwenza insimbi. Ekuthuthukisweni kwesikhathi eside kwemboni yamathuluzi omshini eJalimane, izimboni ezingaphansi ezihlukahlukene ziyabandakanyeka, izinhlobo zemikhiqizo zihlukahlukene, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwamanani okukhiqiza umkhiqizo kuyalingana.

3. Ukuhlaziywa kokungenisa kanye nevelu yokuthekelisa kwethuluzi lomshini laseJalimane

Phakathi kuka-2017 no-2021, imboni yamathuluzi emishini yaseJalimane ibilokhu ithumela kakhulukazi, ngevelu yokuthekelisa eyeqa inani lokungenisa. Kusukela ngo-2018, inani lokuthekelisa lamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane libonise ukwehla kwethrendi unyaka nonyaka. Ngo-2020, ngenxa yomthelela walolu bhubhane, ukuphazamiseka kwempahla kanye nokuthengwa kwempahla kubangele ukwehla okukhulu kwenani eliphelele lokuthekelisa, eliqale ukusimama ngo-2021. Ukuthengwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kubhekane nezinkinga ezifanayo, nenani lokungenisa ithuluzi lomshini waseJalimane elibonisa ukwehla kusukela ngo-2018, ikakhulukazi ngo-2020. Ngemva kokuqalwa kabusha komsebenzi nokukhiqizwa, ukuthengiswa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kukhuphuke ngo-2021. Ngo-2021, inani lokuthekelisa lamathuluzi omshini waseJalimane lalingama-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-6,600, ukukhuphuka okungama-8.64% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020, futhi inani lokungenisa lalingama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-2065, okukhuphuke ngo-13.96% uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020.

Ngo-2021, i-China, i-United States, kanye ne-Italy kwakungamazwe ahamba phambili okuthunyelwa kwemishini yomshini waseJalimane, amanani athunyelwa ngaphandle angama-euro ayizigidi eziyi-1592, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-971, kanye nama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-480 ngokulandelana. Ngokuthuthukiswa nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni saseShayina, i-China ibhekene nesigaba esibalulekile soshintsho ukusuka esivinini esikhulu ukuya ekuthuthukisweni kwekhwalithi ephezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, izidingo zamathuluzi omshini zikhula kancane kancane. Imikhiqizo yamathuluzi omshini wekhwalithi ephezulu yaseJalimane inegama elihle emazweni emhlabeni jikelele, okwenza i-China ibe izwe elikhulu kakhulu lokungenisa amathuluzi omshini waseJalimane. Ngo-2021, amazwe aphambili okungenisa amathuluzi omshini waseJalimane kwakuyiSwitzerland, i-Italy, neJapan, enamanani okungenisa ezigidini ezingama-722, ama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-291, nama-euro ayizigidi ezingama-283 ngokulandelana. I-Switzerland igxile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni amathuluzi omshini wokunemba ahlangene kakhulu, amancane futhi amahle, asebenza kalula, futhi athandwa amazwe emhlabeni jikelele. Amathuluzi omshini aseJalimane angenisiwe kakhulu avela eSwitzerland.

Umthombo ovela I-Intelligence Research Group (chyxx.com)