Uluhlu

Umthumeli mkhumbi ngumuntu othumela izimpahla futhi asayine inkontileka yenqola nomuntu ophethe egameni lakhe noma egameni lakhe emadokhumeni okuthutha impahla.

I-house bill of lading (HBL) iwukuvuma ukutholwa kwempahla ekhishwe umthumeli wempahla noma inkampani engeyona eyemikhumbi (NVOCC).

I-bill of lading yasekuqaleni (OBL) yinkontileka yenqola, ephindwe kabili njengesihloko sempahla kanye neresidi yenkampani yenethiwekhi yempahla.

I-express bill of lading wuhlobo lwebhili yomthwalo engakhishwanga futhi umthwalo udedelwa ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho uya khona.

I-master air waybill (i-MAWB) idokhumenti yokuthutha yempahia yomoya enemininingwane yemigomo yokulethwa ekhishwe umthwali wempahla yomoya noma i-ejenti yayo.

I-house air waybill (HAWB) idokhumenti yokuthutha yempahia yomoya ekhishwa abathumeli bempahla ngefomethi ye-waybill yomoya yemvelo enemininingwane yokulethwa.

Isaziso sokufika siyidokhumenti ethunyelwe kuhlangothi lokwazisa ukuze ilazise ngosuku lokufika kwempahla. Ikhishwa umthumeli wempahla olwandle, umthuthi wezimpahla, noma i-ejenti.

Uhlu lokupakisha luyidokhumenti yesimemezelo sempahla ethengiswayo enohlu lwamaphakheji okuthunyelwa ngakunye anemininingwane ngayinye ngesisindo, ubukhulu, kanye nenani.

I-CFS (isiteshi sezimpahla ezithwala impahla) iyindawo lapho ukuhlanganiswa kwempahla nokuqiniswa kwenzeka khona.

I-Incoterms® imigomo yezohwebo ethuthukiswe yi-International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) ukuze ucacise imininingwane ezinkontilekeni zohwebo zokulethwa kwempahla emhlabeni jikelele.

I-Carriage Paid To (CPT) iyi-incoterm esho ukulethwa kwezimpahla ngezindleko zomthengisi kunkampani yenethiwekhi noma kunoma yimuphi umthengisi omqokile.

Inqola Nomshwalense Okhokhelwayo (CIP) yi-incoterm lapho umthengisi ekhokhela impahla kanye nezindleko zomshwalense kufika endaweni yeqembu eliqokiwe.

I-invoyisi yezohwebo idokhumenti ecacisa inani nenani lezimpahla ezithunyelwe ngezinjongo zokumenyezelwa kwentela kanye nohlu lokupakisha.

Umngenisi werekhodi (IOR) ngumuntu oyedwa noma inhlangano ephethe ukugcwalisa amaphepha kanye nokwenza izinkokhelo ezindlekweni.

Umthumeli werekhodi (EOR) unesibopho sokulungiselela imibhalo efanele ukuze ahambisane nemibandela edingekayo yokuthekelisa.