Indlela Yokukhetha Umvuni Ohlanganisa Inhlanganisela Efanelekayo

Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuqanjwa okusha embonini yezolimo kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini yesimanje, ngaleyo ndlela kwenza imisebenzi ekhathazayo nedla isikhathi ibe lula futhi isheshe. Ukusungulwa komshini wokuvuna ohlanganisayo kwenza umsebenzi wokulima oyisicefe njengokuvuna, ukuhlukanisa, ukubhula, ukuqoqa, nokuhlanza okusanhlamvu kwaba lula. Imishini yesimanje yokuvuna inhlanganisela iyimishini yezolimo eyonga uphethiloli eyenza abalimi bakwazi ukunciphisa izindleko, bavune ngokushesha futhi bathuthukise inzuzo.

Njengoba imakethe igcwele izivuni eziningi ezihlanganisa izici ezihlukahlukene, izinkampani zokuvuna zingase zikuthole kuyinselele ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo oluzifanele kangcono. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukucacisa izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho kukhethwa izivuni ezihlanganisayo, kodwa ngaphambi kwalokho, ake sibheke ukuqagela kwazo kwemakethe. 

Okuqukethwe
Hlanganisa isibikezelo semakethe sokuvuna
Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ukuvuna
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isivuni esihlanganisayo
Izinhlobo zokuvuna okuhlangene

Hlanganisa isibikezelo semakethe sokuvuna

Imakethe yokuvuna inhlanganisela kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo- I-CAGR ye-3.7%, nesibikezelo esihlanganisa inkathi esukela ku-2022 kuya ku-2027. Izinto ezimbalwa embonini yezolimo zisiza lokhu kukhula okucatshangelwayo, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukwenyuka kwemishini yasemapulazini, ukushoda kwezisebenzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemishini emapulazini.
• Izinqubomgomo ezivumayo zezikweletu ezivela kuhulumeni kanye nezikhungo zezimali ngemishini yesimanje yezolimo.
• Abalimi bafisa ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwesivuno futhi bonge isikhathi namandla.
• Ukwandiswa kwepulazi eYurophu naseMelika kukhulisa isidingo sezivuni ezinkulu ezihlanganisayo, kuyilapho i-Asia isaqhubeka nokufuna kakhulu izivuni ezincane ezihlanganisayo. 

Izinzuzo zokuhlanganisa ukuvuna

Abavuni abahlanganisayo bazithuthukise kakhulu izindlela zezolimo ezinezinzuzo ezimbalwa eziphawulekayo ezifana nalezi:

• Izinhlamvu ezihlanzekile: Hlanganisa izivuni zikhiqiza okusanhlamvu okuhlanzekile kunenqubo eyenziwa ngesandla, eheha amanani entengo emakethe. 
• Ukuncipha kokulahlekelwa kwezitshalo: Hlanganisa abavuni bathuthukisa izitshalo eziqoqwe ngesilinganiso esikhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nokuvuna mathupha. 
• Isikhathi esilondoloziwe: Ukuvuna ngokwenza, ukubhula, nokuhlanza izitshalo kungase kuthathe izinsuku kuye ngokuthi ipulazi lingakanani; nokho, ngokuhlanganisa abavuni, yonke le nqubo ithatha usuku olulodwa. 
• Izindleko ezincishisiwe: Inkampani idinga ukuqasha oyedwa noma ababili kuphela ukuze baphathe ukuvuna, ngokungafani nenqubo eyenziwa ngesandla, edinga abasebenzi abambalwa. 

Izinto okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha isivuni esihlanganisayo

Kunezici ezimbalwa eziya ekunqumeni isivuni esilungile esihlanganisayo, kuye ngemisebenzi inkampani yokuvuna noma umlimi afuna ukuyifeza. Nazi ezinye izici okufanele uzikhumbule:

Brand

Isikhathi sokuvuna sonakaliswa ukucindezela emshinini, yingakho isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesivuni esihlanganisayo. Amabhrendi ahloniphekile athembisa ukusebenza okungcono ngoba imikhiqizo yawo ihlolwe ngempumelelo futhi izingxenye eziyisipele zitholakala kalula uma kudingeka ukushintshwa. 

Kubi ukukhetha abathengisi abaseduze abazosiza uma kuba nezinkinga. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eminye imikhiqizo inikezela ngamaloli eselula kwezinye izifunda ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukusiza uma kuphakama izinkinga. 

Usayizi namandla

Umthengi kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi umthamo womvuni ulingana kahle nekhanda lokusanhlamvu. Uhlelo lokuqoqa olutholakala enhlokweni yomshini lwakha ingxenye yamandla okuvuna okuhlanganisiwe okusetshenziselwa ukuqoqa izitshalo. 

Usayizi olungile wekhanda lokusanhlamvu uthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwesivuni esihlanganisayo. Izivuni ezihlukene ezihlanganisayo zingamukela ezinye izihloko zokusanhlamvu ukuze zisetshenziswe ngendlela ehlukile, njenge-draper, auger, stripper heads, i-windrow, namakhanda aqondene nezitshalo ezithile. Uma ukhetha umshini wokuvuna ohlanganisayo, thatha lowo okhanda lakhe linciphisa ukulahleka kwezitshalo.

processor 

Iphrosesa yokuvuna inhlanganisela ingenye into okufanele icatshangelwe lapho utshala imali kulo mshini wezolimo. Uhlobo lwezitshalo umlimi ahlose ukuzitshala lunquma uhlobo lweprosesa azolukhetha. Ngenhlanhla, amamodeli amasha amaningana okuvuna akhiqizwa ngokulungiswa okuvumela izilungiselelo ukuthi zivumelane nabavuni bezitshalo abahlukahlukene. 

Ngaphambi kokuphakela isivuni esihlanganisayo ensimini, qiniseka ukuthi sinezilungiselelo ezifanele zokucubungula ezifanelana nesitshalo. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukulungiselelwa kwephrosesa ngoba izilungiselelo ezinolaka zingalimaza okusanhlamvu okuthile. Isibonelo, isivinini esisheshayo nezilungiselelo ezincane zokususa i-concave zandisa amathuba okulimala kwezitshalo. Uma iphrosesa ilimaza okusanhlamvu okuningi, isicathulo sokuhlanza isivuni esihlanganisayo sizothwala umthwalo osindayo, okuholela ekulahlekeni kwezicathulo. 

Design 

Hlanganisa izivuni zinemiklamo emithathu yokusebenza: i-semi-automatic, i-othomathikhi ngokugcwele, kanye ne-manual. Umshini wokuvuna ozenzakalelayo usebenza kahle futhi wonga isikhathi nemali. Abasaqalayo abafunda ukusebenzisa isivuni esihlanganisayo bazoba ngcono ngedizayini ezenzakalelayo kuneyemanuwali. 

Ukuphathwa kwendle 

Ukulawulwa kwezinsalela zezitshalo kubalulekile kusivuni esihlanganisayo, futhi abakhiqizi abaningi bakhe amasistimu angcono emishini yabo. Lapho uthenga umshini wokuvuna ohlanganisayo, inkampani kufanele ibheke umshini onokuqoba kahle, ukuthintana kwenhlabathi eyengeziwe, nokusabalalisa okubanzi ukuze kuvunwe kangcono. 

Amamodeli akamuva avumela opharetha ukuthi bashintshele ezindleleni ezihlukene, kusukela kwezokuphepha nokunethezeka kuya ekusakazeni kanye namamodi e-windrow ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono. Ukwengeza, inkampani ethengayo ingakhetha abavuni abangashintsha amakhono okugwedla nokushintsha ngaphandle kokushintsha izingxenye ukuze kube lula ukusebenza. 

Induduzo nokulawula

Abavuni abahlanganisayo bangasebenza amahora usuku lonke, okusho ukuthi umqhubi uzohlala isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, ukunethezeka nokulawula yizici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthenga lo mshini. Ngenhlanhla, imikhiqizo eminingi ehlonishwayo ibeka phambili ukunethezeka kukhebhu yokuvuna, igcizelela i-ergonomics.

Izindawo zamakhabethe esimanje zivame ukuza nezinto zokufudumeza noma zokupholisa, indawo yokugcina, amasistimu okuxhumana, nezici zokuphepha ukuze kusebenze kangcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye amamodeli eza nezinhlelo zokuzijabulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi opharetha usebenza ngendlela ejabulisayo! 

Amandla enjini

Kubalulekile ukukhetha umshini onamandla anele enjini ukuze ubambe umsebenzi wokuvuna. Isigaba salo mshini sitshela amandla enjini yawo, kanti lawo esigaba esiphezulu athathwa njenganamandla kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngoshintsho olusha olusheshayo, ukuhlukaniswa kuyaqhubeka nokuhluka kumkhiqizi oyedwa kuya komunye. Inkampani enepulazi elikhulu okufanele ivunwe ingase icabangele ukuthenga isivuno esinenjini enkulu enamandla amakhulu. 

Izinhlobo zokuvuna okuhlangene

Izivuni ezihlangene zihlukaniswe izigaba ezahlukene kuye ngezici nezindlela zokusebenza. Nazi izinhlobo ezintathu ezihlukene zokuvuna okuhlangene. 

Isivuni esizihambelayo esihlanganisayo

The isivuni esizihambelayo cishe umshini wokuvuna odume kakhulu ekulimeni kwesimanje. Inenjini yayo enamathiselwe, eyenza imisebenzi emibili: ukunika amandla umshini neminye imisebenzi ehlobene nokuvuna. 

Injini yokuvuna inhlanganisela ezishayelayo iwumsebenzi onzima, enika amandla ngempumelelo umshini ensimini. Nokho, amandla okusika nokulayisha umshini ayahluka kuye ngobukhulu nesivuno esivunwayo. 

Ukwenza isibonelo, isivuni sombila esizihambelayo sinamandla okusika angu-20 min/acre, kanti umthamo wokuvuna ukolweni ozishayelelayo omncane ungu-2.5kg/s. 

Ilungele izitshalo ezikhula emhlabathini oqinile futhi ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili:

• Izivuni ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa uhlelo lokubhula lomshini kanye nezihamba zotshani.
• Izivuni ezihlanganisa i-axial-flow zakhiwe uhlelo lokubhula lokugeleza kwe-axial. 

Ukudonsa ugandaganda hlanganisa isivuni

Izivuni ezidonsa ngogandaganda zidonswa noma zilawulwe ngamathrekhi esikhundleni samasondo. Umshini kagandaganda unika amandla ukusika, ukubhula, ukuhlukanisa, nokuhlanza esikhundleni senjini ehlukile. Zikhethwa yizinkampani ezilimayo ezisebenza ezindaweni lapho amasondo engakwazi ukucwila khona kalula, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuvunwa kwerayisi. 

Izivuni ezifakwe ngogandaganda zisebenza ngezinjini zikadizili. Amandla enjini angase ahluke kumkhiqizi oyedwa kuya komunye, kodwa izinjini eziningi zinomjovo oqondile futhi zine-stroke ezine ezipholiswe ngamanzi. 

Umthamo wokusika wokuvuna ugandaganda odonswe yinhlanganisela nawo uyahluka kuye ngezitshalo ozovunwa. Isibonelo, umthamo wokusika kakolweni ungamahektha angu-2-3 ngehora, kanti umthamo we-paddy ungamahektha angu-1-2 ngehora. Ezinye izivuni ezifakwe ngogandaganda zinamandla okusika angu-2000mm/hrs. 

Inhlanganisela yokuvuna ehlanganisiwe

Isivuni esihlanganisiwe esihlanganisiwe sinezici ezihlukile ezifanele ukuvunwa okusanhlamvu, irayisi, kanye nezitshalo eziningi. Inikeza ukunethezeka, ukusebenza kahle, nokuqina, kodwa okunye okugqamile kwayo okuyinhloko ukunethezeka kwekhabethe layo. Lesi sici sivumela opharetha ukuthi ahlale isikhathi eside futhi avune okwengeziwe. Imiklamo yayo nemishini yokuvuna yenza umshini usebenze kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo nendawo. 

I-hybrid combine harvester inejubane eliphezulu lokusebenza ngisho nasezimeni eziyinselele. Isisefo salo asilayishi kakhulu njengoba ithangi lithola kuphela isivuno esifanelekayo nesihlanzekile ngemva kokuhlanza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inokusebenzisa uphethiloli okuncane kanye nokulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu okuphansi, okunomthelela ekwandeni komkhiqizo.

Umthamo wokusika wesivuni esihlanganisiwe siyisici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe lapho unquma ukuthenga; nokho, kuncike ekwenziweni komshini. Isibonelo, uchungechunge olusha lwe-X lunejubane lokusika lama-stroke angu-1200 ngomzuzu, ligcwalisa ithangi ngo-90 l/s.   

Isiphetho

Ukulima kuyinqubo yakudala; nokho-ke, iguqulwe intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe embonini yezolimo. Izinto zesimanje ezifana nezivuni ezihlangene zenze imisebenzi yokulima ekhandlayo, edinga abasebenzi abaningi yaba lula. Ukutshala imali kumshini wokuvuna ohlanganisayo kunganciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi futhi kuthuthukise inzuzo.