Ukukhetha Amaphaneli Elanga Angcono Kakhulu Wekhaya Lakho Noma Ibhizinisi

Namuhla, ama-solar panel anikeza isisombululo esithembekile samandla. Abagcini nje ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kwakho kugridi, kodwa futhi bangakongela imali eningi ezikweletini zakho zikagesi. 

Lesi sihloko sethula imiqondo eyisisekelo yamaphaneli elanga, ukuhlukaniswa kwawo, amathrendi nezinselele, kanye namathiphu okuthi ungakhetha kanjani okuhlukahlukene okungcono kakhulu kwezidingo zakho.

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwamaphaneli elanga
Ubukhulu bemakethe nokukhula
Izigaba zephaneli yelanga
Amathrendi nezinselele
Amanye amathiphu ngaphambi kokuthenga

Uhlolojikelele lwamaphaneli elanga

Amapaneli weSolar sebenzisa amaseli e-photovoltaic (PV) ukuze aguqule ukukhanya kwelanga kube ugesi, okuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ithuba lokunika amandla amakhaya abo noma amabhizinisi ngaphandle kwegridi kuyilapho benciphisa izikweletu zikagesi. 

Amasistimu ephaneli yelanga aqukethe amaseli amaningi e-PV angawodwana ahlanganisa ungqimba lwe-silicon, ungqimba lwe-phosphorus (oluhlinzeka ngokushaja okungekuhle), kanye nongqimba lwe-boron lwamandla avuselelekayo (okunikeza inkokhiso enhle). 

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, amaseli e-photovoltaic ayishidi elincanyana lama-semiconductors e-photovoltaic akhiqiza ugesi ngokuqondile elangeni namandla okukhiphayo inqobo nje uma kunokukhanya kwelanga okwanele.

Amapaneli weSolar ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezilandelayo: amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline, amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline, amaphaneli elanga ayifilimu emincane, amaphaneli elanga e-PERC, namaphaneli elanga akabili. Ama-solar panel angatshalwa ezindaweni ezahlukene zesakhiwo kuye ngohlobo lwephaneli yelanga. 

Amaphaneli elanga okuhlala kuwo ngokuvamile akala amamitha angu-1.6×1 (cishe amafithi angu-5.25×3.25), futhi iphaneli ngayinye ngokuvamile ikhiqiza amandla aphakathi kuka-250 no-400 wamawathi. Amaphaneli elanga ezohwebo angase abe makhudlwana futhi aphakame ngokuhambisanayo ngamandla. 

Amapaneli weSolar ngokuvamile iphila iminyaka ephakathi kuka-25-30, kodwa lokhu kuncike kakhulu kumkhiqizo nekhwalithi. Iningi lamaphaneli elanga aqinile azohlinzeka ngokusebenza okuqinisekisiwe kweminyaka engama-20.

Ubukhulu bemakethe nokukhula

Grandview ilinganisela ukuthi inani lemakethe yomhlaba wonke lika amaphaneli elanga ifinyelele ku-USD 170.25 billion ngo-2023. Lesi sibalo kulindeleke ukuthi sifake ku-CAGR engu-7.7% unyaka nonyaka ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo esiqhubekayo. 

Isidingo sephaneli yelanga laseChina sifike ku-36.4%, kanti isidingo eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia-Pacific, nase-India sikhuphuke ngo-16.8%, 17.6%, 13.2%, no-6.9% ngokulandelana. IYurophu kanye neNyakatho Melika zenza ama-34.4% ezidingo zomhlaba wonke. 

Isidingo eJalimane, eSpain, ePoland, eNetherlands nakwamanye amazwe aseYurophu siye saphindeka kabili phakathi neminyaka edlule. I-United States, iJalimane, nezinye izingxenye zaseNtshonalanga Yurophu zibhekene nokwenyuka okukhulu kwezindleko zikagesi wezindawo zokuhlala negesi yemvelo, okuholela la mazwe ukuba asebenzise amandla elanga ngesivinini esisheshayo.

Izigaba zephaneli yelanga

Amapaneli weSolar ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline silicon, amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline silicon, ifilimu elincanyana (i-amorphous silicon) amaphaneli elanga, amaphaneli elanga e-PERC, namaphaneli elanga akabili.

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline

I-Monocrystalline Silicon Solar panels ihlanganisa ukwakheka kwekristalu okuqhubekayo futhi okufanayo, okusho ukuthi ama-electron ageleza kalula ezintweni, okuholela ekwandeni kokusebenza kahle. 

Lawa maseli asikwa ku-silicon crystal eyodwa enkulu, ewanikeza ukubukeka okuyindilinga, okuyisikwele. Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline silicon abiza kakhulu ukuwenza, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okuphansi kwezinto ze-silicon ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwenqubo yokukhiqiza ngokwayo. 

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline silicon elanga ngokuvamile anamandla okuguqula phakathi kuka-15% no-22%, okungenye yezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ezitholakala kumaseli elanga ezentengiselwano namuhla.

Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline silicon elanga ngokuvamile asebenza kahle kakhulu kunamaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline silicon ngoba anokunyakaza okungcono kwe-electron.

Ukuqina: Amaphaneli e-Monocrystalline ngokuvamile anesikhathi eside sokuphila, ngokuvamile esiyiminyaka engu-25 noma ngaphezulu.

Ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu: Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline silicon abonisa ukwehla okuncane ekusebenzeni ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zamaseli elanga.

Isimo sohlelo lokusebenza:

Uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala: Ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu nobuhle, amaphaneli e-monocrystalline avame ukusetshenziselwa amasistimu elanga asophahleni lwezindlu zokuhlala.

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano: Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline avame ukukhethwa kulawo maphrojekthi anezidingo eziphezulu zokusebenza kahle kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo.

Amapulazi amakhulu elanga: Kulawa maphrojekthi, kuyilapho izindleko zokuqala zingase zibe phezulu, amaphaneli e-monocrystalline ahlinzeka ngembuyiselo engcono ekutshalweni kwezimali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu nokuqina.

Izicelo eziphathwayo nezincane: Amaphaneli e-Monocrystalline nawo afaneleka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlobene namashaja elanga nezinhlelo zamandla aphathwayo ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu.

Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline

Amaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline silicon zenziwe nge-polycrystalline silicon, into equkethe amakristalu amancane amaningi e-silicon. Kulawa maseli, kunemingcele phakathi kwamakristalu e-silicon, okunciphisa kancane ukuhamba kwama-electron, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kahle kweseli. 

Ingaphezulu lamaphaneli elanga e-polycrystalline silicon ngokuvamile anombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi ungabona iphethini engavamile yamakristalu. Amaphaneli e-Polycrystalline ngokuvamile asebenza kahle phakathi kuka-13% no-16%, aphansi kunamaphaneli e-monocrystalline.

Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Okungabizi kakhulu: Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline silicon abiza kancane ukuwakhiqiza kunamaphaneli e-silicon e-monocrystalline ngoba anenqubo yokukhiqiza elula kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphezulu kwezinto ze-silicon. 

Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline ngokuvamile anesikhathi sokuphila esingaba yiminyaka engama-20 kuye kwengama-25, okufushane kancane uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli e-monocrystalline. Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline ngokuvamile awabizi kakhulu kunamaphaneli e-monocrystalline, okuwenza adume kakhulu kumaphrojekthi anesabelomali.

Ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okuphansi: Ngenxa yenqubo yokukhiqiza elula, ukukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli e-polycrystalline silicon kunomthwalo ophansi wemvelo.

Ukusebenziseka okungcono: Nakuba ingasebenzi kahle kancane, iseyindlela engabizi kakhulu yezicelo zendawo enkulu, njengamapulazi elanga.

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

Amaphrojekthi amakhulu elanga: Amaphaneli e-Polycrystalline avame ukusetshenziselwa amaphrojekthi amakhulu amakhulu ngenxa yezindleko zawo eziphansi.

Uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala nezohwebo: Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline ayindlela engabizi kakhulu kumakhasimende okuhlala nawokuhweba anesabelomali esilinganiselwe.

Amasistimu angaphandle kwegridi: Amaphaneli e-Polysilicon nawo ayinketho ethandwayo kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezingaphandle kwegridi njengezinhlelo zamandla elanga ezindaweni ezikude.

Amaphaneli elanga anefilimu emincane

Amaphaneli elanga we-amorphous silicon thin-film sebenzisa i-amorphous silicon njenge-photovoltaic material. Ngokungafani ne-monocrystalline noma i-polycrystalline silicon, i-silicon ye-amorphous ayinaso isakhiwo se-crystalline esihlukile. 

Lawa maphaneli elanga akhiqizwa ngokufaka ungqimba omncane kakhulu we-silicon ye-amorphous ku-substrate, njengengilazi noma ipulasitiki, okuwenza abe mncane futhi aguquguquke. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwawo okuyingqayizivele nokuguquguquka, amaphaneli elanga e-amorphous silicon thin-film anezinzuzo mayelana nobuhle kanye nokuhlukahluka komklamo.

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwamaphaneli elanga efilimu ye-amorphous silicon emincane yefilimu ngokuvamile buphakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 neyi-15, bufushane kunaleso samaphaneli elanga e-silicon e-crystalline. Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli efilimu ye-amorphous silicon thin-film ngokuvamile kuphakathi kuka-6% no-10%, okungaphansi kwamaphaneli e-silicon e-crystalline. 

I-amorphous silicon thin-film solar panels ngokuvamile ibiza ngaphansi kwamaphaneli elanga e-silicon yekristalu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenqubo yawo yokukhiqiza elula.

Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Izacile, ilula, futhi iyavumelana nezimo: Amaphaneli elanga efilimu azacile angasetshenziswa endaweni ebanzi ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezincane nezilula, futhi afaneleka ngisho nalezo zakhiwo ezingakwazi ukuthwala imithwalo esindayo.

Ukusebenza kokukhanya okuphansi: Amaphaneli elanga e-amorphous silicon azacile efilimu yelanga ngokuvamile enza kangcono kunamaphaneli elanga e-silicon e-crystalline ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi (isb phakathi nezinsuku eziguqubele noma ubusika).

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

Isakhiwo esihlanganisiwe se-photovoltaics (i-BIPV): Amaphaneli elanga e-Thin-film afaneleka ngokukhethekile ukwakha ama-photovoltaics ahlanganisiwe, njengamafasitela elanga noma amathayela ophahleni lwelanga.

Amadivayisi aphathekayo futhi agqokekayo: Ngenxa yezici zawo ezincane nezivumelana nezimo, afaneleka futhi kumadivayisi aphathwayo elanga kanye nobuchwepheshe obugqokekayo belanga.

Amapulazi amakhulu elanga: Kwezinye izimo, amaphaneli e-amorphous silicon thin-film asetshenziselwa amapulazi amakhulu elanga ngenxa yezindleko zabo eziphansi zokukhiqiza.

I-passivated emitter kanye namaphaneli elanga eseli angemuva

I-Passive emitter kanye namaphaneli elanga angemuva (PERC). ifaka ungqimba olukhethekile lwezinto ezibonakalayo, njenge-aluminium oxide, ngemuva kweseli yelanga, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle. Lo mklamo usiza ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe futhi unciphise ukulahleka kwama-electron.

Ukuphila kwamaphaneli elanga e-PERC kuvame ukufana nalokho kwamaphaneli elanga e-crystalline silicon evamile, asukela eminyakeni engaba ngu-25 kuye kwengama-30. Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokukhiqiza zamaphaneli elanga e-PERC ziphakeme kancane kunamaphaneli e-silicon e-crystalline yendabuko. 

Kodwa-ke, ngokuvuthwa kwesu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu, izindleko ziyancipha kancane kancane. Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga e-PERC kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-18% no-22%, okungaphezulu kwalokho kwamaphaneli e-silicon e-crystalline evamile.

Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Amaphaneli elanga e-PERC asebenza kahle kakhulu kunamaphaneli elanga e-silicon ye-crystalline evamile ngoba asebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga kahle kakhulu futhi anciphisa ukulahleka kwama-electron.

Ukusebenza okungcono kokukhanya okuphansi: Ubuchwepheshe be-PERC buvumela amaphaneli ukuthi asebenze kangcono ezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi, njengantambama noma izinsuku eziguqubele.

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

Uphahla lwezindlu zokuhlala nezokuhwebelana: Amaphaneli elanga e-PERC afaneleka kahle ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlala kanye namaphrojekthi ophahla lwezentengiselwano lapho isikhala silinganiselwe ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kwawo okuphezulu.

Amapulazi amakhulu elanga: Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kwenza amaphaneli elanga e-PERC adume kumapulazi amakhulu elanga, ikakhulukazi lapho kunendawo elinganiselwe yomhlabathi.

Izifunda zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu: Amaphaneli elanga e-PERC nawo afaneleka kahle ngenxa yokusebenza kwawo okuhle kakhulu ezifundeni ezinamazinga okushisa aqinile noma izimo eziphansi zokukhanya.

Amaphaneli elanga akabili

Amaphaneli elanga akabili ziyakwazi ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga nhlangothi zombili futhi zikhiqize ugesi. Lawa maphaneli anamaseli e-photovoltaic kukho kokubili ngaphambili nangemuva kwephaneli, athwebula ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okubonakala ngemuva kwephaneli.

Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwephaneli yelanga ephindwe kabili buqhathaniswa naleyo yephaneli yelanga elivamile elinohlangothi olulodwa lwekhwalithi ephezulu, ngokuvamile cishe iminyaka engu-25 kuya kwengu-30. Amaphaneli elanga akabili ngokuvamile anezindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme kunamaphaneli avamile anohlangothi olulodwa, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yenqubo yawo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisebenzayo ezikabili. 

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokufaka zingase zibe phezulu kancane kunalezo zamaphaneli avamile anohlangothi olulodwa, ikakhulukazi uma kunesidingo sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.

Ukusebenza kahle okuphelele kwamaphaneli elanga akabili kuncike ezintweni ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-engeli ekhuphukayo, ukukhanya komhlaba, nezimo zemvelo. Ngokwetiyori, zingasebenza kahle ngo-10% ukuya ku-30% kunephaneli eyodwa.

Lolu hlobo lwephaneli yelanga lunezinzuzo ezilandelayo:

Ukukhiqiza amandla aphezulu: Ngenxa yekhono lawo lokuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga ezinhlangothini zombili, amaphaneli elanga akabili ngokuvamile akhiqiza ugesi omningi kunamaphaneli angawodwa avamile.

Ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu: Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli abuso obubili kungakhuliswa kakhulu ngaphansi kwemibandela ethile, njengalapho efakwe ezindaweni ezicwebezelayo (isb. uphahla olumhlophe noma phansi).

Ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwesikhala: Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezibambezeleka ngendawo, njengasezindaweni zasemadolobheni, amaphaneli elanga ahlukene kabili angenza ukusetshenziswa kahle kwendawo etholakalayo.

Izimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

Amapulazi amakhulu kagesi welanga: amaphaneli elanga e-bifacial angakhuphula ukuphuma kwamandla endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okuphezulu komhlaba.

Amasistimu ophahleni lwezentengiselwano: Ophahleni lwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinempahla yokufulela ekhanyayo kakhulu izinkampani ezinjalo, amaphaneli elanga akabili anganikeza ukukhiqiza amandla engeziwe.

Amashedi okupaka kanye nophahla lwezakhiwo: Amaphaneli elanga abheke kabili futhi afanele izakhiwo ezifana namashedi okupaka, amakhava ephasishi, njll., futhi ayakwazi ukuthwebula ukukhanya kwelanga kusuka phezulu nangaphansi.

Amathrendi nezinselele

Amathrendi we-

Ukusebenza kahle kwamaphaneli elanga kuyaqhubeka nokuba ngcono

Ubuchwepheshe be-PERC: Ubuchwepheshe be-PERC bunciphisa ukulahleka kokuhlanganiswa kabusha kwama-electron futhi buthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwesithombe sikagesi wamabhethri ngokwengeza isendlalelo sokudlula kanye nesendlalelo esikhanyayo ngemuva kwamabhethri elanga e-crystalline silicon. Lobu buchwepheshe sebuphenduke indlela yokukhiqiza ejwayelekile.

Amaphaneli elanga akabili: Ngokusebenzisa ukukhanya kwelanga okuvela phansi noma kwezinye izindawo, amaphaneli abuso obubili bobuso angakwazi ukuthatha ukukhanya kwelanga okwengeziwe kusukela ohlangothini olungemuva. Lobu buchwepheshe bubaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni lapho ukuqina kwemisebe yelanga buthaka, futhi kungakhuphula kakhulu ukuphuma kwamandla.

I-Heterojunction (HJT) amaseli elanga: Ukuhlanganisa izinzuzo ze-amorphous ne-crystalline silicon, ubuchwepheshe be-HJT buthuthukisa ukuhamba kwe-electron kanye nokusebenza kahle kwamaseli ngokungeza ungqimba lwe-silicon ye-amorphous ebusweni be-silicon ye-crystalline. Amabhethri e-HJT asebenza kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi nasezimeni zokukhanya okuphansi.

I-TopCon: Ubuchwepheshe be-Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TopCon) buyindlela ethuthukisiwe yokukhiqiza amabhethri elanga. Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kweseli nokuzinza ngokwakha ungqimba lwe-tunnel oxide kanye nongqimba lokuxhumana olungashintshiwe ngemuva kweseli ye-silicon yekristalu. Ubuchwepheshe be-TopCon bufaneleka ngokukhethekile izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokuthembeka okuphezulu.

Amaseli elanga e-Perovskite: Ubuchwepheshe be-Perovskite ubuchwepheshe obusafufusa be-solar cell owaziwa ngezindleko eziphansi nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu. Lawa maseli asebenzisa izinto ze-perovskite (uhlobo lwe-metal halide) njengongqimba olumunca ukukhanya, olunikeza inzuzo yezindleko ekukhiqizeni kuyilapho kugcinwa ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla avuselelekayo. Amaseli e-Perovskite abonisa amandla amakhulu emkhakheni wamaphaneli elanga aguquguqukayo futhi aphrintekayo.

Izindleko zilokhu zehla

Ngobuchwepheshe obungcono bokukhiqiza, izindleko zokukhiqiza ama-solar panel ziyaqhubeka nokuncipha. Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa okuzenzakalelayo, amasu angcono okukhula kwe-silicon crystal anganciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwempahla eluhlaza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Izinselele

Ibhalansi phakathi kwesu nezindleko: Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kufanele kuhambisane nokulawulwa kwezindleko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuncintisana kwemakethe yemikhiqizo ye-PV.

Ukusimama nokungcoliswa kwemvelo: Yonke inqubo yokukhiqizwa kwamabhethri elanga idinga ukuhlolwa, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwempahla eluhlaza, inqubo yokukhiqiza kanye nokulahlwa kabusha kokugcina. 

Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokulahlwa kwemfucuza ngesikhathi sokucwengwa kwe-silicon kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamaphaneli yizindaba ezibalulekile.

Ukugcinwa kwamandla kanye namagridi kagesi: Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokugcina amandla avuselelekayo obusebenzayo, obungabizi kakhulu buyisihluthulelo sokubhekana nesimo esiqhubekayo sokuphehlwa kwamandla elanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingqalasizinda yegridi idinga ukuthuthukiswa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nokufinyelela kumanani abalulekile wamandla elanga asabalalisiwe.

Ukwesekwa kwezimakethe nenqubomgomo: Izinqubomgomo zikahulumeni, uxhaso kanye nezinxephezelo zentela zibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe belanga. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-R&D kukahulumeni nokuyimfihlo kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukuqanjwa kabusha kwezobuchwepheshe.

I-Supply chain: Ukugcina amazinga aphezulu ekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kuyilapho uzuza ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunobungozi bokushintshashintsha kwezindleko zempahla eluhlaza kanye nokuphazamiseka ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa komhlaba wonke, njengezinkinga zokutholakala kwe-silicon nesiliva.

Amanye amathiphu ngaphambi kokuthenga

Hlola izidingo zamandla

Linganisela ukukhiqizwa kwamandla okucatshangelwayo ngokucabangela indawo yendawo nesimo sezulu sendawo (isb., isilinganiso samahora okukhanya kwelanga, amaphethini wesimo sezulu). Khetha i-engeli kanye nomumo wokukhanya kwelanga endaweni ethile ukuze unqume i-engeli yokubeka iphaneli elungile.

Khetha uhlobo olulungile lwephaneli yelanga

Uma isikhala silinganiselwe, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu kuyadingeka, futhi isabelomali sanele, abanikazi bezindlu kufanele bakhethe i-monocrystalline amaphaneli elanga. Uma isabelomali silinganiselwe noma isikhala esitholakalayo sikhulu, noma kunjalo, amaphaneli e-polycrystalline angase afaneleke kakhulu, nakuba engasebenzi kahle kancane. 

Amaphaneli elanga anefilimu encane (isb. CIGS, CdTe) afaneleka izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinendawo engajwayelekile noma lapho kudingeka khona ukukhwezwa okuvumelana nezimo. Amaphaneli elanga abheke ngakubili angase anikeze isivuno esiphezulu samandla avuselelekayo ezindaweni ezingasebenzisa ukukhanya okuvela phansi noma kwezinye izakhiwo.

Hlaziya ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko

• Bala izindleko zokuqala zokufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga, okuhlanganisa izindleko zemishini efana namaphaneli, ama-inverter, namarakhi, kanye nezindleko zokuwafaka.
• Linganisa okulindelekile okukhipha amandla avuselelekayo kanye nezindleko zokusebenza zesikhathi eside, okuhlanganisa ukunakekelwa kanye nezindleko zokushintshwa kwamaphaneli okungenzeka.
• Cabangela uxhaso lukahulumeni olutholakalayo, izinxephezelo zentela, nokunye ukwesekwa kwenqubomgomo.
• Linganisela amandla avuselelekayo ngonyaka wesistimu futhi ubale isikhathi sokukhokha kanye nezinga lembuyiselo.

Khetha isifaki sesistimu yelanga esinesipiliyoni nesihloniphekile

• Qiniseka ukuthi ithimba elifakayo liyayazi imithetho yokwakha yendawo kanye nezidingo zokufinyelela kugridi.
• Hlela ukuhlolwa nokuhlanza okuvamile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle kwama-solar panel.
• Sebenzisa uhlelo lokuqapha oluhlakaniphile ukulandelela ukusebenza kwesistimu nokukhomba izinkinga ngesikhathi.
• Misa isimiso sokulungisa esivamile esihlanganisa ukuhlanza amaphaneli elanga nokuhlola ukuxhunywa kukagesi.
• Kumaphrojekthi amakhulu, cabanga ukusebenzisa isistimu yokuqapha ekude ukuze uhlole ukusebenza kwesistimu ngesikhathi sangempela.

Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukuthenga amaphaneli elanga, uzothola izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo efanelekile evela kubahlinzeki abathembekile ku- Chovm.com.