Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zezisetshenziswa Zokukhiqiza

Ukukhiqiza kuwuhlelo olubanzi olubandakanya ukuguqula izinto ezingavuthiwe zibe yizimpahla eziqediwe. Imishini yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa amathuluzi, imishini, nezinhlelo ezisetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza. Umgomo wale mishini ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi, nokunciphisa izindleko ohlelweni lokukhiqiza. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokukhiqiza esetshenziswa embonini yokukhiqiza futhi ngayinye inenhloso yayo ehlukile.

Lesi sihloko sizojula ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zemishini yokukhiqiza. Ukwengeza, izoxoxa ngesabelo semakethe, usayizi, isidingo, kanye nezinga lokukhula elilindelekile lemishini yokukhiqiza.

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yemishini yokukhiqiza
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokukhiqiza
Isiphetho

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yemishini yokukhiqiza

Emhlabeni jikelele, imishini yokukhiqiza ikhiqizwa izinkampani ezinkulu ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye zalezi zinkampani zihlanganisa i-Applied Materials Inc, i-Tetra Laval International SA, ne-Tokyo Electron Ltd. Imakethe yemishini yokukhiqiza ihlanganisa iminyango yezimboni eminingana efana nemishini yokwenza izindwangu, imishini yokwenza irabha nepulasitiki, imishini yokunyathelisa, neminye.

Ubukhulu bemakethe yemishini ekhiqizayo yamazwe ngamazwe bubekwe inani I-USD 572.62 billion ngo-2021 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi inwebe ifinyelele ku-USD 793.85 billion ngo-2025 ku-CAGR ka-9%. Ukukhula ngalesi sikhathi sokubikezela kungenxa yentuthuko esheshayo kwezobuchwepheshe ezoqhuba ukuqanjwa kabusha kwemishini yezimboni.

Ngokwesifunda, i-Asia Pacific yabhalisa isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke, esibalelwa ku-56% ngo-2020. INtshonalanga Yurophu iqophe ingxenye yemakethe engama-20%, okwakungeyesibili ngobukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Afrika ibiyisifunda esincane kunazo zonke esimelwe emakethe yemishini yokukhiqiza emhlabeni.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokukhiqiza

1. Imishini yokugaya

Imishini yokugaya yenza imisebenzi yemishini ebandakanya ukujika unqenqema lwethuluzi lokusika noma i-blade endaweni yokusebenza ukuze udale ubujamo nemiklamo oyifunayo. Asetshenziselwa umshini indawo eyisicaba, emagebhugebhu, futhi engajwayelekile lapho ucezu lokusebenza ludliswa ngokumelene nesisiki sokugaya esizungezayo. Ngokuvamile, iningi CNC imishini yokugaya abe nokunemba nokunemba kusukela ku-0.01mm kuya ku-0.03mm. Ukwengeza, umsiki ojwayelekile wokugaya unobubanzi obusuka ku-16mm ukuya ku-630mm. Ububanzi bukhethwa ngokusekelwe ekujuleni kokugaya nobubanzi.

Ngokuyinhloko, imishini yokugaya ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezibanzi: evundlile futhi mpo. Aphinde aqoqwe njengohlobo lwenqama, uhlobo lwamadolo, ukukhiqiza noma uhlobo lombhede, kanye nemishini yokugaya yohlobo lwe-planer. Lezi zigaba zihlanganisa amamotho azishayelayo ngogesi, izifunzo zetafula ezisebenza ngamandla, amasistimu wokupholisa, kanye nesivinini sokuphotha esishintshashintshayo.

2. Imishini yokumba

Imishini yokumba khiqiza izimbobo ngokuletha i-cutter ejikelezayo enemiphetho yokusika ethintana nocezu lokusebenza. Imishini isebenza ngesimiso sokuthi unqenqema lwethuluzi lokusika lusebenza ngamandla ku-workpiece ngenkathi kwakhiwa izimbobo. Impahla isuswa ngenqubo yokugunda kanye ne-extrusion.

Ezinye zezinhlobo ezahlukene zemishini yokumba yilezi:

- Imishini yokumba eqondile noma yekholomu

- Imishini yokumba ephathekayo

- Imishini yokumba enama-spindle amaningi

- Imishini yokumba yohlobo lwe-turret eqondile

3. Imishini yokuvula

Imishini yokuguqula shintsha ama-workpieces abe yizimo nemiklamo ehlukahlukene oyifunayo. Inqubo ihilela ukuzungezisa ingxenye ngenkathi isisiki sephuzu elilodwa sihamba ngokuhambisana ne-eksisi yokuzungezisa. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa kuzo zombili izindawo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi ze-workpiece. Imishini yokuguqula isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezincane nezinkulu, amathuluzi, kanye nama-prototypes.

Basebenzisa izinga eliphezulu lokunemba nokunemba; ngakho-ke, zilungele ukwengezwa kwezici ezijikelezayo ezingxenyeni. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemishini yokujika futhi ihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwayo. Isibonelo, ikhompyutha elawulwa ngezinombolo (i-CNC) kanye namalebula avamile anokuguqulwa okunembayo ukusuka kuma-microns angu-5 ukuya kuma-microns angu-6. Uma kukhulunywa ngosayizi, imishini eminingi yokujika ihlanganiswa ngokwebanga phakathi kwezikhungo. Ngokwesilinganiso, iningi lale mishini inebanga elingamasentimitha angu-36 kuya kwangu-48 phakathi kwezikhungo kanye nokushwibeka okungu-15 amayintshi.

4. Imishini yokuhlola ikhwalithi

Imishini yokuhlola ikhwalithi asetshenziselwa ukukala ikhwalithi yezimpahla namasevisi. Lokhu kwenza imikhiqizo ikwazi ukusinda endaweni yebhizinisi enokuncintisana ngoba ihlangabezane nezidingo zekhwalithi encane. Izibonelo zamathuluzi okuhlola ikhwalithi zifaka:

- Iphrofayili yephrofayili

- Imishini yokuhlola ubulukhuni be-Rockwell

- Hlanganisa imishini yokulinganisa

– Imishini yokuhlola ubuhwaqane bobuso

- Imishini yokuskena iphrofayili

- Vernier calipers

- Micrometers

- Amageji abhorekile ezinto zensimbi

5. Imishini yokupakisha

Ukupakisha imishini inika amandla imisebenzi yokupakisha ebandakanya amaphakheji ayisisekelo kumaphakethe wokusabalalisa. Inqubo yokupakisha ihlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukwenza, ukugcwalisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukubeka uphawu, ukulebula, ukugoqa kanye nokufakwa kwepalletizing.

Izinto zokupakisha zingaba yizinhlobo ezilandelayo ezijwayelekile:

– Ukuqongelela kanye nokuhlanganisa imishini

- Amaphakethe esikhumba, ama-blister pack, kanye ne-vacuum imishini yokupakisha

- Ithreyi yebhokisi, ikesi, ukwakhiwa kwenkampani yenethiwekhi, nemishini yokuvala uphawu

- Imishini yamabhodlela

- Imishini yokufaka i-over-capping, yokuvala, yokufaka izivalo kanye nokuthunga

6. Izigayi

Ukugaya bahileleke ezinqubweni zemishini yokusika ukusika amathuluzi kusetshenziswa isondo lokugaya. Ukugaya kusetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wokukhiqiza, ikakhulukazi ekwenzeni amathuluzi. Ikhiqiza izilinganiso ezinembile nezinto eziqedwe kahle. Ama-grinders afaneleka kangcono ukwenza izinto eziqinile futhi athathe ukusikeka okungajulile.

Ukugaya kuyingxenye yokusika kanye nenqubo yeqiniso yokusika insimbi. Izindlela ezimbili zokugaya i-lapping ne-sanding. Ukwengeza, ama-grinder anamadiski ahluka ngosayizi kodwa ububanzi obujwayelekile kakhulu bungu-115mm kuya ku-230mm. Ngalokhu, abathengi bangafinyelela ukunemba kokugaya okungaba ngu-0.000025mm ngoba kuwumsebenzi wokuqeda.

Eminye yemishini yokugaya ihlanganisa:

- Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamathuluzi omshini wezimboni abizayo njengemishini yokugaya

- Amathuluzi wamandla aphathwayo njengama-engeli grinder nama-dies grinder

– Amabhentshi okugaya

- Amatshe alola ummese ngesandla (amatshe okugaya)

7. Okhrayini

Ama-cranes angaphezulu yimishini esetshenziselwa ukuphakamisa izinto ezinzima ukusuka endaweni eyodwa ukuya kwenye. Ama-cranes akhiwe futhi adizayinelwe izinjongo ezithile noma izinhlelo zokusebenza ukuze kusingathwe kangcono izidingo zezinto ezibonakalayo. Akhiwe ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokucushwa noma izingxenye ezingashintshwa noma zenziwe ubunjiniyela ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwazo namandla.

Ama-cranes angaphezulu anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene, ezifaka:

- Ukulayisha nokukhipha izinto ezivela emalolini

- Ukugcwalisa noma ukudonsa kufa ngaphakathi nangaphandle emshinini wokugxiviza ovela ezitshalweni zokukhiqiza

- Ukuhambisa izinto endaweni endaweni ngendlela esebenza ngempumelelo uma kuqhathaniswa nabasebenzi

– Ukuphakela izinto zokusetshenziswa emshinini ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza

- Izitsha ezihambayo endaweni yesitimela noma endaweni yemikhumbi

- Ukuhambisa izingxenye ezahlukene nezingcezu phansi emgqeni wokuhlanganisa

8. Imishini yokwelapha ebusweni

Ukwelashwa okungaphezulu kuyinqubo eyengeziwe eqondiswa ezindaweni ezibonakalayo ngenhloso yokwengeza imisebenzi, isibonelo, ukumelana nokugqwala noma ukuthuthukisa izici zokuhlobisa ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka kwazo. Imishini yokwelapha engaphezulu yenza izigaba ezihlukene zezinqubo zokususa, okuhlanganisa ukuncibilika noma ukukhuhla izindawo. Futhi, imishini isebenza emisebenzini yokwengeza njengokudweba nokwelashwa kokushisa.

Okulandelayo yizindlela ezijwayelekile zokwelashwa kwendawo:

- Ukuhlanza - ukuqhumisa, ukuhlanza, nokucija

- Ukupholisha - ngomshini, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-electropolishing

- Ukudweba - ukupenda kwesifutho, i-electrostatic coating, kanye ne-electrodeposition coating

- I-Plating - i-electroplating, amakhemikhali, kanye ne-hot-dip coating

- Ukwelashwa kokushisa - ukucisha phezulu, ukushiswa kwamalahle, nokwelashwa kwe-nitriding

Isiphetho

Imishini yokukhiqiza ingahlukaniswa ngezindlela eziningi ngokuya ngohlobo lwemboni, usayizi, inhloso yamathuluzi, kanye nendlela yokuqalisa. Imishini ithuthukisa ukusebenza kahle ngenkathi isiza izinkampani ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yazo. Futhi, banciphisa izindleko zokusebenza njengoba bedinga ubuchwepheshe obuncane ukuze basebenze ngaphandle kwamaphutha noma amaphutha angaholela ekulahlekelweni. Ukuthola imishini yekhwalithi ngezinjongo zokukhiqiza, vakashela Chovm.com.