Iyini Isizukulwane Esisabalaliswa Kagesi: Ingabe Kuwumbono Omuhle?

Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla ngokomlando kuye kwazuzwa ngezimboni ezinkulu zikagesi, njengezikhungo zokuphehla amandla enuzi noma iziteshi eziphehla ugesi ngamalahle. Lokhu kuye kwasho inani elikhulu lemfucuza ngezindlela ezimbili: ukungcolisa udoti ovela ezitshalweni zikagesi kanye “nokulahlekelwa kolayini,” noma ukulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi sokuthutha.

Namuhla, ukuqhubekela phambili emandleni avuselelekayo ukuze kwenezele ukushoda kwamandla nokunciphisa imfucuza kuphusha ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukagesi ngezindlela ezintsha. Abasekeli besizukulwane esisabalalisiwe baphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kungafezwa abasebenzisi bokugcina abakhiqiza futhi bagcine amandla ezindlini zabo futhi bathengise ngokweqile kwabo emuva kugridi.

Kodwa yini ukukhiqizwa kukagesi osabalalisiwe futhi kungayisiza kanjani imvelo emhlabeni wonke? Funda uqhubeke.

Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukuphehlwa kukagesi osatshalaliswayo?
Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukukhiqiza amandla asabalalisiwe?
Yibuphi ububi bokusebenzisa ukuphehla amandla asabalalisiwe?
Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ugesi osabalalisiwe?
Isiphetho: Yini ekhiqizwa ugesi osabalalisiwe futhi inamuphi umthelela emvelweni

Kuyini ukuphehlwa kukagesi osatshalaliswayo?

Ukuphehlwa kukagesi okusabalalisiwe kubhekise ekukhiqizweni kwamandla ezingeni lendawo ngabasebenzisi bokugcina kanye nokushintshisana kwalowo gesi phakathi komsebenzisi wokugcina (umkhiqizi wamandla wendawo) kanye negridi kagesi ngezikhathi zokuncipha kokukhiqizwa kwamandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma umsebenzisi wokugcina ekhiqiza amandla amaningi kunalawo awasebenzisayo, angawathengisa abuyele kugridi. Ngokufanayo, lapho bengakwazi ukukhiqiza amandla anele, bangakwazi ukuthenga lokho abakushodayo kugridi.

Isibonelo sokusatshalaliswa kwamandla ngale ndlela kungaba lapho imithombo yamandla evuselelekayo yomsebenzisi wokugcina, njengamaphaneli elanga, inikeza amandla amaningi (ngokwesibonelo ezinyangeni zasehlobo). Kuleli qophelo, umsebenzisi wokugcina angagcina amandla awadingayo futhi athengise amanye abuyele kugridi kagesi ukuze asatshalaliswe kwenye indawo - umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokusabalalisa. Ezinyangeni zasebusika, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho amaphaneli elanga engasakhiqizi amandla anele kulowo msebenzisi wokugcina, angavele agcwalise ngokuthenga amanye kugridi.

Ngaphezu kokukhiqizwa kwamandla asekhaya, uhlelo lokuphehla amandla olusabalalisiwe luzokwandisa inani lezitshalo zikagesi, zenze eziningi zazo kodwa ngesilinganiso esincane futhi eduze nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Lokhu kusebenzela ukudala igridi yamandla yasendaweni eyengeziwe engasebenzisana kalula nokukhiqizwa kwamandla ekhaya.

Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa ukukhiqiza amandla asabalalisiwe?

Ziningi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa isizukulwane samandla esabalalisiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuzimela okwengeziwe kwamakhasimende, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo, kanye nokumosha okuncane. Ezinye zezinzuzo ezibalulekile zimi kanje:

Amandla ahamba ibanga elincane

Ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngezinga lendawo kusho ukuthi ugesi omningi (noma wonke) odingekayo usuvele usekhaya lomsebenzisi wokugcina. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zalokhu zihlanganisa:

- Ukulahleka komugqa okuncishisiwe, njengoba amandla ngeke adinge ukuhamba kude.

– Ukuncipha kwesidingo sengqalasizinda, okuphinde kusho ukuthi kuncane ukukhishwa kwesisi esibamba ukushisa kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla okukhiqiza ama-pylons namakhebula kagesi, kanye nesidingo esincane sezikhungo zikagesi.

- Izindleko ezincane kumakhasimende njengoba azoba nezinsiza zawo zamandla.

Yehlisa indaba yokubambezeleka nokunqanyulwa kukagesi okukhulu

Njengamanje, uma igridi yehla, izigidi zabantu zingashiywa zingenawo ugesi, kodwa ngesizukulwane esisabalalisiwe sikagesi, ukunqanyulwa kukagesi kuzothinta indawo encane kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma Photovoltaic (PV solar power) isizukulwane sisetshenziswa, kunethuba elikhulayo lokuthi amandla angabuyiselwa ngokushesha. Lolu hlobo lokuphehlwa kukagesi kugridi kazwelonke luya ngokuya lubhekwa futhi lucwaningwa.

Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo

Ukuba namayunithi okukhiqiza amandla ekhaya kusho ukudinga ukuqamba okusha kubuchwepheshe bamandla ahlanzekile. Lokhu kuzosho ukwanda kwezimali ukuvuselela njengelanga, umoya, igesi yemvelo evela kumquba, nokunye. Ukwengeza, lapho kukhiqizwa ugesi omningi ekhaya, kuyancipha ukuthembela kumajeneretha aphakathi nendawo, okusho ukuthi izikhulu zamandla zizophendukela ekutshaleni izinto ezivuselelekayo ukuze kugcinwe inzuzo.

Idala amandla ayindilinga

Lapho amandla athile eqile kungenzeka ukuthi amoshwa ngamamodeli adlule, ukukhiqiza amandla asabalalisiwe kusho ukuthi abasebenzisi bangathenga futhi badayisele igridi ezingeni lendawo, okusho ukuthi amandla asatshalaliswa emphakathini. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ezihlanganisiwe, ezifana nokushisa namandla, kusho ukuthi ngisho namanani amancane kakhulu amandla angasetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa ukudala inani elikhulu.

Yibuphi ububi bokusebenzisa ukuphehla amandla asabalalisiwe?

Naphezu kwazo zonke izinzuzo zalo, lolu hlobo lokuphehlwa kukagesi lusathuthukiswa futhi lusenezinkinga ezithile okufanele lunqobe:

Ukuphumelela

Akuwona wonke umuzi osebenzise iyunithi yawo yokuphehla amandla, okusho ukuthi ezingeni lendawo kungase kungabi namandla anele okunciphisa ukuthembela kugridi kagesi ngalesi sikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo bunayo hhayi okwamanje zafinyelela umthamo wazo ogcwele, okwenza zingasebenzi kahle kunezindlela zendabuko. Nokho, lokhu kuyashintsha. E-US kuphela, ukufakwa kwamaphaneli elanga kukhuphuke ngo 43% kusukela ngo-2019, nokuningi I-1 ku-7 Imizi yase-US ibikezele ukuthi isifake i-solar ngo-2030. Lokhu kwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuqaliswa kuzothuthukisa ukukhula okukhulu emkhakheni wamandla avuselelekayo.

Ukwenyuka kwezidingo zendawo

Nakuba ubuchwepheshe obuningi bokukhiqiza obusatshalalisiwe buzokwakhiwa ezindlini, njengamapaneli elanga ophahleni, izinjini zomoya ezincane engadini, namangqamuzana kaphethiloli aphehlwa ngegesi yemvelo ezinqolobaneni nasezindlini zangaphandle, kusazoba nesidingo sezikhungo ezinkulu zikagesi. Ukuze ugesi ophehlwayo ube ngokwendawo ngangokunokwenzeka, amapulazi omoya nelanga, izimboni eziphehla ugesi ngamanzi, izindawo zokushiswa kukadoti oqinile zikamasipala, nokunye konke kuzokwakhiwa eduze nemiphakathi ezisebenzisayo.

Lokhu kuyosho ukwanda kwesidingo somhlaba kunasesikhathini esidlule—okusho indawo encane yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, ezolimo, nokunye okwengeziwe. Lokhu kungase kube yinkinga emazweni anabantu abaningi, njenge-UK.

Ukungcoliswa komoya

Lobo buchwepheshe besizukulwane esisabalalisiwe obusebenzisa izinto ezivuthayo zisazongcolisa umoya, futhi lesi simiso sokusabalalisa singasho ukuthi ziseduze nezindawo ezinabantu abaningi. Uma izinhlelo zingasetshenziselwe ukunciphisa lobu bungozi, kungaholela ezingozini zezempilo futhi kube nomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba. Izixazululo zamandla asabalalisiwe zihlala zinyakaza kodwa ukuze kwehliswe umthelela wazo kwezemvelo.

Ukumoshwa kwamanzi

Obunye ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obusabalalisiwe bungase budinge amanzi okukhiqiza isitimu noma ukupholisa, njengoba kunjalo ngokushiswa kwemfucuza, ukushiswa kwe-biomass, nokushisa okuhlanganisiwe namandla. Lokhu kusho ukuthi naphezu kokuthi lolu hlelo lwamandla asabalalisiwe luyisinyathelo esibheke ekuzinzeni namandla aluhlaza, kusazoba nesidingo sokusebenzisa amanzi amaningi—insiza yethu eyigugu kakhulu.

Yibuphi ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko obusetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ugesi osabalalisiwe?

Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi okusatshalaliswayo kubanzi kakhulu kunokumane nje kube amalahle, inuzi, ilanga, igesi nomoya. Lolu hlobo lwesistimu yokukhiqiza amandla luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi zamajeneretha amandla ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo kanye nendawo yendawo nesimo sezulu. Ezinye ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Amaphaneli we-solar photovoltaic
• Izinjini zomoya ezincane
• Amaseli amafutha afuthwa ngegesi yemvelo
• Amajeneretha ayisipele esiphuthumayo
• Amasistimu okushisa namandla ahlanganisiwe (CHP).
• IHydropower
• Ukushiswa kwe-biomass/cofiring
• Ukushiswa kwemfucuza eqinile kamasipala

Isiphetho: Yini ekhiqizwa ugesi osabalalisiwe futhi inamuphi umthelela emvelweni

Ngemva kokuphendula umbuzo othi “yini ukuphehlwa kukagesi osabalalisiwe” kanye nokuthi iluphi uhlobo lomthelela onawo kwezemvelo, kokubili okuhle nokubi – ingabe kuyafaneleka?

Ukuphehlwa kukagesi okusatshalaliswa kuyindlela enhle yokunciphisa ukuthembela ezintweni zikagesi ezitholakala kude nomsebenzisi wokugcina noma ikhasimende. Lokhu kusho ukuncishiswa kokulahleka kolayini, izindleko zokuthutha kanye nengqalasizinda, kanye nokunqamuka kukagesi ngezinga elikhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlobo lokukhiqiza ugesi lufaka imali kubuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo futhi lusebenzisa imithombo yamandla avuselelekayo. Kusho futhi ukuthi amandla alahlekile ngaphambilini angaphinde athathwe ngokushesha futhi asetshenziswe.

Kodwa-ke, ukuphehlwa kukagesi asabalalisiwe kusenawo umkhondo, okuhlanganisa nesidingo esandayo somhlaba (sokusetha izizinda zokuphehla ugesi endaweni), ukumosheka kwamanzi okungaba khona lapho esetshenziselwa ukupholisa, kanye nokwanda kokungcoliswa komoya okuseduze nezindawo zasemadolobheni. Lezi zinkinga zidingidwa kanye namandla angakagcwaliseki ezinto ezivuselelekayo, njengelanga.

Ngokutshalwa kwezimali okukhuphukile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezinto ezivuselelekayo kanye nokuqaliswa okuphezulu kwezinjini zamandla zasekhaya, ezifana nomoya, ilanga, namaseli kaphethiloli, i-carbon footprint yale modeli yamandla yasendaweni izoncishiswa.