Ukuhlela Okusebenzayo Kwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo: Ukuthi Kuyini nokuthi Kwenziwa Kanjani

Nakuba abathengisi abaningi bengase bajwayele inqubo yokulethwa komkhiqizo kumakhasimende abo okugcina, bangase bajwayelane nenqubo "yokulethwa kwemayela lokugcina" - isigaba sokugcina sokuletha izimpahla noma amasevisi ukusuka kuhabhu yezokuthutha kuya ekhasimendeni lokugcina. Njengoba lokhu kuhlanganisa kuphela ingxenye yokugcina yayo yonke inqubo yezokuthutha, kubalulekile ukuthi ithimba labaphathi banoma iliphi ibhizinisi lithole ukuqonda okuphelele kokuphathwa kwesu lakho konke ukugeleza kwezimpahla namasevisi avela ezinkampanini eziningi, okuhlanganisa abahlinzeki, abakhiqizi, abasabalalisi, nabathengisi, kuze kufike ekugcineni kumakhasimende, ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuqondiswe ngendlela ephumelelayo ukuphathwa kwempahla.

Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole zonke izihloko ezibalulekile ezihlobene nokuhlelwa kwezinto- okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphathwa kwe-supply chain okuhlanganisa incazelo yayo, indima ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain, umgomo, izinselele abaphathi bezokuthutha ababhekana nazo, izinyathelo zokuhlela okuphumelelayo, kanye namagugu adalwe ngokuhlela okusebenzayo kwezinto.

Okuqukethwe
Kuyini ukuhlela izinto
Inhloso yokuphathwa kwempahla
Izici ezibalulekile zokuhlelwa kwezinto
Iqhaza lokuhlelwa kwempahla ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain
Izinselelo ezibhekene nabaphathi bezokuthutha
Amanani adalwe ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo
Izinyathelo zokuhlela ngempumelelo
Ukuthatha okhiye

Kuyini ukuhlela izinto

Ukuhlelwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuhilela ukudidiyelwa kwamasu okusungula, ukugcinwa, ukuphathwa kwe-oda, ukulawulwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, ukupakisha, nokulethwa ngaphakathi kwenkampani ukuze kusetshenziswe isikhathi ngokugcwele futhi kugeleze kunethiwekhi yezindawo ezixhumene. Idala inani phakathi Ukuphatha ukuhlinzeka ngokulinganisa izici ezifana nokugcina isikhathi, ukusebenza kahle, izindleko, isivinini, nokwaneliseka kwekhasimende kuyilapho kuqondaniswa ukuhanjiswa kwezimpahla ukusuka endaweni okuvela kuyo ukuya endaweni yokusetshenziswa. Umgomo omkhulu wokuhlelwa kwempahla ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamakhasimende kuyilapho kugcinwa inzuzo kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Inhloso yokuphathwa kwempahla

Ngokuvumelana nencazelo yayo, umgomo wokuhlelwa kwempahla uzungeza ekuthuthukiseni imisebenzi ye-supply chain ngokwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokuqinisekisa ukulethwa kwezimpahla ngesikhathi. Ngokuqhubeka nokwenza ngcono izinqubo zokugcinwa kwempahla, ezokuthutha, kanye ukuphathwa kwempahla, ukuhlelwa kwempahla kwenza izinqumo eziphumelelayo ezisekelwe kudatha nezibalo, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe.

Ukuqapha okulandelayo kanye nokulungiswa kwamasu ngokwezidingo zebhizinisi ezithuthukayo kuwumsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuhlelwa kwezinto. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo onjalo uqinisekisa ukukhonjwa njalo kwezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.

Izici ezibalulekile zokuhlelwa kwezinto

Izici ezibalulekile zokuhlelwa kwezinto zigxile ezintweni ezithile zochungechunge lokunikezela oluhlobene nokugcinwa, ukunyakaza, nokugeleza kwempahla, okuhlanganisa okulandelayo: 

1. Ukuthola nokuthengwa kwempahla: Isigaba sokuhlonza abahlinzeki abangaba khona, izinkontileka zokuxoxisana, nokuphatha ubudlelwano ukuze kutholwe izinto ezingavuthiwe, imikhiqizo, noma izinsizakalo ezivela kubahlinzeki-mpahla siyingxenye ebalulekile yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kokuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kuyilapho kunciphisa ukubambezeleka nezindleko.
2. Ezokuthutha nokuthuthukisa umzila: Izindlela zokuthutha ezingabizi kakhulu, ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nokukhetha umzila wezinqubo zokulethwa okushelelayo kanye nokulandelela ukuthunyelwa.
3. Ukuphathwa kokugcinwa kwempahla nokuphatha: Ukwenza ngcono ukugcinwa, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ukuze kusetshenziswe indawo egcwele kanye nenqubo yokulayisha/ukulayishwa kahle.
4. Ukuphathwa kwempahla kanye nokubikezela kwesidingo: Gcina amazinga aphezulu wesitoko ngokuhambisana nesilinganiso sezidingo zekhasimende ukuze uqinisekise ukutholakala kwemikhiqizo efanele ngesikhathi esifanele.
5. Ukuphathwa kwezinsiza: Ukwabiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwezinsiza ezikhona njengobuchwepheshe nesofthiwe, uhlelo lwezokuxhumana, okokusebenza, indawo, abasebenzi, kanye nezinsiza zezimali zokutshalwa kwezimali okulandelayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okungenazihibe.
6. Amasistimu namathuluzi: Yenza ngokuzenzakalela izinqubo zokuhlela lapho kufanele khona ukuze kuncishiswe amaphutha abantu ngokuthumela ubuchwepheshe nezisombululo eziqhutshwa yidatha.
7. Ukupakishwa nokugcwaliseka kwe-oda: Imiklamo yokupakisha esebenzayo nekhangayo kanye nokuphathwa kahle kwayo yonke inqubo yama-oda amakhasimende kusukela ngesikhathi soku-oda kuze kufike lapho izimpahla zithunyelwa ngaphandle.
8. Ukuphathwa kwembuyiselo: Ukuphathwa kokubuyiselwa kwezimpahla kanye nokuhlehliswa kwezinto ezivela kumakhasimende noma uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka lubandakanya ukubuyisela, ukukhanda, ukugaywa kabusha, noma ukulahlwa kwemikhiqizo.

Iqhaza lokuhlelwa kwempahla ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain

Njengoba ukuhlelwa kwezinto kuhilela ukudidiyelwa kwemisebenzi eyahlukene, okulandelayo ngezinye zezindima zakho ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain jikelele:

1. Ukwenza lula ukusebenza ngohlelo olufanele lomzila: Ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokusebenza kuhilela ukusebenza kwe-intermodal esebenzisa izindlela zokuthutha eziningi kanye nezinhlobo zeziqukathi zokunciphisa izindleko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokwethembeka. Ukuhlela umzila okucatshangelwayo kubalulekile ekulethweni okufika ngesikhathi nokuphephile.
2. Ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kokulethwa kanye nokulinganisa kwesidingo: Ukuthuthukiswa kokusebenza nokunciphisa udoti wensiza kusiza ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo jikelele. Ngosizo lwezibalo ezithuthukile nobuchwepheshe, ukulinganisa kwesidingo kusiza amabhizinisi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi agcwalise ama-oda ngempumelelo.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwamakhasimende kanye nokusabela okusheshayo: Okuhlangenwe nakho kwekhasimende kungathuthukiswa kakhulu ngokwenza lula izinqubo zezokuthutha ukuze kuncishiswe iziphazamiso eziqinisekisa ukulethwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuphendula ngokushesha emibuzweni yamakhasimende.
4. Ukunciphisa izindleko zokusebenza kanye nokukhulisa inzuzo: Ukwenza kahle kwemizila kanye nokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwempahla kusiza ekunciphiseni izindleko zokusebenza kuyilapho siziqhayisa ngokusebenza kahle kwebhizinisi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise inzuzo.

Izinselelo ezibhekene nabaphathi bezokuthutha

Ekuhlelweni kwezinto, izinselele abaphathi bezokuthutha ababhekana nazo zingahluka kuye ngemboni ethile kanye nenkampani, futhi lezi zinselele zidinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okunamasu, nokuxhumana okuphumelelayo, kanye nokubambisana phakathi kwababambe iqhaza abahlukahlukene enqubweni yezokuthutha. Nazi izinselelo ezijwayelekile okufanele wonke umuntu ophethe ukuhlelwa kwezinto aziqaphele:

1. Ukuphathwa kobunzima: Konke ukuhlelwa kwezinto kuhilela izici eziningi kanye nezingxenye ezihlukahlukene emisebenzini yezokuthutha, njengezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, nokuphathwa kwempahla. Imvelo eyinkimbinkimbi yenqubo ingaba yinkimbinkimbi, idinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela, ukukala izinketho, nokulungiswa ngokucophelela. 
2. Izinguquko zokujwayela: Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi icebo liyini, kufanele livumelane nezinguquko ezithile kanye nokuguquguquka kokulindelwe ngamakhasimende, isidingo, nokuhlinzeka kanye nezimo zemakethe zizonke. Lokhu kungaba nzima ukukulinganisela futhi kudinga ulwazi olwanele kanye nocwaningo lwemakethe ukunquma.
3. Ukwenziwa kahle kwesitoko nendawo: Ukulinganisa amazinga esitokwe, indawo yokugcina impahla, nomthamo wendawo ukuze ugweme ukuphela kwesitoko kanye nezimo zesitoko ngokweqile kungaba inselele eqhubekayo ehilela ukubikezela okunembile kwesidingo sanoma yibaphi abahleli bezokuthutha.
4. Ukusebenza kahle kwemizila: Ukuhlelwa kwemizila kungenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlela izinto ezibandakanya izikhathi zokulethwa, izindleko, kanye nokuhlelwa kwenqubo iyonke. Ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kunqubo enjalo kungase kudinge ukuzama kanye nephutha emizileni emisha, ukusetshenziswa okuphelele kokusebenza kwe-intermodal, nokucatshangwa kwethrafikhi nendawo.
5. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe: Ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha, amathuluzi amasha, kanye nezinhlelo ekusebenzeni okukhona ukuze kunikwe amandla okuzenzakalelayo ukusebenza kahle nokunemba kungaba kokubili umzamo obizayo futhi odla isikhathi njengoba kuhilela ukuqeqeshwa kabusha kwababambe iqhaza kanye nezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo ukuze uhlale umanje nobuchwepheshe obusafufusa.

Amanani adalwe ngokuhlelwa kwezinto ezisebenzayo

Kunamanani okungenani amathathu amakhulu angakhiwa ngokuhlela okusebenzayo kwezinto.

Imibono yebhizinisi nokukhula kwesikhathi eside kuyimiphumela yokuqala emikhulu yamalungiselelo ahlelwe kahle okuphathwa kwempahla. Isibikezelo esiphelele sesidingo samakhasimende asivumeli kuphela izinqumo ezinolwazi kodwa sikusiza ukuthi uhlale ngaphambi komncintiswano ngokuzivumelanisa nesimo semakethe esithuthukayo, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuthaze ukukhula okuzinzile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe nakho kuyizinzuzo eziqondile zemisebenzi eyenziwe lula kanye nokwabiwa kwezinsiza okuthuthukisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ngokubuyekezwa okuvamile kwezindawo okufanele zithuthukiswe, amabhizinisi angakwazi ukuzuza ukonga izindleko ezibalulekile, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise inzuzo, athuthukise amakhono awo, futhi alondoloze inzuzo yokuncintisana.

Okokugcina, icebo lelojistikhi elenziwe kahle linomthelela ekwazisweni kwamakhasimende okungcono. Ukulethwa okufika ngesikhathi nokunembile, okubhangqwe nemikhiqizo yekhwalithi kungakha ukusebenzisana okuhle okuqinisa isithunzi senkampani futhi kukhuthaze ubudlelwano obuhlala isikhathi eside namakhasimende.

Izinyathelo zokuhlela ngempumelelo

Kuyacaca manje ukuthi ukuhlela okusebenzayo kwempahla kubalulekile ekuphathweni ngempumelelo kwempahla. Bheka umhlahlandlela olandelayo wesinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngezenzo ezibalulekile ezibandakanyekayo ekudaleni uhlelo oluphelele lokuhlela:

1. Ukuhlaziya imisebenzi yamanje: Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwemisebenzi ekhona yezokuthutha, okuhlanganisa ezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, nokuphathwa kwempahla. Ngokuhlaziya amandla kanye nobuthakathaka benqubo yamanje yezokuthutha, izindawo okufanele zenziwe ngcono zingabonakala.
2. Ukuchaza izinjongo ezicacile ezihambisana nemigomo yebhizinisi: Izinjongo eziqondile nezilinganisekayo ngokuhambisana nezinjongo zebhizinisi zingasethwa ukuze kulandelelwe inqubekelaphambili uma imisebenzi yamanje isihlaziywe. Lesi sinyathelo sibandakanya ukuhlaziya izidingo zamakhasimende, amandla abahlinzeki, kanye nezimo zemakethe zizonke ukuze kubhekwane nezidingo zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. 
3. Ukusebenzisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe: Ukwamukela izixazululo ezifanele zobuchwepheshe, njengezinhlelo zokuphatha ezokuthutha (TMS), Amasistimu wokuphathwa kwempahla (WMS), kanye nesofthiwe yokuphathwa kwempahla, ukuze kumiswe futhi kusheshiswe inqubo yokuhlela iyonke. Sebenzisa ngokugcwele okunye ukunikezwa kobuchwepheshe benkampani yangaphandle njenge- imakethe yezimpahla zedijithali ukunciphisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kuwo wonke umzamo wokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zedijithali.
4. Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwendawo yokugcina izimpahla kanye nokuhlelwa komzila: Ukuhlelwa okuphumelelayo kwendlu yokugcina impahla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo kubalulekile ekwehliseni izindleko nasekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo. Izixazululo zesitoreji namashalofu ezishintshayo kanye nokuhlelwa komzila okwanele kuhilela ukucabangela izikhathi zokulethwa, izindleko, kanye nokuhlelwa kwenqubo iyonke. 
5. Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo nokulungiswa: Ukuhlelwa kokuhlela akuwona umcimbi wesikhathi esisodwa; idinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kanye nokulungiswa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ihlala isebenza kahle futhi ihambisana nesu lonke lebhizinisi.

Ukuthatha okhiye

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukucutshungulwa okusebenzayo, ukugcinwa, kanye nokuthuthwa kwezimpahla zisuka kubahlinzeki bempahla ziye kumakhasimende, ukuhlela okusebenzayo kwempahla kuyisici okufanele sibe nakho ekuphathweni kwe-supply chain. Inqubo yokuhlela yezokuthutha ihlanganisa ukuxhumanisa izinto eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukuphathwa kwezokuthutha, ukugcinwa kwempahla, kanye nempahla. Izinselele abaphathi bezokuthutha ababhekana nazo zihlanganisa ukuphatha ubunkimbinkimbi, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukwenza kahle isitoko nendawo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle komzila, nokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe. Ukuhlaziya ukusebenza kwamanje, ukubeka izinjongo ezicacile ezihambisana nemigomo yebhizinisi, ukusebenzisa izixazululo zobuchwepheshe, ukwenza ngcono ukwakheka kwendawo yokugcina impahla kanye nokuhlelwa komzila kanye nokuqapha njalo nokulungisa uhlelo kuyizinyathelo ezibalulekile zokuhlela okusebenzayo kwempahla. Ngokusebenzisa ukuhlelwa kwezinto eziyimpumelelo, amabhizinisi angakha inani ekukhuleni kwesikhathi eside, ukonga izindleko, kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Ukuze uhlale unolwazi lwakamuva ngemboni yezokuthutha kanye nezindaba zebhizinisi lesamba esikhulu, vakashela U-Chovm Uyafunda eshicilela njalo izihloko ezintsha.

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