Amasistimu Wokugcina Amandla Ebhethri aphezulu Okuthenga

Ukubaluleka kwamandla avuselelekayo angeke kweqiswe. Ngenxa yalokho, amazwe amakhulu anezinhlelo zokushintsha umnotho wawo ukuze ahlanzeke ngamandla. Isibonelo, uhulumeni wase-United States wenze ukuthuthukiswa kwamandla ahlanzekile kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwawo emnothweni a okugxilwe kuyo ekuphathweni kwayo. Ngendlela efanayo, uhulumeni waseChina uhlose ukuzuza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni ngo-2060.

Amasistimu okugcina amandla ayingxenye ebalulekile yalolu shintsho ekuvuseleleni amandla. Kusukela i amandla atholwe kokuvuselelekayo ngokuvamile kuba nezikhawu, amasistimu okugcina amandla anikeza amandla okugcina amandla avela emithonjeni evuselelekayo uma kukhona inala futhi asebenzise la mandla agciniwe lapho kudingeka.

Amabhethri awuhlobo oludume kakhulu lwesistimu yokugcina amandla, futhi azoba indawo okugxilwe kuyo yalesi sihloko.

Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa nomthelela wamasistimu okugcina amandla
Izinhlobo ezi-5 zamasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri
Ungawakhetha kanjani amabhethri angcono kakhulu azosetshenziswa ekhaya nakwezentengiso

Ukukhula kokusetshenziswa nomthelela wamasistimu okugcina amandla

Ngo-2020, i-California yabhekana nokunqamuka kukagesi kugridi. Nakuba lokhu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezithile, lokhu kuhlukile ngoba imithombo yamandla angaphandle kwegridi ibinomthamo owanele wokunikeza kabusha igridi. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kusetshenziswe ngoba amasistimu okugcina amandla ayengahlonyiselwe ukwenza kanjalo.

Ukuvimbela ukwenzeka okufanayo ngokuzayo, iCalifornia inezinhlelo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona okungenani 1 million amabhethri asekhaya ngo-2028.

Leli iphuzu elilodwa nje kumkhuba ojwayelekile obheke ekuboneni ukubaluleka kwamasistimu okugcina amandla athuthukisiwe.

Ngokuvumelana ne Wood MacKenzie, amandla okugcina amandla omhlaba acishe aphindeke kathathu ngonyaka ngo-2021 ngokufinyelela umthamo ongu-12 GW. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-1 TWh ngo-2030. Konke lokhu kukhomba ukukhula okungaba khona nethuba emkhakheni wokugcinwa kwamandla.

Izinhlobo ezi-5 zamasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri

Amabhethri ayindlela eyinhloko yamasistimu okugcina amandla. Nokho, akuwona wonke amabhethri angasetshenziselwa le njongo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri ongazisebenzisela lokhu ngobuhle nobubi ngabanye.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion ziwuhlobo oludume kakhulu lwebhethri. Kungenzeka ukuthi ujwayelene nawo ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile ngoba asetshenziselwa ukunika amandla amafoni namakhompyutha aphathekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mayelana U-90% wamasistimu okugcina amandla ebhethri sebenzisa amabhethri e-lithium-ion. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azisindi, aminyene ngamandla, futhi anezinye izinzuzo eziningi.

Nokho, ngokuvamile abiza kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zebhethri. Naphezu kwalokhu, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-US uyabacabangela inketho engcono kakhulu uma kuziwa ekusebenzeni.

Amabhethri e-lead-acid

Amabhethri e-lead-acid asetshenziswa kakhulu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni. Lawa mabhethri asebenziseka kalula ngokwemvelo njengoba cishe u-80% wezingxenye zawo zingagaywa kabusha. Abuye ashibhile uma kuqhathaniswa, nakuba ephila isikhathi esifushane.

Amabhethri agelezayo

Ibhethri eligelezayo lisebenzisa isisombululo se-electrolyte esiwuketshezi ukugcina amandla. Lolu hlobo lwebhethri luvamise ukuba nomthamo omkhulu. Kodwa-ke, inohambo oluphansi lokuya nokubuya, okusho ukuthi ithatha amandla amaningi kakhulu kunalawo ayihlinzekayo. Ukuvuma lokhu, uMnyango Wezamandla wase-United States uthe kuzoba khona ukusebenza kahle kuyazuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ngenxa yomthamo walo omkhulu, lolu hlobo lwebhethri lulungele amaphrojekthi amakhulu adinga amandla emashumini ama-megawatts. Kuqondile futhi ukukala uma usuyitshalile imali yokuqala.

I-sodium-sulphur

Amabhethri e-sodium-sulphur asebenzisa i-sodium encibilikisiwe nesibabule. Isibabule yinkokhelo ephozithivu ngenkathi

i-sodium iyinkokhelo engalungile. Lokhu kwakheka kunikeza ibhethri izinga eliphezulu lokugcina amandla—cishe u-90%.

Ziyakwazi futhi esimeme ngaphezu lithium-ion amabhethri ngoba izinto zabo ziningi ngaphakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba.

Kodwa-ke, ukuze uwasebenzise, ​​kufanele uwagcine eshisa phakathi kuka-572 kuya ku-662 degrees Fahrenheit, okuwenza angafaneleki ukusetshenziswa endaweni yokuhlala.

Kukhona ukusetshenziswa okusabalele kwalolu hlelo lwebhethri lokugcina amandla ezindaweni ezifana ne-Japan ne-Abu Dhabi.

Amabhethri amanzi anosawoti

Ibhethri lamanzi anosawoti lisebenzisa i-sodium njengomqhubi walo oyinhloko, i-sodium efanayo esetshenziswa kusawoti wetafula. Ngakho-ke, kuphephe kakhulu futhi kunengozi encane yokuqubuka komlilo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Futhi ayisebenzisi izinto ezinobuthi njenge-lead acid noma i-lithium, iyenza igaywe kabusha kalula.

Nokho, leli bhethri linenani eliphansi lamandla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, livamise ukuba likhulu kunamanye amabhethri. Lokhu kukhula kosayizi nakho kwenza kubize kakhulu.

Ungawakhetha kanjani amabhethri angcono kakhulu azosetshenziswa ekhaya nakwezentengiso

Kufanele ucabangele izici ezahlukahlukene lapho ukhetha isistimu yokugcina amandla ebhethri. Zihlanganisa:

Amandla namandla

Umthamo webhethri empeleni uwukuthi uzohlala isikhathi esingakanani uma unika amandla ikhaya lakho noma ibhizinisi. Lokhu kuvame ukuvezwa ngamahora e-Kilowatt (kWh). Amandla ebhethri anquma ukushuba kwamandla ibhethri eliwakhiphayo uma ulisebenzisa. Lokhu kuvezwa kW.

Uma ibhethri linamandla aphezulu kanye nomthamo ophansi, ungalisebenzisa ukunika amandla amathuluzi amaningi, kodwa isikhathi esifushane. Uma inamandla aphansi namandla aphezulu, ungayisebenzisa ngemishini encane, kodwa ihlala isikhathi eside.

Ukujula kokukhishwa

Ibhethri kufanele njalo igcine ishaji ukuze isebenze. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awuvamisile ukusebenzisa umthamo webhethri usuwonke. Ukujula kokukhipha yiphuzu lapho kufanele ushaje khona ibhethri.

Isibonelo, uma ibhethri inokukhipha ukujula okungu-90% futhi inamandla angu-10 kWh, umkhawulo ongawusebenzisa ngu-9 kWh ngaphambi kokuba kudingeke ukuthi uyishaje.

Ukusebenza kahle kohambo olubuyayo

Ukusebenza kahle kohambo lokuya nokubuya kwebhethri iphesenti lamandla ongawasebenzisa uma kuqhathaniswa namandla owaphakela ibhethri. Isibonelo, uma unikeza ibhethri lamandla angu-5 kW futhi ukwazi ukubuyisela u-4 kW kuphela, ukusebenza kahle kohambo lokuya nokubuya kungu-80%.

Iwaranti

Iwaranti yebhethri ngokuvamile iyisiqinisekiso esivela kumkhiqizi mayelana nomthamo webhethri ngemva kwesikhathi esithile. Isibonelo, uma iwaranti yebhethri ingu-70% ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, lokhu kusho ukuthi eminyakeni eyishumi, ungalindela ukuthi ibhethri lilahlekelwe cishe ngamaphesenti angu-30 wamandla ayo.

Producer

Futhi ufuna ukucabangela umkhiqizi webhethri lapho uthenga. Ingabe kufanele uye koqala noma umakadebona ogqamile? Amabhethri enziwe iziqalisi ngokuvamile anezintsha, kodwa isiqalisi sinerekhodi elifushane uma kuqhathaniswa.

Kumakadebona amnyama, izindima ziyahlehliswa. Ungaqiniseka ngerekhodi lengoma kamakadebona, kodwa kungase kube nokuqanjwa okusha okuncane ekusebenzeni kwebhethri.

Isiphetho

Kuze kube manje, sixoxile ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Siphinde sasho amathiphu okufanele uwacabangele lapho ukhetha isistimu yokugcina amandla. Konke lokhu ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ugcina unesistimu yokugcina amandla edlula zonke izidingo zakho.