Izixazululo Zemvelo Zomkhakha Kawoyela Negesi

Uwoyela negesi kuyimithombo engavuseleleki, futhi izinqubo zokuzikhipha emhlabeni bezilimaza imvelo ngezindlela eziningi. Imboni kawoyela negesi ayinalo idumela elingcono kakhulu lokuvikelwa kwemvelo nokusimama. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi evela ezindaweni zokusebenzela zesimo sezulu, abalawuli, ababambisene nabo ebhizinisini kanye nomphakathi wonkana, imboni isiqalile ukwenza uguquko oluya ezindleleni ezizinzile. Lesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi imboni ifuna kanjani ukunciphisa i-carbon footprint yayo futhi ithuthukise ukusimama kwemvelo.

Okuqukethwe
Idatha yemakethe yezemvelo
Izindlela ezi-5 imboni kawoyela negesi eyenza ngcono ukusimama 
Imicabango yokugcina

Idatha yemakethe yezemvelo

Amanzi angumthombo obalulekile wokukhiqiza uwoyela negesi, futhi ngokusho kwe I-International Energy Agency okulinganiselwe 13 billion cubic metres amanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa emhlabeni wonke ngo-2006. Ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni eyingozi evela ekukhiqizweni kukawoyela negesi I-2017 ihlangene ifinyelele ku-15% yenani elikhishwe ukushiswa kwalawo mafusi, kanti ngaphezu kwengxenye yalawo maphesenti ali-15 aphuma ekukhipheni ngamabomu i-methane nokunye ukungcola okungavinjelwa. Ngokusho kwe-US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), i-methane kubikwa ukuthi inamandla okufudumala okungaphezu kwalokho Izikhathi ezingama-25 kune-CO2.

Imboni kawoyela negesi ifuna ukuguqula isimo sayo sengqondo, inciphise umthelela wazo endaweni ezungezile, futhi ithuthukise izinqubo zayo zokumba nokukhiqiza. Kubonakala sengathi imboni izimisele ngokuthuthuka, futhi ngo-2021 kuphelile 4,300 ukuthunyelwa kwemisebenzi kuwoyela negesi yagqamisa ukusimama kwemvelo.

Izindlela ezi-5 imboni kawoyela negesi eyenza ngcono ukusimama

Nazi izindlela ezinhlanu imboni kawoyela negesi eyenza ngayo ngcono indlela yayo yokuvikela imvelo nokusimama:

1. Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ahlanzekile kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugaywa kabusha kwamanzi

Amanzi awumthombo obalulekile wenqubo yokumba uwoyela negesi, ikakhulukazi ekusebenzeni kwama-fracking kanye nasekuhlukaniseni uwoyela esihlabathini sikawoyela. Imboni kawoyela negesi isebenzisa amakhulu ezigidi zemiphongolo yamanzi ahlanzekile nsuku zonke, futhi indawo eyodwa yokuqhekeka ingasebenzisa imiphongolo engu-200,000 XNUMX ngosuku. Uma kunganikezwa izixazululo ezingahlinzeka ngamanzi avela emithonjeni egaywe kabusha, lokhu kunciphisa isidingo samanzi ahlanzekile. Ngenhlanhla, izinkampani eziningi manje sezifuna izindlela zokusebenzisa kuphela amanzi angewona amanzi ahlanzekile, ngokuthola izindlela zokuphinda zigaywe kabusha amanzi anosawoti emithonjeni esemhlabeni, amanzi angcolile kamasipala, kanye nasezintabeni ezisetshenziselwa ukuqhekeka.

Izinqubo zokuhlunga amanzi zenzelwe lokho kusetshenziswa i-industrial reverse osmosis kanye nezixazululo ezithuthukisiwe zokuhlanza amanzi ukuze kususwe ukungcola okungafika ku-99.9% emithonjeni yamanzi ehlukene yokuphakelwa kwamanzi angcolile. Lezi zinhlelo zingakwazi ukuhlunga ukungcola ngesisindo samangqamuzana angaphezu kuka-150-250 Dalton, futhi zisebenzise kabusha amanzi emanzini anosawoti, kamasipala nangaphezulu. Ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zemboni, imishini yokukhiqiza kabusha esezingeni eliphezulu kudingeka unikeze ngaphezulu kuka-100,000L ngehora.

2. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamafutha asetshenzisiwe

Uwoyela ongcolile uyingozi emvelweni, kodwa manje sekunomkhuba omuhle wokuthi izinkampani zikawoyela negesi ziwusebenzise amasistimu okubuyisela uwoyela imfucuza ecwenga uwoyela osetshenzisiwe ube uphethiloli osetshenziswa udizili. Lezi zinhlelo zokuthola amandla aphezulu zingakhiqiza uphethiloli wekhwalithi ye-Euro V odingeka kakhulu, emishinini yezimboni kanye nezidingo zezimoto zezentengiselwano, futhi ukubuyisela kuyindlela eshibhile ezindleleni ezijwayelekile zokulahla uwoyela.

3. Ukunciphisa ukuvuza kwe-methane

Ukukhishwa kwe-methane kuthathwa njengembangela yesibili ngobukhulu ukushisa kakhulu komhlaba, futhi nakuba okuningi kwalokhu kuvela emkhakheni wezolimo, imboni kawoyela negesi inegalelo elikhulu.

Ukuvuza kwe-methane kungabangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle kwemishini, noma ngokusebenzisa izakhi ezimbi. Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zingadlala indima yazo ngokuthi ukubona ukuvuza kwe-methane nokuxazulula izinkinga zabo. I-International Energy Agency (IEA) ithi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi umkhakha kawoyela negesi unciphise ukukhishwa kwe-methane ngobuchwepheshe obukhona nobusafufusa.

Amaphrojekthi wokuthwebula i-methane njengamanje awela ezindaweni ezimbili, ukubamba kanye nokushiswa kwe-methane (ukwakha i-CO2 namanzi), kanye nokuthwebula nokuhlanza i-methane ukuze ukukhiqiza igesi yemvelo eyikhwalithi yamapayipi ukusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nasezimbonini.

4. Ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo

Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi nazo zibheke ekusetshenzisweni okukhulu kwamandla avuselelekayo, kokubili ukunika amandla ukukhiqiza kwazo kanye nokuphakela abathengi ngqo. Isibonelo, ngo-2021, i-BP yathola isabelo esingu-$200 million kumkhiqizi omkhulu wamandla elanga eYurophu. Abahlinzeki bakawoyela negesi babheke kakhulu amapulazi elanga nabahlinzeki bamandla elanga, futhi baningi abahlinzeki be izixazululo zobuchwepheshe bomoya.

5. Ukuthuthukiswa kokucubungula nokusebenzisa kangcono idatha

Ucwaningo selukhombisile ukuthi ukuhlaziya idatha okungcono kungaletha intuthuko izikhathi ezingama-30-50 ukutshalwa kwezimali kwasekuqaleni kukawoyela negesi, ngokunciphisa umthelela wemvelo wokukhiqiza ngokunciphisa imfucuza, ingozieizinsuku kanye nezingqinamba zokusebenza. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-inthanethi yezimboni yezinto (IIOT), ukuhlaziya idatha okungcono, ukuzenzela okwengeziwe, nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezisafufusa zobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI) konke kungasiza ukunciphisa noma ngisho nokuqeda ukungasebenzi kahle.

Imicabango yokugcina

Ukucutshungulwa kwemboni kawoyela negesi kunyukile eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi ngokukhuphuka kwemithetho kanye nezingcindezi zomphakathi. Umthelela wale mboni endaweni ezungezile ubangela ukukhathazeka, ngokufaka isandla ekuvuzeni kwe-methane, umthelela wemvelo ngokusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile, kanye nokulimala kwemvelo ngokuvuza kukawoyela negesi.

Ziningi izindawo ezingathuthukiswa ngezinqubo ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, ukunakekelwa okungcono kwemishini, kanye nokusebenzisa ukuhlunga kwamanzi asetshenzisiwe kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza igesi ye-methane. Izinkampani zikawoyela negesi zingakhiqiza ngendlela efanayo, ngezindleko ezincishisiwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu zibe nenani eliphansi lekhabhoni eliphelele kanye nomthelela omncane kwezemvelo.