Amathrendi Abalulekile Emishini Yepulazi Nezolimo

Imishini yasemapulazini neyezolimo isetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukutshala, ukuhlakula, ukuchelela, ukuvuna, ukuklama ifolishi, nokugawulwa kwamasimu. Kodwa-ke, imishini yezolimo ethuthukisiwe ibuyekezwa minyaka yonke ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza komsebenzi wasensimini. 

Lesi sihloko sidingida amathrendi adumile angasiza abakhiqizi bezolimo ukuthi bahlale ngaphambi kokuqanjwa kabusha kwakamuva nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha. 

Ukukhula kwemakethe yemishini yezolimo

Usayizi wemakethe yemishini yezolimo emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula esihlanganisiwe sonyaka (CAGR) sika 6.0%, isuka e-US $105 billion ngo-2019 iya e-US $166.491 billion ngo-2027. Lezi zinsiza zezolimo zihlanganisa abavuni, ogandaganda, abalimi, namageja ukusiza ngemisebenzi eyahlukene yokulima. 

Ukukhula kubangelwa:

• Ukushoda okukhulu kwabasebenzi basemapulazini kuphoqa abakhiqizi ukuthi babheke imishini engahlangabezana nezidingo zabasebenzi, 
• Ukwanda kwabantu abadinga isivuno esithuthukisiwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sokudla emhlabeni wonke,
• Ukuthuthuka kwezimboni ngokushesha, amandla okuthenga akhuphukayo, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla okupakishwe ngekhwalithi,
• Izibonelelo zikahulumeni, njengamaholide entela, izibonelelo, kanye nezinsiza ezifinyelelekayo zokubolekwa imali, zithuthukisa umkhakha wezolimo emazweni aneminotho ekhulayo. 

Amathrendi abalulekile emishini yezolimo neyezolimo 

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, imishini yasemapulazini ibe nezinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqiza nokuvikeleka kokudla. Okulandelayo amathrendi abalulekile okufanele wazi:

Imishini esimeme

Isihloko sokusimama singene emkhakheni wezolimo, njengoba abakhiqizi abaningi beklama imishini ehlangabezana nalesi sidingo somhlaba wonke. 

Ngokwesibonelo, imishini yokulungisa inhlabathi iklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi nokukhuthazelela umsoco womhlabathi ukuze uthole isivuno esihle. Abakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo baphinde baklame imishini esebenzisa kahle amanzi okunisela ukuze bagweme ukumoshakala.

Abalimi bazophinde bafune ukutshala imali kogandaganda, ibhulokhi, nezivuni ezikhipha amagesi abamba ukushisa ambalwa emkhathini ukuze kuvikelwe indawo ezungezile.

Isimo sokusimama sizoqhubeka kuze kufike esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla sibe sinciphisa imiphumela yemvelo ekulimeni. 

Imboni yemishini yezolimo cishe izodlula kuguquko ukusiza ukuvikela imvelo ekufudumaleni komhlaba nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kunanini ngaphambili. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohulumeni abaningi bazothuthukisa uxhaso lwabo lwemishini yasemapulazini esimeme ukuze bakhuthaze abalimi ukuthi bayithenge. Ezolimo ziphakathi kwamasu amazwe amaningi njengoba ziqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla; ngakho-ke, impahla yasemapulazini esimeme kuwumkhuba ozobumba ikusasa lokulima. 

Imishini engcono yokufaka umanyolo

Imishini kamanyolo ngokungangabazeki iyingxenye eyinhloko yokulima okukhulu namuhla. Sezadlula izinsuku lapho abalimi befaka umanyolo besebenzisa izandla zabo njengoba ubuchwepheshe buye benza kube lula abasakazi bomanyolo. 

Kodwa-ke, imishini emidala ayizange ibhekane nokusatshalaliswa kukamanyolo okufanayo nokunembayo. Ukuvundisa ngokweqile nokungavundisi kancane kwenzeka kwezinye izingxenye zepulazi, okuholele ekukhiqizweni kokudla okungafanele. 

Umkhuba omusha ubandakanya ukukhiqiza imishini ethuthukisiwe yokufaka umanyolo eyenza ngcono ukusatshalaliswa komanyolo wekhwalithi. Imishini emisha ibheka ukuthambeka nokuphakama kwezwe ukuze kutholakale ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga umanyolo owengeziwe nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezidinga kancane. 

Amayunithi okulinganisa emishini yokuvundisa aqhutshwa ngogesi ukuze anikeze ukulawula okunembayo, ngaleyo ndlela kugwenywe inkinga yokufaka umanyolo ngokweqile noma ukungafaki umanyolo. Ngokwesibonelo, imishini ingase ithole ukuthi imimango idinga umanyolo owengeziwe ngenxa yokuthi izakhi zenhlabathi engaphezulu ziye zagezelwa esigodini noma emathafeni. 

Imishini yokunemba

Ukusungulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kube nomthelela omkhulu embonini yemishini yezolimo, futhi ukulima okunembayo kungenye yezindlela ezijabulisayo okufanele uziqaphele. Ukulima okunembayo kudinga imishini esezingeni eliphezulu nesezingeni eliphezulu, kodwa abalimi abethuswa ubunkimbinkimbi bale mishini. 

Eminye imishini yokunemba kwezolimo ihlanganisa drones kanye nezinzwa zasensimini ezenza abalimi bakwazi ukugxila ezidingweni zesilimo ngasinye kanye nemininingwane emincane. Ama-drones aqoqa ukwaziswa ngomhlaba, imbewu, izitshalo, imfuyo, izinto zokulima, umanyolo nomoya, ngaleyo ndlela esiza abalimi ukuba baqonde ukuthi yiziphi izici okufanele bazithuthukise ukuze bathole isivuno esingcono. 

Ukulima okunembayo kuhloswe ukubusa ukulima kwangomuso okukhulu. Ezinye izinkampani seziqalile ukusebenzisa imishini yokutshala neyokulima enembayo ukuze izisize zithuthukise ukukhiqizwa kokudla. 

Imisebenzi yerobhothi

Nakuba imboni yezolimo ibihamba kancane ekwamukeleni ukusebenza kwamarobhothi kunemboni yokukhiqiza, kunethemba lokuthi intshisekelo izokhula ngokushesha. 

Iningi lokusungulwa kwemishini yezolimo selifinyelele imikhawulo yalo, ngaleyo ndlela linciphisa intuthuko engaba khona esikhathini esizayo. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bangasebenzisa ubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini ukuthuthukisa le mishini. 

Imishini yamarobhothi izothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, isebenze ezimeni ezingezinhle, futhi ithuthukise umkhiqizo wezolimo. Le mishini ayikudingi ukungenelela komuntu futhi ingasebenza ngezimpelasonto nasebusuku, ngaleyo ndlela isheshise ukukhiqizwa kokudla futhi yehlise nezindleko. 

Cabangela ezinye izitayela zamarobhothi ezolimo imboni engazithola kanye nezinzuzo zazo:

• Amarobhothi okutshala atshala amageja aqondiswa yikhamera azonciphisa isidingo semithi yokubulala ukhula. 
• Ukwenza kahle hle izifutho zezolimo kungasiza ukuphatha ukhula ngendlela efanele. 
• Izinzwa zamanoveli zingasetshenziswa kanye namarobhothi ukuze kutholwe izinambuzane nezifo, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane njengoba inkinga ingaqondiswa ngokuqondile esikhundleni sokufafaza ipulazi lonke. 
• Amarobhothi asensimini angasiza futhi ekwehliseni ukumoshwa kwamanzi njengoba abalimi bengakwazi ukukala futhi bakhulise amanzi okunisela. Amarobhothi angaphinda asebenzise ubuchwepheshe obunembayo ukuze asebenzise umanyolo, ngaleyo ndlela ehlise imithelela yemvelo ngendlela efanele. 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yamarobhothi ingasiza ekwenzeni imisebenzi ethile yasepulazini, okuhlanganisa nokukhipha imfucuza ezibayeni zezilwane kanye nokuthwala ukudla kwezilwane. 

Isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo yezolimo singase sikhuthaze abalimi ukuthi bamukele ukusebenza kwamarobhothi uma bengafuni ukuphuma ebhizinisini. 

Abasebenzi abazimele kanye nezixazululo ezikude

Abalimi nabakhiqizi bebelokhu bedlala ngombono wezixazululo zemishini ekude isikhathi eside, kepha ubhubhane lufuna ukuthi zisetshenziswe. Yonke imboni, kuhlanganisa nemboni yemishini yezolimo, yaqala ukufuna izindlela zokusebenza ikude.

Abasebenzi abazimele sebengomunye wemikhuba yemishini yezolimo abalimi abasizakala ngayo. Izinkampani zokulima zithole ukuthi zingehlisa izindleko ngokuthatha izixazululo zemishini ezikude. 

Uma nje kunedatha enembile namathuluzi afanelekile, abasebenzi bangakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi ngempumelelo ngaphandle kokugadwa eduze. Bazophatha ngokuzimela imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi besebenzisa imishini ethuthukisiwe, ngaleyo ndlela banciphise izindleko zabasebenzi. 

Ukusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwemishini emazweni asathuthuka

Amazwe amaningi asathuthuka athembele kakhulu emsebenzini wezandla, kusukela ekulungiseni umhlabathi kuya ekuvuneni. Lokhu kungabiza futhi kudle isikhathi kubalimi. Ukuthembela ngokweqile emsebenzini wezandla nakho kube nomthelela ekuntulekeni kokudla kula mazwe njengoba abalimi bengakwazi ukwenza okwengeziwe. 

Nokho, umkhuba omusha wokufaka imishini yezolimo ethuthukisiwe uyabonakala kulawa mazwe. Lo mkhuba kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule umfutho eminyakeni ezayo, okuzovumela abalimi ukuthi bakhiqize umkhiqizo omningi ngokushesha. 

Lo mkhuba uyizindaba ezinhle kubakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo ngoba bangakhomba abalimi abavela emazweni asathuthuka. Ukuqagela okukodwa kukhombisa ukuthi imakethe yemishini yezolimo kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) ka-4.8% kusukela ngo-2021-2031 ngenxa yezinzuzo zikahulumeni. 

Izinhlelo zokunisela ezingcono

Ukuntuleka kwamanzi okubangelwa isomiso isikhathi eside kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke. Namuhla, abacwaningi abaningi banesithakazelo ekwenzeni ngcono izivuno zezolimo kuyilapho besebenzisa imithombo yamanzi etholakalayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukufaka isandla ekufudumaleni komhlaba. 

Abacwaningi baklama okusha izinhlelo zokunisela ezosebenzisa amanzi amancane ukuchelela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa isivuno sezitshalo. Ngale mishini, abalimi bangalima amasimu ashiywe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi anele. 

I-inthanethi yezinto inikeze abalimi inkundla yokuthumela izinzwa zenethiwekhi ezinembile ukuze banqume inani lamanzi adingekayo ensimini ngayinye. Kwesinye isikhathi bangathembela kudatha yezinzwa ukwenza ukuchelela kwezwe elithile. 

Ubuchwepheshe bamanje bugxile ekwehliseni amandla asetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokunisela, kodwa kuseza okunye okuzonciphisa ukumoshakala kwamanzi. Uhlelo lokunisela lwesimanje nalo luhloselwe ukulondoloza umswakama wenhlabathi, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukuchelela. 

Amabhizinisi okukhiqiza asevele efuna izindlela zokwenza ogandaganda ukuze balawule ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana, kuyilapho izitayela zemishini yezolimo kanye nobuchwepheshe bubonisa ukuthi le migomo emihle ingafinyelelwa abalimi emhlabeni wonke. 

Izimali ezinkulu zemishini

Omunye umkhuba wemishini yezolimo abalimi abatshala imali emishinini emikhulu enamandla okukhipha amahhashi. Imishini emikhulu efana nogandaganda kanye abavuni abahlanganisiwe ahlukahlukene futhi anenzuzo epulazini ngoba angenza imisebenzi yezolimo engaphezu kowodwa. 

Imishini yasepulazini iyabiza, futhi abalimi bazofuna amamodeli amakhulu ekhwalithi ukuze bahlale beqinile futhi bakhulise umkhiqizo. Lo mkhuba uyasiza futhi kubakhiqizi abafuna ukuzuza ngemiklamo yabo. 

Njengoba izinkampani eziningi zihlose ukukhiqiza izitshalo ezinhle, amabhizinisi amaningi asebenzisa imishini emikhulu enjengogandaganda futhi ahlanganise izinto zokuvuna. 

Ukusatshalaliswa Kwe-inthanethi Yezinto

Ukuthunyelwa Kwezinto ze-inthanethi eshibhile (i-IoT) enye inkambiso yemishini yezolimo ezosiza abalimi ukuthi bahlaziye idatha ngezinga lokushisa, isimo sezulu, izintengo, umswakama, nokunye okwengeziwe ukuze bakhiqize kangcono.

Abalimi bangasebenzisa lokhu kuqonda ukuhlela nokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nezinsiza ezidingekayo kanye nendlela yokusabalalisa. I-inthanethi Yezinto yenza abalimi bakwazi ukuqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela epulazini mayelana nezitshalo nemfuyo ukuze basize ngezifo nokulawula izinambuzane. 

Imibhede ye-Agri-tech esathuthukiswayo njengamanje iyisibonelo esihle sendlela ezayo yokusebenzisa i-IoT ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezokuxhumana.  

Ukudijithali 

Idatha iyimbewu eyinhloko yokukhula kunoma iyiphi imboni, futhi imishini yezolimo ayihlukile. Ukuqoqa ulwazi olunembile ngezinqubo zezolimo kanye nemishini kungenzeka kube ukuthambekela kwemakethe okubalulekile. 

Imishini yasemapulazini izokwenziwa idijithali ukuze isize ukuqoqa ulwazi olubalulekile olungase lusetshenziselwe intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo. Le datha iphinde ihlomise abalimi ukuthi bahlole izici ezihlobene nezitshalo ezifana nokusebenza kwemishini ukuhlangabezana nezidingo. 

Imboni yemishini yasemapulazini izothola idijithali yedijithali ukuze ithuthukise ukusebenza kwayo nokuqoqwa kwedatha. Abakhiqizi bangaphinda basebenzise le datha ukuthuthukisa okokusebenza kwabo. 

Umjaho wokufaka ugesi

Izitayela ezithakazelisayo nazo ziyabonakala ku ogandaganda kanye nezivuni, lapho abakhiqizi beshintsha ama-hydraulic actuators bafake kagesi.

Ukushiyeka okuningana okuhlobene nama-hydraulic actuators aqhubekisela phambili lo mkhuba, okuhlanganisa:

• Amapayipi amakhulu athinta izici zemishini kanye nokuguquguquka komklamo womshini
• Izindleko eziphezulu zokulondoloza
• Ukungcoliswa okungenzeka kwemvelo ngokuvuza kukawoyela nezinye izingozi zokuphepha.

Ama-actuator kagesi awazenzi lezi zinsongo futhi anamandla amaningi, njengokusheshisa okuphezulu, ukunemba, ukulawula kalula, ukunakekelwa okuphansi, nokulawula okulula kwedijithali.

Imishini yezolimo ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuluhlaza ngokushintshashintsha kwezimoto zikagesi okuhloswe ngayo umgomo we-net-zero. Ngemishini esindayo yasepulazini, ukufakwa kukagesi kwezolimo kuxhumene kakhulu namarobhothi azimele.

I-boom yokuqasha

Ukuthenga ogandaganda abasindayo nemishini kungakhuphula kakhulu izindleko zokulima futhi kudle inzuzo. Ngenxa yalokho, kuvela indlela entsha yezixazululo zokuqasha ukusiza ukukhulisa imali engenayo ngokunciphisa izindleko. Lo mkhuba cishe uzoduma njengoba abalimi befuna izindlela zokwandisa umholo wabo.

Ogandaganda abangashayeli

Ezolimo zivame ukubhekwa njengomsebenzi onzima, okubiza abalimi imali eningi ngamaholo ahlobene. Kodwa-ke, imboni kagandaganda yesimanje ishintsha ogandaganda abangabashayeli ngogandaganda abazishayelayo.

Lab' ogandaganda bafakelwe ama-software amaningi kanye nezingxenye zehadiwe ukuze kuncishiswe ukungenelela kwabantu ngenkathi kukhulisa umkhiqizo. Ngalezi ntuthuko, abalimi bamukela ubuchwepheshe bezolimo, ikakhulukazi ogandaganda, esikhundleni somsebenzi wezandla.

Isiphetho

Ezolimo ziwumgogodla weminotho eminingi, futhi imishini yezolimo ithrenda ekuhlanganiseni ubuchwepheshe obuhlakaniphile. Ngenxa yalokho, i- imishini yokulima imboni iyaqhubeka nokukhula ngezitayela ezintsha ezithembisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuthuthukisiwe kanye nezindleko ezincishisiwe. 

Abalimi bangalindela izitayela ezithokozisayo ezifana nokusebenzisa ama-drones ukuqoqa idatha yesikhathi sangempela, ukwamukela imishini esimeme, izinhlelo ezingcono zokuvundisa nezokunisela, idijithali, imishini ezimele, kanye nokunemba okuthuthukile.