Abenzi bezimoto bathatha izinyathelo zokubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo ezihambisana nokufakwa kukagesi. Njengoba imboni yezimoto ibheka uguquko oluya ekusaseni eligcwele ugesi, kuya ngokuya kucaca lokho amaketanga okuhlinzeka kuyodingeka ashintshe kusukela ekusetheni kwamanje. Le nqubo yoshintsho izothatha amafomu amaningi kulo lonke uchungechunge lwenani lezimoto, kusukela ekukhishweni kwezinto ezingavuthiwe ezidingekayo zamabhethri, kuye ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ze-EV, imisebenzi kanye nesakhiwo sabahlinzeki bezimoto asebekhulile kanye nezinga lokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwabakhiqizi bezimoto (ama-OEM) ngokwabo. Embonini yezimoto ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla olude futhi oluyinkimbinkimbi - nolunye oludume kabi ngokungafihli lutho - kuzoba inselelo enkulu kubo bonke ababambiqhaza. Ezingeni le-OEM, abenzi bezimoto bathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile ukuze balungiselele izidingo zebhethri ezinkulu kakhulu. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwamandla okukhiqiza kuyahlelwa, kwesinye isikhathi kubekwe endaweni ekahle nozakwethu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kugcinwe ngaphakathi. Njenganini ngaphambili, kunesicelo sokwahlulela ekuhwebeni phakathi kwezindleko zokwabelana kanye nempahla yengqondo nozakwethu osebenzisanayo nokugcina ukulawula okwengeziwe kokusebenza kwangaphakathi kwangaphakathi. Ubudlelwano bamandla kanye nezindawo eziyinkinga ze-supply chain point yesikhathi esizayo azikanqunywa - kodwa zizokwakhiwa kakhulu eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo. Asikho isikhathi sokumosha.
Ingabe iChina ingabanjwa emjahweni we-BEV?
I-China ikhiqize cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zawo wonke ama-BEV omhlaba ngo-2022 kodwa kungenzeka ukuthi umjaho ungakaqedi njengoba kunesikhala sokuthi abanye baphumelele. I-China ithathe isinyathelo sokuqala nesibalulekile ekubeni yimoto esebenza ngogesi ngamabhethri (BEV) ekhiqiza amandla amakhulu. Endaweni yesibili ekude i-Europe ilandelwa eduze kakhulu yiNyakatho Melika, ebalelwa ku-17% kanye no-11% wokwakhiwa kwe-BEV yomhlaba wonke ngo-2022, ngokulandelana. Uma ubheka lezi zibalo ungaxolelwa ngokucabanga ukuthi ukuhola ngeke kunqobe futhi umjaho usuphelile - iChina isinqobile. Kodwa-ke, le mboni isacathula njengoba amavolumu eBEV enza u-9% kuphela wezimoto ezincane eziphuma ngonyaka odlule, okushiya ithuba kwezinye izifunda ukuthi zenze umhlabathi. I-China yakhe lokhu kuhola, ngokwengxenye, ngokukhipha imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-CNY300 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-43.5) ekuthengeni uxhaso kanye nekhefu lentela kusukela ngo-2009 kuya ku-2022 ukuze kusekelwe ama-BEV akhiqizwa kuleli kungakhathalekile ukuthi awemikhiqizo yasekhaya noma yangaphandle. Uhulumeni uphinde wanikeza izinkontileka ezinkulu zokuthenga imikhiqizo ezinkampanini ezisafufusa ze-BEV, okubuye kwasiza ukuthi zihlale zisebenza eminyakeni yazo yokuqala kanye nokuxhasa ngezimali i-R&D. Isibonelo, ngenkathi umhlaba wonke ubungqwele amabhethri e-lithium nickel manganese cobalt (NMC), amafemu aseShayina akwazile ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe bebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate (LFP) ngenxa yokwesekwa kukahulumeni, ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla ngenkathi enikeza enye indlela ephephile neshibhile ku-NMC.
AbakwaNissan bahlose phezulu
Ngemuva konyaka onzima (FY2022 ophele ngomhla zingama-31 kuNdasa) ophawuleka ngokushoda kwempahla, abakwaNissan ithumele imiphumela yezimali yonyaka eyeqa lokho ebikulindele. Muva nje, ukuthengisa kuphinde kwaphakanyiswa ukwelula kokushoda kwama-semiconductors emhlabeni jikelele. Ngonyaka wezimali ogcwele, imali engenayo ehlanganisiwe ibingu-10.6 trillion yen (8.4 trillion yen FY2021), okuholele enzuzweni yokusebenza yama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-377.1 (amayen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-247.1 FY2021) enesilinganiso sokusebenza esingu-3.6% (2.9% ngonyaka odlule). Isamba semali engenayo sasingama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-221.9 (ama-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-215.5 ngonyaka odlule). Unyaka wezimali uphinde waphawula ukubuya kweNissan ekungeneni kwemali kwamahhala kanye nenzuzo yokusebenza kwebhizinisi lezimoto. Ngekota yesine yonyaka wezimali wakwaNissan (ophele zingama-31 kuNdasa, 2023), imali engenayo ibikhuphuka, unyaka nonyaka, ngama-yen angama-36% yaya ku-3 trillion, inzuzo yokusebenza ikhuphuke ngo-56% yaya ku-87.4 billion yen. I-Nissan ibona inzuzo yokusebenza kulo nyaka (i-FY2023 ephela zingama-31 Mashi 2024) ikhuphuka ifinyelela ku-520 billion yen (+38% ku-FY2022) kanye nemali engenayo efinyelela ku-12.4 trillion yen (+17%). KwaNissan balindele ukudayisa izimoto eziningi eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu njengoba lezo zimakethe zanda (bheka ishadi elingezansi). Ngekota yokugcina, ukuthengiswa kwaNissan emhlabeni jikelele kunyuke ngo-23.5% kuya kumayunithi angama-745,000. Ukudayiswa kweNissan eNyakatho Melika kunyuke ngo-26.4% kuya ku-335,000 kanti ukuthengiswa kwe-Europe kunyuke ngo-29.7% kuya ku-97,000.
Imboni yamasondo engu-Zero CO2
Umenzi wamasondo waseFinland Amathayi eNokian isinesisekelo semboni entsha yamasondo eRomania. Indaba enkulu. Okwenza lena ithakazelise kakhulu ukuthi yayo bathi i-zero CO2 ekhishwayo. Ukukhiqiza kuhlelwe ukuthi kuqale ngasekupheleni kuka-2024 lapho kuphuma khona isikali esigcwele esihlelelwe u-2025. Ngenxa yendawo yayo esikhungweni sezokuthutha esivelele sesifunda naseYurophu, okugxilwe kakhulu kwefekthri entsha kuzohlinzeka i-Central Europe. UJukka Moisio, umongameli kanye ne-CEO yakwaNokian Tyres, uthe "amandla asetshenziswa efekthri aphuma emithonjeni evuselelekayo futhi isisi esidingekayo ekukhiqizeni amathayi sikhiqizwa ngokugcwele ngaphandle kwezibaseli ezimbiwa phansi. Indawo eseRomania isekela okuhlosiwe njengoba singasebenzisa amandla aluhlaza akhiqizwa eduze kwesiza. ” Umthamo wokuqala wonyaka ungamathayi angu-6m okugcizelelwa kakhulu emotweni yabagibeli kanye namathayi eSUV anosayizi abakhulu bamarimu.
Ukuthengisa kabusha kwe-China
Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha eChina ikhuphuke ngo-83% yaya ku-2,159,000 ngo-Ephreli 2023 kusukela onyakeni odangele kakhulu wamayunithi ayi-1,181,000 ngenkathi uhulumeni esebenzisa ukuvalwa kwe-Covid okusabalele ezweni lonke, ngokusho kwedatha yezimoto zabagibeli kanye nezimoto ezithengiswayo ezivela ku-China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM). Umsebenzi wezomnotho ukhule umfutho ngekota yokuqala ka-2023 ukukhula kwe-GDP ngesivinini kwafinyelela ku-4.5% ngemuva kokuwela phansi kweshumi leminyaka eliphansi lama-3% ngo-2022. Ukukhula konyaka ogcwele kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyele ngaphezu kuka-5% ngo-2023, naphezu kokwehla komnotho emhlabeni jikelele okulindelekile. Ukuthengiswa ezinyangeni ezine zokuqala zonyaka kunyuke ngo-7% ngamayunithi angu-8,235,000 kusukela ku-7,691,000 esikhathini esifanayo ngonyaka odlule, okubonisa ukwehla ngo-35% ngoJanuwari, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli kukhuphuke ngo-7% kuya ku-6,949,000 amayunithi ngenkathi ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zentengiso kukhuphuke ngo-9%, ku-1,286,000 amayunithi angu-636,000. Ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha (ama-NEV) kuphindeke ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kuya kumayunithi angama-43 ngo-Ephreli kanye namayunithi angama-2,222,000% kuya ku-31 ngonyaka kuze kube manje (YTD). Ukulethwa kwama-BEV kunyuke ngo-1,623,000% kuya ku-89 amayunithi e-YTD kanti ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezihlanganisiwe kunyuke ngo-599,000% kuya ku-89 amayunithi. Ukuthunyelwa kwezimoto kwamanye amazwe kweqe ngo-1,370,000% kuya ku-9 amayunithi e-YTD ngenkathi ukukhiqizwa kwezimoto sekukonke kukhuphuke ngo-8,355,000% kuya ku-XNUMX amayunithi, kusizwa ukuthuthukisa ukuhlinzekwa kwama-semiconductors ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain ngonyaka odlule.
Ukunwetshwa kweHyundai India
IHyundai Motor Inkampani kuleli sonto imemezele izinhlelo zokutshala imali engu-INR200bn (US$2.4bn) ukuze kuqiniswe ukusebenza kwayo eNdiya, imakethe yezimoto yesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni ilandela iChina ne-US. Inkampani engaphansi kwenkampani yezimoto, iHyundai Motor India (HMIL), ihlela ukwakha indawo yokuhlanganisa amaphakethe ebhethri ezimoto zikagesi (EV) e-Chennai, esifundazweni sase-Tamil Nadu, lapho imisebenzi yayo yokukhiqiza izimoto isekelwe khona. Izimali zizotshalwa nasezimbonini ezikhona zokukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-EV kanye nezimoto ezintsha zenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi (ICE) ezizothengiswa kuleli futhi zithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe. Umqondisi ophethe we-HMIL uKim Un-soo uthe: “Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside kuzosiza ukuthuthukisa amandla ethu okukhiqiza, kusenze sikwazi ukwenza ama-EV nama-ICE angcono kakhulu e-Tamil Nadu emhlabeni wonke.” I-India ingenye yezimakethe zezimoto ezikhula ngokushesha emhlabeni jikelele njengoba ngonyaka odlule kudayiswe izimoto ezintsha ezingu-4.7m, idlula iJapan. IHyundai ingumenzi wezimoto wesibili ngobukhulu eNdiya, ilandela iMaruti Suzuki, enesabelo semakethe esilinganiselwa ku-15%. Le nkampani inezitshalo ezimbili zezimoto e-Chennai ezinamandla ahlanganisiwe wezimoto ezingama-775,000 ngonyaka. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kulindeleke ukuthi kwenyuse lokhu kufinyelele ku-850,000. Ngasekuqaleni konyaka, abakwaHyundai bavumile ukuthenga General Motors' imboni yokuhlanganisa izimoto engasasebenzi e-Talegaon, esifundazweni sase-Maharashtra, ukuze kwengezwe umthamo owengeziwe ezweni. Ngaphambi kokuvalwa kwaso isikhungo seTalegon besinomthamo wezimoto eziyi-130,000 ngonyaka uma sisebenza ngokugcwele.
Ababhikishi bashaye i-VW AGM
VolkswagenUmhlangano waminyaka yonke wabaninimasheya kuleli sonto wawu kuphazanyiswe izishoshovu ezibhikishela imboni yayo eXinjiang, entshonalanga neChina. Cishe izishoshovu ezingu-10 zingene emhlanganweni, eyodwa ijikijela ikhekhe kuWolfgang Porsche, usihlalo we-Porsche SE, kanye nosihlalo webhodi labaqondisi benkampani uHans Dieter Poetsch. Kuzwakale ukuthi izishoshovu zicele iVolkswagen ukuthi yenze ucwaningo lwangaphandle embonini yayo eseXinjiang. Kunokukhathazeka okuningi okuvela kwiNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye ne-Amnesty International ngezinsolo zokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu “okubi” okubhekiswe kuma-Uyghur namanye amaSulumane kulesi sifunda. AbakwaVolkswagen bavikele imboni yabo iXinjiang futhi bebelokhu besho njalo ukuthi abukho ubufakazi bokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu embonini yabo. Evakashele lesi sikhungo ngasekuqaleni konyaka, uRalf Brandstaetter, isikhulu sezokusebenza kwaVW eChina uthe: “Impela siyayazi imibiko ebucayi, lokhu sikuthatha njengento ebaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa asinabo ubufakazi bokwephulwa kwamalungelo abantu kulesi sikhungo - lokho akukashintshi ngemuva kokuvakasha kwami. "
Toyota amehlo inzuzo ikhuphuka
IToyota i ukuhlela ukukhuphuka kwenzuzo yokusebenza ngo-10.1%. kuya kuma-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu onyakeni wezimali ophela mhla zingama-31 kuNdasa, 2024. Lokhu kukhuphuka okulindelwe kulandela ukwehla kwenzuzo onyakeni ophele zingama-31 kuNdasa okubangelwe ukukhuphuka kwezindleko, ukulahlekelwa kwenani lokushintshana kanye nezindleko zokumisa ibhizinisi lakwaToyota eRussia. Izindleko zenkampani zikhuphuke ngama-yen ayizigidi ezingama-525 ngenzuzo yokusebenza ehlanganisiwe isiyonke yehle yafinyelela kuma-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-2,725 isuka kumabhiliyoni angama-yen angama-2,996 ngonyaka odlule. Kodwa-ke, imali engenayo ngonyaka ibikhuphuke ngama-yen ama-trillion ayi-5 yaya kuma-yen ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-37,154, isizwa yimiphumela emikhulu yemali. AbakwaToyota bathi isilinganiso sezimoto ezifakwe ugesi onyakeni wabo wezimali ka-2023 (ophele zingama-31 kuNdasa wezi-2023) sikhuphuke safinyelela ku-29.6% (28.4% ngonyaka odlule) uma sekudayiswe angu-9.6 million. Umengameli wakwaToyota uKoji Sato uthe umphumela wokusebenza uzuzwe yize isimo sebhizinisi sinzima kanye nokukhuphuka kwentengo yezinto. Uphinde waveza ukuthi inkampani izophusha izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi. “Uma kuziwa ezimotweni zikagesi ezisebenza ngamabhethri, noma ama-BEV, athuthuka ngokushesha ikakhulukazi, sesibeke isivinini sokudayisa amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-1.5 ngo-2026 ‘njengomthamo wethu oyisisekelo,’ futhi sihlela ukwethula amamodeli angu-10 kusukela ezimotweni zikanokusho kuya ezimotweni ezihlangene nezentengiso, ikakhulukazi e-United States naseChina.
UFisker unciphisa isibikezelo
UFisker unayo yehlise umgomo wayo wokukhiqiza wango-2023 kulokho abakwaReuters abathi kuwuphawu lwakamuva ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zase-US ziqala kanzima zizama ukukhuphula umkhiqizo ngenxa yezinkinga zokuthengwa kwempahla, ukunciphisa isidingo kanye nesimo esiqinile semali. Isikhungo sezindaba siphawule ukuthi kulandela umbiko weholo elibuthaka kanye nokuncishiswa kwemibono yokukhiqiza kwaLucid Group. AbakwaReuters bathe amathemba okuqala e-US EV okuzamazama imboni ashayisane nezinga lenzalo elikhuphukayo kanye nesidingo esivilaphayo, abaningi babhekene nezinselelo zokukhiqiza. Ngisho nomholi wemakethe Tesla unciphise amanani ukuze kukhuliswe isidingo.
I-SAIC ikhulisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-Indonesia
I-SAIC-GM-Wuling ine usayine imemorandamu yokusebenzisana (I-MoU) nohulumeni wase-Indonesia ukukhulisa utshalomali enkampanini engaphansi kwayo yendawo i-SGMW Indonesia ukuze kuqondiswe isidingo esikhulayo sesifunda sezimoto zikagesi (EVs), ngokusho kwemibiko yase-China. I-SAIC-GM-Wuling, inhlanganisela yezindlela ezintathu phakathi kwe-SAIC Motor, GM China kanye ne-Liuzhou Wuling Motors, isivele inemboni yokukhiqiza yasendaweni, ifekthri engu-120,000 ngonyaka empumalanga ye-Jakarta eqedwe ngo-2017. Ikhiqize izimoto ezingu-30,000 ngonyaka odlule, okuhlanganisa ne-8,400 ye-battery ye-Indonesia EV imodeli ye-Air mini EV ehamba phambili.
Ukululama kwe-Japan kuyaqhubeka
Imakethe yezimoto entsha yaseJapan iqhubeke nokululama ngo-Ephreli 2023, njengoba ukuthengiswa kukhuphuke cishe ngo-17% kuya ku-349,592 kusukela ekuthengisweni okubuthakathaka onyakeni odlule kwamayunithi angu-299,620, ngokusho kwe-Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA). Lena bekuyinyanga yesishiyagalombili ilandelana yokukhula, kusizwa ukuhlinzekwa kwezinsiza ezithuthukisiwe zama-semiconductor, uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule, okwenze abakhiqizi bezimoto ababalulekile bakwazi ukunciphisa ukusilela emuva ngama-oda. Umnotho kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukhule ngo-1.5% olungiswe ngezikhathi zonyaka kwikota yokuqala, uqhutshwa yi-7 yokusetshenziswa kwemali ephezulu yabathengi, ukutshalwa kwezimali okungaguquki kanye nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. I-OECD ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka ibuyekeze ukukhuphuka kwesibikezelo sayo sokukhula komnotho safinyelela ku-1.8% ngo-2023, kanye no-0.9% ngo-2024, kanti inqubomgomo kahulumeni yezimali kulindeleke ukuthi isekele ukusetshenziswa kwemizi. Ukuthengisa kukhule ngo-16% kwaya ku-1,731,150 amayunithi ngonyaka kuze kube manje (YTD) ngemuva kokwehla ngo-16% kuya ku-1,496,849 ngonyaka odlule, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zabagibeli kukhuphuke ngo-17% kuya ku-1,443,619 ngenkathi ukuthengiswa kwamaloli kukhuphuke ngo-9% kuya ku-284,654 amayunithi. Ukuthengiswa kwamabhasi nabaqeqeshi kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-27 kuye kwangama-2,877 njengoba ingxenye iphinde yavela ekwehleni kobhubhane.
Daihatsu enkingeni
AbakwaToyota bamise ukuthengiswa kwemodeli okutholwe ukuthi yayingaphansi kwe-a ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okuqinile yinkampani esebenzisana nayo i-Daihatsu. Izikhulu zakwaToyota eThailand kubikwa ukuthi zisola ingcindezi ngesikhathi kwakhiwa uhlobo lwe-Ativ zaphinde zagcizelela ukuthi izimoto ezisetshenziswayo ziphephile. IToyota kuthiwa izosebenzisana nohulumeni waseThailand ukuze baqale kabusha ukudayisa. Isikhulu sakwaToyota esifundeni sase-Asia, uMasahiko Maeda, utshele abezindaba ukuthi kunengcindezi endaweni ethuthukiswayo nokuthi ubukhulu bemoto kungenzeka bubeke inselelo kungoti wezimoto ezincane uDaihatsu. IToyota neDaihatsu badalule ngenyanga edlule ukuthi bebephenya ukuthi ingxenye yomnyango ekuhlolweni kwezokuphepha ezimotweni ezibalelwa ku-88,123 ishintshwe kanjani ukuze kuhlolwe ukuphepha engozini.
BYD ukwakha eVietnam?
Kubikwa ukuthi i-BYD inqume ukwenza kanjalo engeza imboni entsha yokukhiqiza eVietnam, ngokwemibiko yabezindaba. Kungaba isitshalo sesibili senkampani yaseChina i-ASEAN. Abezindaba basendaweni bacaphuna imithombo kahulumeni kulandela umhlangano phakathi kukasihlalo we-BYD u-Wang Chuanfu kanye nephini likandunankulu waseVietnam uTran Hong Ha. Imibiko ithi le nkampani ibikade icubungula iPhilippines ne-Indonesia, kanjalo neVietnam. Lesi sikhungo sizosebenzela imakethe yasekhaya futhi sithumele kwezinye izimakethe esifundeni.
Umthombo ovela I-Just-auto.com
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: Ulwazi olubekwe ngenhla lunikezwa i-Just-auto.com ngaphandle kwe-Chovm.com. I-Chovm.com ayenzi izethulo namawaranti mayelana nekhwalithi nokuthembeka komdayisi nemikhiqizo.
