Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngokushintsha Kagesi

Okuqukethwe
1. Isingeniso
2. Isingeniso kanye nezinhlobo zokushintsha ezivamile
3. Intuthuko yakamuva kwezobuchwepheshe
4. Usayizi wemakethe
5. Izincomo zokukhetha
I-6. Isifingqo

Isingeniso

Sisebenzisa amaswishi amaningi cishe nsuku zonke, okuhlanganisa noma nini lapho ufuna ukusebenzisa imoto, umshini wokuwasha, ilambu likagesi, noma ngisho nokuvula isikrini seselula yakho. Amaswishi ngokungangabazeki angenye yezingxenye zikagesi ezivame kakhulu esihlangabezana nazo ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Angamadivayisi asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma ngokuzenzakalela noma ngesandla noma ukunqamula amasekhethi, ukuphazamisa ukugeleza kwamanje, noma ukuguqula indlela yamanje kusekethe, ngaleyo ndlela ilawule ukuqala nokuma kwezisetshenziswa zikagesi, ukukhetha izinhlelo, noma ukulawula ukudluliswa kwamandla.

Lesi sihloko sizohlola ukuthi amaswishi asebenza kanjani, izinhlobo ezivamile, izindinganiso ezifanele zesitifiketi sokuphepha, nentuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe kulo mkhakha.

Isingeniso kanye nezinhlobo zokushintsha ezivamile

Cishe wonke amasistimu kagesi nawe-elekthronikhi asebenzisa okungenani iswishi eyodwa ukulawula ukusebenza “kokuvula” kanye “nokucisha” kwedivayisi. Kalula nje, iswishi ilawula isekethe ngokuvula noma ukuvala zonke noma izingxenye ezithile noma izinqubo ezixhunywe kuyo.

Amaswishi asebenza ngokuyinhloko imisebenzi emibili: ukuvula noma ukuvala amasekhethi nokulawula ukudluliswa kwamandla, futhi ngokuvamile anomuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu oxhumana naye. Isimo "sokuvaliwe" sothintana naye sibonisa ukuhamba, okuvumela ukugeleza kwamanje, kuyilapho isimo "sokuvuleka" kweswishi sibonisa ukungaqhubeki, ukwakha isekethe evulekile nokuvimbela ukugeleza kwamanje.

Nakuba lokhu kusebenza kungase kubonakale kulula, kuveze izinguqulo ezingenakubalwa zezimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezahlukene. Ngezansi sizokwethula izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokushintshwa futhi sichaze kafushane izimiso zabo.

Guqula amaswishi nezinkinobho zokucindezela

Ukushintsha kwe-Toggle namaswishi e-push-button yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokushintshwa kukagesi, ezibonakala nge-lever noma indlela yenkinobho engashintshwa ukuze uvule noma uvale isekethe. Bashintsha ukusebenza kanye nesimo sesistimu kagesi ngokushintsha izindawo. Ngokuvamile aqukethe abathintwayo ababili, abavala lapho i-lever noma inkinobho ihanjiswa endaweni ethile, okuvumela isekethe ukuthi ivalwe futhi yamanje igeleze. Uma i-lever noma inkinobho ihanjiswa kwenye indawo, oxhumana nabo bayavula, baphule isifunda futhi bavimbele ukugeleza kwamanje. Lezi zinhlobo zokushintshwa zivame ukutholakala ezintweni zikagesi ezifana namalambu namaketela.

Amaswishi ajikelezayo

Amaswishi ajikelezayo ngokuvamile aneknobhu engazungeziswa, futhi ukukhuphuka ngakunye noma ukuma kweswishi kungalawula izingxenye ezihlukene zesistimu. Indawo yokugcina yokuma yeknob inquma umyalo wokulawula weswishi. Ngaphezu kokukhetha ukuvulwa kwesekethe noma ukuvala ngokusebenzisa abathintwayo ezindaweni ezihlukene, amaswishi ajikelezayo angakwazi futhi ukulawula ukugeleza kwamanje ngokulungisa usayizi wezinto eziphikisayo ezakhelwe ngaphakathi. Lokhu kubenza bafanelekele ukulawula izinguquko zohlelo noma ukusetha izivinini zokusebenza. Amaswishi e-Rotary asetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ivolumu, ukulawula isivinini sabalandeli, nokulawula isikhathi ezintweni zikagesi ezifana nemishini yokuwasha, ohhavini, nama-microwave.

Ukushintsha komhlanga

A ukushintshwa komhlanga iswishi kazibuthe evame ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe kagesi. Nakuba ingavamile ukubonakala usuku nosuku, iyingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula ukujikeleza kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifana nezimoto nama-alamu eminyango/ewindini.

Amaswishi omhlanga aqukethe ikesi lengilazi elivaliwe eliqukethe imihlanga emibili ye-ferromagnetic. Ukuthintana noma ukuhlukaniswa kwemihlanga kulawulwa inkambu kazibuthe yangaphandle ekhiqizwa uzibuthe unomphela noma ikhoyili kagesi, ngaleyo ndlela ilawula ukugeleza kwamanje.

Amaswishi omhlanga ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthola ukuthi into ethile ivuliwe noma inyakaza, njengokubona isimo sesilinda esivulekile/esivaliwe noma ukuze kuqashwe ukuphepha eminyango nasemafasiteleni. I-glass casing ye-reed switch ivumela ukuthi isetshenziswe cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo. Esimeni esivame ukuvuleka, ayiwasebenzisi amandla. Indlela yokulawula kazibuthe iqinisekisa ukusebenza okungalahleki, okuvumela izigidigidi zemisebenzi yokuvula nokuvala isifunda. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushintsha komhlanga kuthuthukiswe ngokushesha izinhlelo zokusebenza kumishini yokuhlola neyokulinganisa, izinhlelo zokuphepha, nezinto zikagesi zasendlini. Ngokuzayo, bangase babe nemakethe ebalulekile ezinhlelweni ezihlukahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintshwa kungabuye kuhlukaniswe ngokusekelwe emisebenzini yabo, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa okuvame ukuvuleka (NO) okukhulunywe ngakho ngaphambili, okungavumeli okwamanje ukuthi kudlule koxhumana nabo endaweni yayo evamile yokuzenzakalelayo. Uma iswishi yenziwe yasebenza (isb, ngokucindezela inkinobho), ivumela ukugeleza kwamanje. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunokushintsha okuvamise ukuvala (NC), lapho abathintwayo basesimweni sabo esivamile esimisiwe, okuvumela okwamanje ukuthi kugeleze. Uma icushiwe, iswishi inqamula amandla koxhumana nabo, ivimbele noma iyiphi i-current ukuthi ingadluli. Ukushintsha kwe-NC kuvamise ukusetshenziswa kumasekethe okuvikela ukumisa isimo esiphuthumayo.

Ngokusekelwe kumgomo wesikhathi sokulawula ama-relays ka-electromagnetic, amaswishi okulibaziseka angaphinde ahlukaniswe abe okulawulwa umsindo, okulawulwa ukukhanya, okulawulwa ukuthintwa, njll. Lezi zivame ukusetshenziswa ekushintsheni kokuthinta okukhiphayo, okuncike emandleni esiphethu sensimbi ukuze kuzuzwe ukuxhumana kwesekethi nokunqanyulwa. Lapho inkinobho yokushintsha icindezelwa kancane, iswishi ivuliwe, futhi lapho inkinobho ikhishwa, inkinobho iyacishwa. Okwamanje, noma ngabe usebenzisa ukuchofoza kwegundane noma isikrini esithintwayo ku-smartphone, usebenzisa inkinobho yokuthinta.

Intuthuko yakamuva yezobuchwepheshe

Intuthuko yakamuva yobuchwepheshe kubuchwepheshe bokushintsha ugesi ikakhulukazi igxile ekuthuthukiseni izinga lobuhlakani kuyilapho ithuthuka ngokuqhubekayo ekwenzeni okuncane, ukwethembeka, ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kwamandla, nokusimama.

Njengetheminali yokulawula exhumana ngokuqondile nabantu, amaswishi athuthuke ngokushesha ngokobuhlakani ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe be-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT) kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa. Izikrini zokuthinta nokuhleleka sekujwayeleke kakhulu, okwenza inqubo yokusebenzisana yokulawula mathupha ibe bushelelezi. Kuhlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe bokuqapha okukude kanye ne-AI, abasebenzisi bangaqapha futhi balawule isimo sokushintshwa kukagesi ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi bazuze ukulawula komuntu siqu kwemishini yasendlini ehlakaniphile ngokuhlela. Amasistimu asekhaya ahlakaniphile ingafunda imikhuba yokuphila nokulawula kwabasebenzisi ukushintshwa okuhlakaniphile ukwenza ngokuzenzakalelayo imisebenzi efana ne-air conditioning noma izibani.

Izinhlobo ezintsha zokushintsha zingajwayelana namanethiwekhi kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi nezinhlelo zezimboni, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphumelelayo ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obufana ne-high-voltage direct current (HVDC). Amaswishi okuvikela edijithali angathuthukisa ukuphepha kwezinto zikagesi. Izinto ezithuthukisiwe ezisebenzayo zinika amandla ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuphansi, imiklamo eco-friendly futhi esimeme. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngokuthandwa kwamakhaya ahlakaniphile, imakethe yokushintsha okuhlakaniphile izokhula kancane kancane.

Usayizi weMakethe

Njengengxenye yokulawula ebalulekile emkhakheni wezogesi, amaswishi anosayizi wemakethe obalulekile. Ngokocwaningo olwandulelayo, imakethe yokushintsha ugesi emhlabeni wonke yafinyelela ku-USD 14.1 billion ngo-2022 futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele cishe ku-USD 23.8 billion ngo-2032, nge-CAGR ka-5.37% ngesikhathi sokubikezela kusukela ngo-2023 kuya ku-2032.

Ezigabeni ezithile, ngokusho kweDataintelo, imakethe yokushintsha okuhlakaniphile emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule isuka ku-USD 1.02 billion ngo-2017 iye ku-USD 2.48 billion ngo-2030, nge-CAGR ka-10.5% kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-2030. (IoT) kwizicelo zokuhlala nezokuhweba.

Kodwa-ke, izindleko zokufaka eziphezulu kanye nokuntuleka kochwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe kungase kunqande ukukhula kwemakethe ngesikhathi sokubikezela. Umhlaba jikelele imakethe yokushintsha umhlanga kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 1427.05 million ngo-2028 isuka ku-USD 888.7 million ngo-2021, nge-CAGR ka-7% ngesikhathi sokubikezela (2021-2028). Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa ukwanda kwesidingo sokushintshwa komhlanga ezinhlelweni zezimoto ezihlukahlukene njengezinzwa ze-airbag nezinhlelo zokulawula ukuhamba komkhumbi, isidingo esikhulayo sokuphepha nokuphepha, nokuthembeka okuphezulu nokuqina kwale mikhiqizo ezindaweni ezinokhahlo ezinjengamakhaza amakhulu noma ukushisa.

Izincomo zokukhetha

Ngemva kokuqonda ulwazi oluyisisekelo lokushintshwa kukagesi, kusabalulekile ukunaka imingcele ethile lapho ukhetha ukushintsha kukagesi ukuze uqinisekise ukuhambisana nesicelo sakho esithile. Imingcele eyinhloko yokushintshwa kukagesi ihlanganisa:

• Amandla kagesi alinganiselwe: Isho amandla kagesi aphephile avunyelwe ukushintsha ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile.
• Kukalwe njengamanje: Ibonisa ubuningi bamanje obuphephile obuvunyelwe ukuba budlule eswishi uma ivuliwe. Ukweqa leli nani kungase kubangele ukungqubuzana phakathi koxhumana nabo ababili.
• Ukumelana nokuqina: Isho inani lokumelana phakathi kwe-conductor kanye nezingxenye zokwahlukanisa zeswishi. Inani lokumelana nokufakwa kufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-100MΩ.
• Imininingwane ukumelana: Isho inani lokumelana phakathi kwepheya ngalinye loxhumana nabo lapho iswishi isesimweni esivulekile. Ngokuvamile, idingeka ibe ngaphansi kuka-0.1-0.5Ω, futhi inani elincane liyakhethwa.
• I-voltage imelana: Ikhombisa i-voltage enkulu iswishi engakwazi ukumelana nayo phakathi kwe-conductor nomhlabathi
• Isikhathi Sonke: Isho inombolo yezikhathi lapho iswishi ingasebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokusebenza. Ngokuvamile, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube izikhathi ezi-5,000-35,000.
• Ukuhambelana: Qinisekisa ukuhambisana phakathi kweswishi nendawo ekhona yesekethe.
• Isitifiketi sokuphepha: Lapho ukhiqiza futhi uthenga amaswishi, kubalulekile ukukhetha imikhiqizo ethole izitifiketi zokuphepha ezifanele, okubandakanya i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard IEC 60669-1:2017, indinganiso yamazwe omhlaba ye-low-voltage switchgear kanye negiya lokulawula IEC 60947-3:2018, indinganiso yamazwe omhlaba yokuhlanganisa imishini kagesi kanye ne-EC. 61140:2016, indinganiso evamile yokushintsha kukagesi eshicilelwe yi-Underwriters Laboratories (UL) UL 61058-1, indinganiso yase-Europe EN 60669-1, indinganiso kazwelonke yaseShayina engu-GB 16915.1-2017, kanye nezinga lezimboni zaseJapane JIS C 4520-1:2014:XNUMX, njll.

Isifinyezo

Amaswishi kagesi ayingxenye ebalulekile yokulawula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zamandla. Lesi sihloko sinikeze umbono wolwazi oluyisisekelo, izinhlobo ezivamile, ucwaningo lwakamuva, usayizi wemakethe, nezincomo zokukhetha zokushintshwa. Sithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko singavula ukuqonda kwakho kwalesi sici esibalulekile, njengoba nje iswishi ivula isekethe kagesi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iwishi yakho kagesi idinga, uzothola yonke into oyifunayo Chovm.com.