Konke Odinga Ukukwazi Ngokushaja kwe-EV

Izimoto zikagesi zithathe imboni yezimoto eminyakeni yamuva nje. Abakhiqizi bezimoto abaningi balandela lo mkhuba, ongenazo izimpawu zokwehla noma nini maduze. Okwenza izimoto zikagesi zibe yinketho engcono yikhono lazo lokukhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-zero tailpipe. Inselelo enkulu ehambisana nokusebenzisa izimoto zikagesi ukushaja ingqalasizinda. Ukwandisa ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi, kufanele kube nezitolo eziningi zokushaja ezingxenyeni ezahlukene. IYurophu neNyakatho Melika ziphakathi kwabasebenzisi abahamba phambili be-EV, futhi kukholakala ukuthi ngo-2025 lezi zifunda ezimbili zizoba cishe 7.9 abayizigidi ezingu izitolo zokushaja.

Lesi sihloko sizobheka ukuthi ukushaja kwe-EV kusebenza kanjani kanye nezinhlobo zamashaja e-EV atholakala emakethe. Izophinde ixoxe ngesidingo, isabelo semakethe, usayizi, kanye nezinga lokukhula elilindelekile lezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni jikelele eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo.

Okuqukethwe
Amathemba ezimoto zikagesi
Ukushaja ugesi kusebenza kanjani
Izinhlobo zamashaja e-EV
Isiphetho

Amathemba ezimoto zikagesi

Imakethe yezimoto zikagesi inwetshiwe eminyakeni yakamuva. Lokhu kukhula kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani lezimboni ezikhiqiza izimoto zikagesi. Ohulumeni abaningi baphinde babeka imithetho nemingcele eqinile mayelana nokukhishwa kwezimoto. Lesi sinyathelo sohulumeni sibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwesidingo sezimoto zikagesi.

Amaqiniso Nezici ibike ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yezimoto zikagesi emhlabeni wonke ubungama-USD 185 bhiliyoni ngo-2021. Imali engenayo kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-USD 980 billion ngo-2028, kubhaliswa izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lama-24.5%. Lokhu kukhula okuphawulekayo kulindeleke ukuthi kugqugquzelwe ukwanda kokuqwashisa ngezinzuzo zokusebenzisa imoto kagesi.

Uma sikhuluma ngokwendawo, i-Asia Pacific ibusa imakethe yezimoto zikagesi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-China ingumkhiqizi ohamba phambili we-EV kanye nomthumeli wezingxenye zemoto kagesi. Esikhathini sokubikezela, i-China izoba cishe nama-57% wesabelo semakethe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimoto zabagibeli zikhiqiza ingxenye enkulu yemali engenayo.

Ukushaja ugesi kusebenza kanjani

Imoto kagesi ukushaja kuthuthukiswe kusetshenziswa amazinga ahlukene wokushaja, izinhlobo zamapulaki, namamodi ekhebula. Esinye isici esihlukile yizinhlobo zokushaja ze-AC ne-DC. Amandla acishwa kugridi, okungukuthi, isokhethi yasekhaya, i-alternating current (AC). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, noma imaphi amandla agcinwe kumabhethri yi-Direct current (DC). Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imoto ishajwa yi-AC noma i-DC, ibhethri lemoto ligcina selishajwe nge-DC.

I-AC, njengokugeleza kwenkokhiso, ishintshana ngezikhathi ezithile noma ishintshe indlela. Ingakhiqizwa kalula emithonjeni yamandla avuselelekayo njengezinjini zikagesi wamanzi noma ama-windmill. Amagridi kagesi amaningi emhlabeni asebenzisa i-AC njengoba ingasakazwa ngendlela ephumelelayo emabangeni amade. I-DC ihamba ngomugqa oqondile futhi ingakhiqizwa ngamaphaneli elanga. Ingasetshenziselwa ukugcina amandla kanye nokukhanyisa kwe-LED. Amandla agcinwe kumabhethri ngokuvamile aguqulwa ukusuka ku-AC ukuya ku-DC.

Okulandelayo yizibonelo zezindawo zokushaja i-EV:

- Iziteshi zokushaja ekhaya

- Iziteshi zokushaja emsebenzini

- Iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi

- Iziteshi zikaphethiloli ezine-EV yokushaja

- Amashaja emoto kagesi ezindaweni zokudayisa

Izinhlobo zamashaja e-EV

Ukushaja imoto kagesi kungahlukaniswa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Uma kucatshangelwa amazinga okushaja, izinga lokushaja liphakeme, liba namandla okukhipha amandla. Futhi, imoto entsha ishaja ngokushesha kunendala. Ukushaja kwe-EV kuncike ohlotsheni lwe ibhethri, amandla aphumayo esiteshini sokushaja, namandla okushaja emoto.

Ukwengeza, isivinini sokushaja siyahlukahluka ngenxa yezinto ezithile, ezihlanganisa:

– Ukushaja okukhiphayo esiteshini sokushaja

- Umthamo wokushaja wemoto

– Ibhethri lemoto kagesi

- Isimo noma inani lemali esele

- Ijika lokushaja le-DC

- Izimo zezulu

Ishaja yezinga lesi-1

Level 1 ukushaja kubandakanya ukuxhuma i imoto kagesi esokhethi enepulaki lamandla le-AC elijwayelekile. I-outlet yamandla ejwayelekile ingaletha umkhawulo we-2.3 kW. Lokhu kwenza ukushaja kweLeveli 1 kuhambe kancane. Inikeza cishe i-EV. Amakhilomitha angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ububanzi ngehora.

Izinzuzo

- Yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla njengoba idlulisela ugesi ngenani eliphansi

- Yonga ezindlekweni zokufaka njengoba kungadingi ukuthuthukiswa

Okumbi

– Inesikhathi sokushaja esinensa

– Kuyingozi ekuphepheni kwemoto njengoba kungekho ukuxhumana phakathi kwe-outlet kagesi nemoto

Ishaja yezinga lesi-2

Level 2 ukushaja kutholakala kunoma yisiphi isiteshi sokushaja se-AC esijwayelekile esigxunyekwe esigxotsheni, odongeni, noma emi phansi. Ishaja iletha ububanzi bamandla aphakathi kuka-3.4 kW kuya ku-22 kW, angakwazi ukwengeza cishe cishe. Amakhilomitha angu-120 ngehora. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ezindaweni zokupaka zomphakathi, ezindaweni zokuhlala nasezindaweni zamabhizinisi.

Izinzuzo

- Inesikhathi esincishisiwe sokushaja; kanjalo, kuyashesha.

- Iyahambisana nezimoto eziningi.

- Isikhathi sayo sokushaja siyabikezelwa.

– Igcina umjikelezo wempilo yebhethri.

Okumbi

– Kuyabiza ukuthenga nokufaka.

Ishaja yezinga lesi-3

A Ishaja yezinga lesi-3 ibizwa nangokuthi ishaja esheshayo ye-DC. Isebenzisa amandla amanje aqondile kuphela ukushaja amabhethri emoto njengoba idlula isiguquli se-AC/DC onboard. Ngakho, lolu hlobo ishaja kagesi iletha amandla engeziwe futhi iyashesha. Lolu hlobo lweshaja lukhiqiza amandla asukela ku-15 kW kuya ku-350 kW, okusho ukuthi amakhilomitha angama-32 ngomzuzu. Atholakala kakhulu emadepho emikhumbi nasemagalaji kaphethiloli.

Izinzuzo

- Inikeza isikhathi sokushaja esisheshayo njengoba kuyi-DC.

Okumbi

– Iwuhlelo lokushaja olubiza kakhulu.

– Impilo yebhethri ingawohloka ngokushesha uma kuwukuphela komthombo wamandla.

- Amakhaya kanye nezakhiwo eziningi azikwazi ukusekela inani lamandla adingekayo.

Isiphetho

Lapho abathengi bethenga izimoto zikagesi, kufanele balwele ukuthola izixazululo ezifanele zokushaja. Ngeke kube nengqondo ukuba nemoto ehambisana nemvelo bese uhluleka ukuhamba nayo. Ekuphenduleni, imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene inikeza izimoto zikagesi ezihambisana nezindlela ezitholakalayo zokushaja. Imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ihlanganisa; I-Tesla, i-Nissan, i-Volvo, i-Zoox, njll. Ukuze uthole izimoto ezithembekile zikagesi nezingxenye ezisele, vakashela Chovm.com.