Amathrendi Ajabulisayo Namasha Kudizayini Ye-Excavator

Imishini yokumba iyisisekelo esithembekile sembonini esindayo futhi ingenye yemishini yokuqala yokuzikhethela yamapulazi amancane nezingadi. Ukumba nokunyakazisa umhlaba bekulokhu kuyimisebenzi enzima, kodwa edingekayo, yanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa noma ukubhidliza. Kodwa-ke lokho sekuzoshintsha ngamathrendi amasha obuchwepheshe athokozisayo kuzilawuli ze-elekthronikhi kanye nomklamo wemishini osezoguqula imboni yokumba. Lesi sihloko sibheka lezi zithuthukisi ezintsha nokuthi zizothuthukisa kanjani ukusebenza kwe-excavator, zenze ukusetshenziswa kwazo kube lula, kuhlakaniphe futhi kusebenze kahle.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe ye-excavator ekhulayo
Ukuthambekela kuma-smart excavators
Uhlolojikelele lwezitayela nentuthuko ezayo
Imicabango yokugcina

Imakethe ye-excavator ekhulayo

Imakethe ye-excavator yomhlaba wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ngo-a I-CAGR ye-4.7% kusuka enanini lomhlaba wonke le US$44.12 Bn ku-2018 kuya US$63.14 Bn ngo-2026. E-US, imakethe yezokwakha zokuhlala enempilo iphrojekthi yokukhula okukhulu ukusuka kweyamanje US$9.62 Bn ngo-2018, kanti ukwakhiwa kwaseYurophu kungenzeka kukhule kancane ngenxa yokwanda kwemithetho yezemvelo ebekwe embonini yezokwakha, kanye nemishini ngokwayo. Ngokuphambene, imakethe yase-Asia Pacific kulindeleke ukuthi ibone ukukhula okuphezulu emakethe yokumba kusukela enanini layo lika-2018. US$17.32 Bn ngenxa yokwanda kokutshalwa kwezimali kwengqalasizinda esifundeni sonke ikakhulukazi eNdiya naseChina.

Ukuthambekela kuma-smart excavators

Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinto eziyisisekelo zokumba ama-hydraulic zesimanje cishe azishintshile kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1950s. Izinguqulo ezintsha ezifika emakethe zisazobukeka zifana kakhulu ngaphandle, kodwa kulapho ukufana kuphela khona. Kukhona amathrendi amasha athokozisayo ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe kwezilawuli ze-elekthronikhi kanye nemiklamo yemishini esungula izindlela ezisebenza ngazo abavubukuli. Phakathi kwezinto eziningi ezithuthukisiwe ukuncishiswa kwe-swing radius, ikhebhu ethuthukisiwe nezilawuli, izinzwa zedijithali namakhamera, ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwenjini kanye nokugcinwa kulula. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa nokunye kuhlolwa kabanzi lapha.

Uhlolojikelele lwezitayela nentuthuko ezayo

Ukujika komsila okwehlisiwe futhi okulungisekayo

Ushintsho olulodwa lomzimba oluthinta ukwakheka kwesizukulwane esisha sabavubukuli a ukunciphisa umsila. I-swing arc inquma isikhala esidingekayo ukuze umshini wokumba usebenze, ngakho ukushwibeka okuncane kunikeza ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kwezikhala eziwumngcingo. Nakuba ukuzungezisa isikhala esincane kuvamile ngabavubukuli abancane, abakhiqizi abaningi manje banikeza ukushwibeka komsila okuqinile 20-35ton uhla lwemishini. Ngenxa yokuthi ukushwiba kungaba nomthelela ekuzinzeni kwemithwalo esindayo, ezinye zezimbiwa ezincane zinikeza izinketho ezilungisekayo ukusuka ekujikeni. ngaphakathi kobude bethrekhi ukuya ku-15cm noma ngaphezulu kwama-50cm. Ezinye ze-excavators ezinkulu zinikeza a umsebenzi wokusiza wokuphakamisa ukuxwayisa ngokuzama umthwalo ongaphezu komthamo oshiwo wokuphakamisa.

Idizayini yekhebhu ethuthukisiwe

Okunye ukuthuthukiswa okubonakalayo kungaphakathi kwe-cab. Ukuze u-opharetha akhululeke futhi kube lula kukhona okuthuthukisiwe i-climate control, enezihlalo ezilungisekayo nezifudumalayo, kanye negumbi elingaphezulu lekhanda nelemilenze kukhebhu. Ukudlidliza kudlulele kukhebhu kanye nomshayeli kuncishiswa ngokusungulwa kwe-track roller nokwakhiwa komzimba. Kukhona ngisho namasistimu e-stereo athuthukisiwe, amanye anoxhumo lwe-bluetooth.

Ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe

Ukuze kube lula ukusebenza, ukuthuthukiswa kokuningi i-ergonomic joystick design, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuthinta okuthambile, kunikeza ukubamba ngokunethezeka nokusebenza kahle. Izinketho eziningi eziguquguqukayo ziyatholakala ngokuqondile kusukela ku-joystick ngokulawula kweminwe yama-hydraulics asizayo kanye nemisebenzi yesibili, ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuhambisa izandla kude kumaswishi futhi ukulawula okugcwele kungagcinwa ngokusebenzisa induku yokudlala ngokwayo. Amanye amasistimu futhi engeza izilawuli ze-throttle electronic, ezinikeza opharetha izindlela ezikhethiwe zokulawula ukulayisha emithwalweni ehlukene yokusebenza, okunikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokunciphisa amandla.

Izibonisi zedijithali, i-LED, nevidiyo enwetshiwe

Izilawuli ezintsha ze-excavator ziza nezibonisi ze-LED zolwazi olufundeka kalula olufundeka kalula kanye nokuqapha komshini. Ikhwalithi ephezulu, amakhamera amancane futhi aguquguqukayo anikeza imibono eminingi ezungeze umshini, kusukela ngaphambili, ngemuva, i-boom nebhakede ngakho anikeze opharetha izinga eliphezulu lokulawula kanye nokuphepha. Izibonisi zedijithali zingabonisa ukubukwa kwekhamera okuningi, shintsha izilimi nokucushwa kwesikrini kumaphrofayela o-opharetha aqondene nawe, kanye nokunye okunikezwayo kwezibonisi. ukusetshenziswa kwesikrini sokuthinta kanye nokuxhumana okwengeziwe kwedivayisi ukuze kusetshenziswe kalula.

Ukuhlanganisa i-GNSS, i-GPS, i-telematics kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuqoqwa kwedatha

I-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) kanye nobuchwepheshe be-GPS buya ngokuba yinkimbinkimbi futhi bunembile ngamandla ahlanganisiwe angenantambo ne-inthanethi, ngakho idatha yomshini ingadluliswa kumadivayisi asendaweni nakude ngokushesha nangokunembile. Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinzwa zakamuva namakhamera, kanye nezinye izici zokuthwebula idatha ezihlakaniphile, opharetha nabaphathi bephrojekthi bangaqoqa izibalo ezinemininingwane mayelana nokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha. Okwakamuva I-Global Positioning Systems (GPS) vumela ukusebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo noma kude kwemishini, ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukugwema ukushayisana, nokulandelela imikhumbi okude.

Ukubaluleka kwe-telematics kanye GPS, GNSS kanye ne-inthanethi ukuhlanganiswa kuvumela ukusebenza kwe-excavator enembile ngokunikeza njalo indawo kanye nesiqondiso se-excavator, ukugoqa ulwazi ngokumelene nedatha yedizayini, ukuqapha ukuqhubeka kanye ne-alamu ekhalayo uma inqubekela phambili ingekho endleleni.

Ukulawula kude

Iningi lamamodeli amasha seliza nawo umsebenzi wokulawula kude okuvumela ukusebenza kwebanga eliphephile ezindaweni zokusebenza eziyingozi ngo ukulawula imishini emikhulu noma emincane ikude nebanga eliphephile, ukunciphisa izingozi zokuphepha kanye nokulimala okungenzeka uma ufika emishinini.

Lokhu kungase kube ukulawula komshini wokubona ngekhonsoli ephathekayo, noma amabanga amade ngisho namakhilomitha ambalwa, akhawulelwe kuphela ukutholakala kwenethiwekhi engenantambo. Izici zokuphepha nezimo eziphuthumayo zibalulekile, njengokulibaziseka komyalo okuncane.

Amasistimu wokuqondisa ukujula kanye nezinhlelo 'zokusetha uphinde uhambe'

Ama-excavator akamuva ahlanganisa izinzwa zokuqapha indawo ngqo yokuma kwe-excavator, amazinyo engalo nawebhakede, namasistimu okuhlola ukujula avumela opharetha ukuthi ahlele ukujula okufiswayo kokumba futhi ambe ngokumelene nalokho okusethwe ngaphambilini.  Ezinye zalezi zinhlelo zinokunemba okufika kuhhafu weyintshi, ngedatha enikezwe ngokuqondile iphaneli yesibonisi somsebenzisi, ukuze igade ngokuqhubekayo ibanga, ibanga nokujula. Lawa masistimu asiza opharetha ukuthi banqume futhi bagcwalise imininingwane enembile futhi bafinyelele ibanga abalifunayo ngokushesha, futhi ngaphandle kokusika ngokweqile. Lezi zinhlelo zivumela futhi ukuzenzekelayo okuyingxenye noma okugcwele, ngokunyakaza okuzenzakalelayo kwe-boom, ingalo nebhakede ukuze opharetha abeke ukujula nomthambeka ngemonitha, bese evula ukumba kwe-lever eyodwa ukuletha ukumba okunembile nokulula.

Ama-engeli alungisekayo

Okunye okusha yikhono lokujika ama-angle kwesokunxele noma kwesokudla afinyelele kuma-degree angu-25, noma phezulu naphansi kuye ku-12 degrees. Lokhu kuvumela u-opharetha ukuthi athole indawo engcono kakhulu yokukala noma ukugcwalisa ngokushesha, futhi anikeze ukuzinza okwengeziwe lapho emba emhlabathini ongalingani, ukugenca nokuphakamisa. Lesi sici se-blade esilungisekayo sisho ukuthi ukwehla okungaguquki kungafakwa kuma-blade ngisho nasezindaweni ezingalingani, ngokufaka okuncane kakhulu ko-opharetha.

Ukunakekela okuqagelayo nokulula

Inguquko ebalulekile ekwehliseni isikhathi sokungasebenzi komshini kanye nezindleko zokuyilungisa ukusetshenziswa kokuqapha okukude ukuqoqa nokuhlaziya idatha ye-excavator nokuhlinzeka. ukulungiswa kokuqagela izexwayiso. I-Computerized maintenance management systems (CMMSs) ifakwe abakhiqizi abaningana ukuvumela ukufinyelela okukude kudatha ye-excavator nge-inthanethi, kusetshenziswa i-GPS ne-GNSS, ukuze kutholwe ukusebenza komshini wesikhathi sangempela, indawo kanye nedatha yokulungisa. Lawa masistimu ahlinzeka ngempendulo ngezinga lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle komsebenzi futhi anikeze idatha yokugcinwa kokuvimbela.

Ama-excavators asebenza ngogesi

Mhlawumbe ukuthambekela okumangazayo embonini enamandla kangaka ethembela udizili ukuqhubekela phambili kumandla kagesi, kunezimbambi ezisebenza ngodizili. Ukukhathazeka kwemvelo mayelana nokukhipha igesi kuwukucindezela okukhulu. I-United Nations ibike ukuthi imboni yezokwakha iyodwa yenza yonke into Ama-23% okukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide emhlabeni jikelele, nge nxazonke U-6% uvela ezintweni ezisetshenziswa esizeni. Ukwenyuka kwemikhawulo ekhiqizweni, ikakhulukazi eYurophu, kubangela isidingo sezinye izindlela zikagesi, ukulangazelela izindawo zokwakha ezingakhiphi nhlobo. Ngo-2019, iCaterpillar yethula i- I-excavator yamathani angu-26 enebhethri engu-300Kw engahlala amahora angu-5-7 nge-recharge yasebusuku. Imakethe manje inama-mini-excavators amaningi amancane asuka kuwo Usayizi wethani elingu-1 namandla angu-8Kw, kuze Ibanga lamathani angu-6 namandla angu-43Kw, engasebenza usuku lonke lomsebenzi futhi ishaje ngaphansi kwamahora angu-2. Izinketho zikagesi zinikeza ukukhishwa okuncishisiwe kanye nokunciphisa umsindo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zikaphethiloli wempilo yonke kanye nokuwulungisa.

Imicabango yokugcina

Isidingo sabavubukuli siyaqhubeka sikhula njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke sokwanda kwezindlu zokuhlala nengqalasizinda ethuthukisiwe sithuthukisa imboni yezokwakha. Ubuchwepheshe bufinyelele imakethe yokumba ngezindlela eziningi njengoba busetshenziswa kuzo zonke izici zale mishini kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Ama-excavators aya ngobuhlakani, ukusebenza kuba lula, ukunakekelwa kuyaqagela, futhi ukuphathwa kwedatha kukonke ngaphakathi nangaphandle komsebenzi kunemininingwane eyengeziwe futhi kuyashesha. Ngokukhula okwandayo kwezinguqulo zikagesi, manje sekunezinketho ezitholakala kalula ezitholakalayo. Lezi izikhathi ezithokozisayo zemakethe futhi kunezinketho ezithakazelisayo ezitholakalayo.