Amathrendi Ajabulisayo Ekuhlanganiseni Abavuni bango-2024

Abalimi bathembele ekuhlanganiseni abavuni ukuthi baqoqe izitshalo zabo ngesikhathi sokuvuna, ikakhulukazi emapulazini amakhulu ezolimo ezimbonini zokusanhlamvu okunjengokolweni, ummbila, ubhontshisi wesoya nelayisi. Ngokomlando, lokhu bekuwumsebenzi owenziwe ngesandla nowemishini. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthukile, kanye nokuthuthuka kwakamuva ekusetshenzisweni kobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI), kube nomfutho okhulayo obheke ekulimeni okuhlakaniphile nokuvuna ngobuhlakani.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe obusha, uma zisetshenziswa ngendlela efanele, zinamandla okuthuthukisa isivinini sokuvuna, ukwandisa isivuno, ukunciphisa ukumoshakala, nokunciphisa umzamo wezandla kanye nokubalwa kwabasebenzi. Lesi sihloko sibheka ezinye zentuthuko nezitayela ezisetshenziswayo manje ekuvuneni nasekuhlanganiseni abavuni.

Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula kokulima ngobuhlakani
Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe ezithokozisayo ekuhlanganiseni izivuni
Uhlolojikelele lwezitayela nentuthuko yamanje
Imicabango yokugcina

Ukukhula kokulima ngobuhlakani

Ukulima okuhlakaniphile, noma ezolimo ezihlakaniphile, amagama achaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bakamuva ukwenza ukulima kube lula, kuhlakaniphe, kusebenze kahle futhi kungabizi kakhulu.

Ngo-2022, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokulima ngobuhlakani yayilinganiselwa ku-USD 18.5 billion. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esihlanganisiwe (CAGR) esingaba ngu-12% phakathi nesikhathi esisuka ku-2023 kuya ku-2032.

Izinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe ezithokozisayo ekuhlanganiseni izivuni

Hlanganisa abavuni benze imisebenzi eminingi yokuvuna, ngokuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana endaweni eyodwa yomshini. Igama elithi 'hlanganisa isivuni' livela ekuhlanganisweni kwale misebenzi. Ukuvuna kuhlanganisa ukuvuna (ukusika utshani obusanhlamvu), ukubhula (ukuhlukanisa utshani nokusanhlamvu), ukuhlanza (ukukhipha udaka namatshe), kanye nokwela (ukuhlukanisa amakhoba embewu ngaphakathi).

Izindleko nokusebenza kahle kuhlezi kuphezulu ohlelweni lomlimi. Abalimi bafuna ukunciphisa izindleko zabasebenzi, kuyilapho bekhulisa amahora okusebenza akhiqizayo. Ukusebenza kahle kokuvuna izitshalo kuya ngokuya kubaluleke kakhulu, ukuze kwandiswe isivuno kanye nokunciphisa ukumoshwa.

Izinqubo ezilula zemishini zokuvuna zishiya inqwaba yamathuba okulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu kanye nezivuno ezingezinhle, ngakho njengoba ubuchwepheshe buhamba kuzo zonke izici zokuvuna, izinto zimhambela kahle umlimi.

Kunenqwaba yezindlela zobuchwepheshe ezithokozisayo nezintsha ezingathuthukisa impilo yomlimi kakhulu, futhi eziningi zazo sezisetshenziswa ekuvuneni. Lokhu kufaka phakathi i-inthanethi-yezinto (IoT), izinzwa, ukucubungula isithombe sesikhathi sangempela, amarobhothi, ukulima okuzimele, futhi manje i-AI.

Ezinye zezindlela ubuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ngazo zifaka:

• Ibalazwe lensimu nesivuno, ukuhlela isivuno ukuze kuvunwe
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-GNSS ne-GPS ukuhlinzeka ngohambo lwasensimini olungcono kakhulu
• Ukushayela kwerobhothi nokuzimela ukuze kuncishiswe isidingo sokusebenza komuntu futhi kuvumele amahora okusebenza amade
• Ukuxhumana kwe-IoT ukuhlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela ekuvuneni kumasistimu amaningi
• Izinzwa namakhamera, kanye nokucutshungulwa kwesithombe se-AI, ukuqapha nokunciphisa ukumoshwa nokwandisa isivuno
• Ukunyakaza kwekhanda okuhlakaniphile nokulungiswa kwe-engeli ukuze kunikeze ukusika okuseduze ngisho nasendaweni etshekile nengalingani
• Ukulungiswa okuqagelayo kokuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa komshini nokunciphisa isikhathi sokuphumula kanye

Uhlolojikelele lwezitayela nentuthuko yamanje

Imephu yensimu, i-GNSS ne-GPS, nokuvuna okuzimele

Isoftware yakamuva yokulima iyakwazi ukwenza imephu yensimu yezitshalo ezovunwa futhi ukwenza imephu kungenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Enye indlela yokukhiqiza imephu yenkundla ngesandla, ngokusebenzisa isofthiwe yemephu enesithombe sesathelayithi ukuze usondeze futhi umake imingcele. Abakhiqizi abaningi abakhulu bahlinzeka ngesoftware yemephu yasensimini.

Uma ibalazwe lenkundla seliqediwe, imingcele ingamakwa ngokunembile, futhi ibalwe i-acreage. Imephu ingase isetshenziselwe ukwenza imephu yesivuno, ukuhlola umkhiqizo wezitshalo ukubikezela isivuno. Izinhlelo zokusebenza zingangezwa futhi idatha yasensimini yomlando ibuyekezwe kalula. Uma insimu isifakwe imephu, amasistimu okulandelela athuthukile angahlela futhi asize ekuvuneni kwezitshalo okulungiselelwe.

Enye indlela yokwenza imephu yenkundla ukusebenzisa i-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) kanye ne-GPS namandla ahlanganisiwe angenantambo nawe-inthanethi, ukuhlinzeka ngokuma okunembe kakhulu. Idatha ethathwe emisebenzini yokulima yangaphambilini ingasetshenziswa, engaqoshwa kusukela ekulinyweni kwangaphambilini, ekutshalweni noma ekuvuneni. Idatha erekhodiwe ingadluliswa kumadivayisi asendaweni nakude ngokushesha nangokunembile. 

Uma kuhlanganiswe nezinzwa zakamuva namakhamera, kanye nezinye izici zokuthwebula idatha ezihlakaniphile, opharetha nabaphathi bamapulazi bangaqoqa ukuhlaziya okuningiliziwe kokusebenza, ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.

Lezi zinhlelo zokumisa ezinembile ziphinde zinike amandla ukusebenza kwemishini okuzimele, okurobhothi noma okukude, ukunemba okuthuthukisiwe nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe, ukugwema ukushayisana, nokulandelela ukude. 

Isibonelo u-John Deere uhlinzeka ngeSikhungo Sokusebenza sekhompuyutha ngamathuluzi okwenza imephu yasensimini, futhi isofthiwe yabo ye-AutoTrac™ ihlangana ne-Operations Center ukuze ihlele futhi ilawule izindlela zokuvuna ezinciphisa izikhala nokugqagqana ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvunwa kwezitshalo. Amasistimu abo nawo angaqhutshwa njengemisebenzi ezimele futhi engashayeli.

I-Kubota inikeza izici ezifanayo nge-FMIS (Isistimu Yolwazi Lokuphathwa Kwepulazi) yazo enganikeza imephu yenkundla enezingqimba engahlanganisa nokuzwa nokuhlaziya kanye nezixazululo zokushayela ezizenzakalelayo.

Ukuhlanganisa izinzwa namakhamera ukuze kwandiswe isivuno sokuvuna

Abakhiqizi abavuni bebelokhu bebhekene nenselelo yokulinganisa isivinini sokuvuna ekulahlekeni kokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sokubhula iminyaka eminingi. Ukwenyuka kwesivinini sokuvuna ngokulindela ukusebenza kahle kangcono kutholwe kubangela ukuvinjelwa futhi kwandise ukulahlekelwa okusanhlamvu, noma ngokuwa noma lapho kuchithwa uthuli, amakhoba notshani.

U-Yanmar useneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 esebenzisa izinzwa kanye namabalazwe asensimini ukuze athole izixazululo zokuhlonza ukulahleka kokusanhlamvu ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi ahlaziye ngokushesha ukuthi lokho kuvela ekubhulweni noma ukunyakaziswa, ukuze okuphakelayo, izisefo namavalve akhiphayo akwazi ukulungiswa njengoba kudingeka.

Ukuvela kwezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwenze ukucubungula kwesithombe sekhamera yesikhathi sangempela kusheshe futhi kunembile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa namanye amasistimu wezinzwa ukukhomba amaphuzu esivuno esihlukile kuyo yonke insimu, kanye nezindawo zokuminyana okukhulu noma okuncane kwezitshalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwalobu buchwepheshe obuhlanganisiwe bese kuvumela ijubane lokuvuna ukuthi lilungiswe ngokufanele, ukuze kugcinwe ukutshala okungaguquki kokutshala. Lokhu kulungiswa okusheshayo kwesikhathi sangempela kusiza ukwandisa isivuno kanye nokunciphisa ukumoshwa, kanye nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini.

Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-IntelliSense yaseNew Holland bungabala inani lezinto ezizizungezayo nezisefo, futhi bulinganise ukulahleka okusanhlamvu, kusetshenziswa izinzwa esicathulweni sokuhlanza kanye namakhamera okuqapha okusanhlamvu. Isistimu ingase ikhethe isenzo esifanele kanye nezilungiselelo zokubhula, ifeni nezisefo.

Amamodeli amasha e-Holland afana ne-TC5.30 kanye namamodeli we-Yanmar alingana ne-SMARTASSIST, ahlanganisa amasistimu ambalwa ahlakaniphile ukuze athuthukise ukusebenza kwawo, athuthukise isivuno, akale amazinga okuswakama okusanhlamvu, futhi athuthukise ikhwalithi yokusanhlamvu iyonke.

Izinzwa zaphansi namakhamera ukuze azivumelanise nobude bezitshalo nendawo

Ngabavuni abahlakaniphe kancane, ukuphakama kokusika kwezitshalo ngokuvamile kumiswa ngaphambi kokuqala ukuvuna, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izilungiselelo eziningi. Ukulungiswa kwebha yokusika kuzokwenziwa ngesandla esivuni ngenkathi simile, bese kusethelwa uhlobo lwesitshalo esizovunwa.

Unhlokweni osika isitshalo ngokuvamile ulungiswa nge-engeli evundlile. Kodwa-ke, unhlokweni ovundlile ogxilile awulungele izinkambu ezingasicaba ngokuphelele, ezinama-depression, ama-ridge noma ama-slopes. Igebe elingaphansi kwe-cutter bar lingasho ukusika okungalingani, okushiya izinhlanga ezingalingani, kanye nokusanhlamvu okungenzeka kulahleke. Izivuni eziningi ezindala zinamaheda angakwazi ukugotshwa ngesandla ukuze alingane nomthambeka.

Umkhuba manje usubheke emishinini ethuthukisiwe esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe benzwa yomhlaba ukukhomba umhlabathi ongalingani, bese ulungisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuphakama kwebha yokusika. Abanye abakhiqizi banikeza unhlokweni 'amaphiko' ukuze ahambisane nesimo sezwe. Lawa maphiko anwebeka ukusuka kumhlangano omkhulu kuya ezinhlangothini zombili futhi angakwazi ukulungisa phezulu noma phansi ngokuzimela, ukuze azivumelanise nemithambeka ehlukahlukene.

U-John Deere unikeza uhla oluthuthukisiwe lwabavuni bezobuchwepheshe obusha abanezihloko eziguquguqukayo ze-draper ezisebenza njengemigoqo yokusika ezimele. Lawa maphiko kanhlokweni alungisekayo aphume phakathi nendawo futhi angalungisa aye phezulu noma phansi ngokuzimela ukuze afane nomthambeka noma inkambu egobile. Ngemuva kwamabha okusika, amabhande e-draper abuye alungise nenhlokweni ukuze kugcinwe ukudla okusanhlamvu ngokulahleka okuncane. Umkhiqizi uthi amaphiko angakwazi ukugoba aze afike ku-10° okusho ukuthi amathiphu amaphiko anokunyakaza okuqondile okungafika ku-8.5 ft (2.6m).

Inhlanganisela efanayo yezinzwa namakhamera ingakwazi ukuhlonza ukungalingani kwendawo futhi ilungise isivinini sokuvuna ngokufanele, ukukhulisa isivinini sokuvuna emithambekeni ephezulu futhi kunciphise isivinini emithambekeni ephansi. Lokhu kusiza ukugcina ukubhula okungaguquki futhi kugweme ukugeleza okusanhlamvu okunganele nokungasebenzi kahle, noma ukugeleza okudlulele, ukumoshakala nokuvinjelwa okuwumphumela.

U-John Deere wenza lokhu esebenzisa inhlanganisela yamakhamera agitshezelwe phambili kanye nemephu yendawo. Ukuhlanganiswa kwalobu buchwepheshe kuvumela isivuni ukuthi sikwazi ukubikezela kunokuba siphendule ekushintsheni kwendawo.

Ukugcinwa kokubikezela

Nakuba ukusetshenziswa okuningi kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa kusiza umlimi ekwandiseni isivuno nokusebenza kahle kokuvuna, enye inguquko ebalulekile ekuthathweni kwedatha ukusetshenziswa kokuqapha okukude ukuze kuhlinzekwe izexwayiso zokunakekela ezibikezelwayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokungasebenzi somshini kanye nezindleko zokunakekela.

Ukusetshenziswa kokulandelela i-GPS, kanye ne-IoT ehlaziywe ngobuchwepheshe be-AI, kuvumela ikhompyutha isistimu yokuphathwa kwesondlo (CMMS) ukuze ilandelele amamayela (amakhilomitha) ahlanganisiwe namahora okusebenza. Lawa masistimu anganikeza izexwayiso ngesikhathi sesevisi, futhi angahlaziya idatha ukuze anikeze ulwazi ngezinga lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.

Imicabango yokugcina

Ukulima kungaba umsebenzi onzima nongasebenzi kahle, ngakho-ke noma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uphumelele futhi ungabizi kakhulu, wamukelekile.

Ukwethulwa kobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamakhamera anokucubungula izithombe ngokushesha, konke okuhlanganiswe ne-AI, kunikeza inzuzo enkulu kumlimi, futhi lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zobuchwepheshe zizokhula kuphela esikhathini esizayo.

Izivuni ezihlanganisayo ziya ngobuhlakani, futhi ulwazi olwengeziwe manje selusezandleni zomsebenzisi. Olunye lwalolo lwazi lungenziwa ngokuzimela ngamasistimu ashumekiwe, futhi amanye azisa isisebenzisi ngezindlela zesikhathi sangempela esisheshayo.

Abalimi manje sebeyakwazi ukuqapha insimu iyonke futhi bavune ukuze bavune ngezindlela ezihlakaniphile, behlisa ukugqagqana kwezindlela zokuvuna, nokwandisa amandla kanye nesivinini ezindaweni zezitshalo ezinesivuno esincane. Umlimi angavuna okuningi, ngekhwalithi engcono, futhi alahlekelwe kancane, okusho isivuno esingcono kakhulu. Lokho kusho ukusebenza ngempumelelo okungcono komlimi, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nemali engenayo eyengeziwe yokutshalwa kwezimali.

Lezi izikhathi ezithokozisayo zokulima. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezivuni ezitholakalayo, bheka indawo yombukiso eku-inthanethi ku Chovm.com.