Abaningi bethu bebengalindele ukuthi unyaka ka-2024 ube unyaka wokuqopha umlando, nokho kubonakala kunokuningi okumangalisayo okulindelwe. Ososayensi bamemezele uMashi 2024 njenge I-March efudumele kakhulu eyake yaqoshwa, ukuqhubeka nezinyanga ezingu-10 eziqondile zokurekhoda amazinga okushisa omhlaba.
Ikakhulukazi, ukuphusha kokulethwa okusheshayo, okusheshayo kubonakala njengomshayeli oyinhloko ongasheshisi ukuthunyelwa kuphela kodwa futhi kwandisa inani lezemvelo. Qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole okubi kokuthunyelwe okusheshayo kanye nokubaluleka kokukuhlola ngendlela ephelele.
Okuqukethwe
1. Ukuthunyelwa okusheshisiwe namamethrikhi ako
2. Ukwehla okubalulekile kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo
3. Indlela ye-Holistic metrics yokuhlola konke
4. Ukulinganisa isivinini nokuqina
Ukuthunyelwa okusheshisiwe namamethrikhi ako
Ukubuka konke kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo
Ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo, okuvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi ukulethwa okusheshayo noma ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kubathengi abajwayelekile, isevisi yokuhleleka enikezela ngesikhathi sokulethwa esisheshayo, ikakhulukazi uma siqhathaniswa namasevisi okuthumela ajwayelekile, angathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa noma amaviki ambalwa. Ngokuphambene, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kungase kuthathe ngokushesha njengezinsuku ezingu-1-2 noma kunikeze ukulethwa kwasebusuku okuqinisekisa ukuthi amaphakheji alethwa ngakusasa ekuseni.
Le sevisi ibalulekile kunoma yibaphi abasebenzisi noma izimboni ezidinga ukulethwa okusheshayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane neminqamulajuqu eqinile, ihlinzeka ngesixazululo esihlanganisa isivinini nokulandelela kwesikhathi sangempela ukuze kubonakale okuthuthukisiwe nokulawula ukunyakaza kwempahla.
Ngenxa yesofthiwe yokulandela ngomkhondo ethuthukisiwe nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezitholakalayo namuhla, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo akuhlangabezani nezidingo eziphuthumayo kuphela kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo ngezibuyekezo eziqhubekayo kanye nokubonisa izinto ezibonakalayo. Le ndlela yokuthumela manje isibalulekile emakethe yanamuhla esheshayo, isebenza njengenketho eyintandokazi yokulethwa okuphuthumayo, okuzwela isikhathi. Ukwengeza, iphinda isebenze njengenketho yokulethwa kwe-premium, evame ukuqashwa ukuze ihehe amakhasimende futhi inikezwa njengenzuzo yelungu kuphela.
Ukubaluleka kwamamethrikhi aphelele
OkaPlato isicaphuna esidumile: “Ingxenye ngeke ize ibe kahle ngaphandle uma konke kusahamba kahle” isebenza njengesingathekiso esijulile sempumelelo yenhlangano, ikakhulukazi kumongo wokusebenza kwebhizinisi noma, ikakhulukazi, impilo yebhizinisi iyonke. Njengoba zonke izitho zomzimba ezisebenza kahle kumele zisebenze kahle ukuze umzimba uphumelele, ebhizinisini, umsebenzi ngamunye noma ingxenye ngayinye isebenzisana ukuze ibhizinisi liphumelele.
Isibonelo, amamethrikhi aphelele abalulekile lapho kuhlolwa ukusetshenziswa noma isinqumo sokufaka ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kuhlelo lwebhizinisi lokuthutha. Ukwamukelwa kwendlela ebanzi yokulinganisa ukusebenza kubalulekile, okubandakanya amamethrikhi amaningi anikeza umbono ogcwele kahle wezempilo we-supply chain kanye nosizo ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi. Le ndlela ivumela amabhizinisi ukuthi ahlole izinzuzo zangaleso sikhathi kuphela kodwa nemithelela yesikhathi eside emikhakheni ehlukahlukene. Ngokuhlanganisa nokuhlaziya idatha evela ezicini ezihlukene ze-supply chain, izinkampani zingakwazi ukukala kangcono ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo ngokwesivinini sokulethwa, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kanye nembuyiselo ekutshalweni kwezimali.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi ukubaluleka kwalawa mamethrikhi kufanele kudlulele ngalé kokulinganisa isivinini noma izindleko zokulethwa. Izinto eziningi zokusebenza kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende, okuhlanganisa okuhle nokubi kwayo yonke imisebenzi yezokuthutha, kufanele futhi ihlolwe. Amamethrikhi ahlinzeka ngemininingwane ngokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, idatha yezinto ezikhishwayo, nezinye izindlela zokulethwa, isibonelo, abalulekile kumabhizinisi azibophezele ekusimameni. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuqapha amanye amamethrikhi, okuhlanganisa amamethrikhi e-On-Time In Full Rate (OTIF) kanye nama-KPI afanelekile, kusiza ukukala ukusebenza kahle kwamasu okuthumela asheshayo, kunikeze umbono ogcwele wamazinga empumelelo yokulethwa nezindawo ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa.
Ukwengeza, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kungase kuthethelele ukutshalwa kwezimali futhi uma kungaqinisekisa ukutholakala eshalofini kwemikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kokuthengisa nokwethembeka kwamakhasimende. Amamethrikhi anjalo aphelele asiza ukuvumelanisa amasu okuthumela ngemikhumbi nezinjongo zebhizinisi ezibanzi, ukuqinisekisa izinqumo ezisheshayo ezifana nemodi yokusebenza efanele kanye nokukhetha inkampani yenethiwekhi.
Ngamafuphi, ama-metrics aphelele okuhlola ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kubalulekile emabhizinisini esimanje ahlose ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinzuzo zezinsizakalo zokulethwa okusheshayo ziyakhuliswa ngenkathi kulawulwa izindleko, umthelela wamakhasimende, nokusimama kwemvelo. Amabhizinisi asebenzisa indlela ephelele yokusebenza kokuthunyelwa kwawo wonke angakwazi ukuthuthukisa uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka futhi athuthukise amasu okuthumela ngokufanele ukuze asebenze kahle kakhulu kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende.
Ukwehla okubalulekile kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo
Imithwalo yezezimali kanye nezinkinga zezinsiza
Izindleko eziphezulu ezihlobene nokuthunyelwa okusheshayo, ikakhulukazi izinsiza ezithembisa ukulethwa kosuku olufanayo noma usuku olulandelayo, zinganciphisa kakhulu amamajini enzuzo futhi zibophe imali yokusebenza. Izimali ebezingase zitholakale ukuze zisetshenziswe ngendlela eqondile, njengokuhlela kwezezimali kanye nokuhlelwa kwesabelomali, azifinyeleleki ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme kakhulu zezinsizakalo zokuthumela ezisheshiswayo, yingakho kubeka ingcindezi enkulu ezinsizeni zezezimali zebhizinisi.
Ngokombono wawo wonke amamajini enzuzo nokuphathwa kwezimali, insizakalo yokuthumela ebiza ngokushesha ebizayo ivamise ukukhuphula izindleko zokusebenza, okuholela emananini entengo yomkhiqizo noma emaphethelweni enzuzo aminyanisiwe. Lokhu kuba yinselele ikakhulukazi uma izinkinga zokuthutha zikhula. Kafushane nje, umehluko wezindleko phakathi kokulethwa okusheshayo nokujwayelekile kukhulu, okwenza okokuqala kubize kakhulu futhi kungabi namandla njengesu lesikhathi eside.
Izingozi zokwaneliseka kwekhasimende
Amakhasimende athokozela ukulethwa okusheshayo, nokho izinsizakalo ezisheshayo ezifana nokuhamba ebusuku noma usuku olulodwa zingafaka engcupheni ukutholakala komkhiqizo engcupheni. Lokhu kwethembela kuvame ukuholela ekupheleni kwesitoko uma kukhona ukubambezeleka noma ukuphazamiseka ohlelweni lokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi, okuholela ekuwohlokeni kokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende. Kunokuba zithuthukise ukwethembeka, lezi zinkinga zingase zikhuthaze ukunganeliseki okukhulu ngenxa yezithembiso ezingagcwaliseki, ezingase zilimaze isithunzi somkhiqizo.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphela kwesitoko—njengomphumela oqondile wokuthunyelwa ngokushesha—akugcini nje ngokukhungathekisa amakhasimende kodwa futhi kugqamisa nezindaba ezingaphakathi kokuphathwa kokuthengwa kwempahla ezihlobene funa ukubikezela futhi isitokwe sokuphepha ukuhlela. Ingcindezi yokulethwa okusheshayo yembula ukushiyeka ekuphathweni kwempahla kanye nokunemba kokubikezela kwesidingo, kwehlisa ukwethenjwa kolwazi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwenkampani lapho imikhiqizo ingatholakali njengoba kuthenjisiwe.
Njengoba ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kudinga ukusebenza okunembayo nokushesha kwe-supply chain, kubuye kukhulise ubungozi bokuphela kwesitoko. Lokhu kudala isimo esiyinselele esinamaphutha amancane, okushiya isikhala esincane sokulungisa amaphutha ngaphambi kokuthi athinte ukutholakala komkhiqizo nokwethenjwa kwekhasimende. Ngamafuphi, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kungethula ubungozi obubalulekile ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende ngokwandisa amathuba okuphela kwesitoko nokudalula ubungozi be-sporting chain, okungaqeda ukwethembana nokwethembeka, kube nomthelela omubi kumkhiqizo.
Isibonelo, uma ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kuqinisekisa ukutholakala eshalofini kwemikhiqizo edingeka kakhulu, okuholela ekwenyukeni kokuthengisa nokuthembeka kwamakhasimende, ukutshalwa kwezimali kungase kuthethelelwe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamethrikhi aphelele asiza ekuqondeni amasu okuthumela ngemikhumbi nezinjongo zebhizinisi ezibanzi. Baqinisekisa ukuthi isinqumo sokusheshisa sihambisana namamethrikhi ebhizinisi amisiwe, aqinisekisa imodi engcono kakhulu nokukhetha inkampani yenethiwekhi. Lokhu kuqondanisa kubalulekile ekugcineni umkhawulo wokuncintisana emakethe. Isibonelo, uma inkomba yokusebenza engukhiye wenkampani kuwukwaneliseka kwekhasimende, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kungase kubekwe kuqala emikhiqizweni enomlando wokuntengantenga kwesidingo esikhulu.
Ukungasebenzi kahle kanye nezinselelo zokuhlela
Ukuqaliswa kwezinsizakalo zokuthutha ezisheshayo kuvame ukuba ngaphansi kokulungiswa okubalulekile kwezinto ezingase zicindezele izinqubo ezikhona, ezinethuba eliphezulu lokwethula izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulukazi ekuphatheni ngokushesha nasekucubunguleni ama-oda. Izinselele ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza, ezifana nokufanisa umthwalo okungafanele, idatha yesikhathi sangempela enganele, nokuxhumana okungekuhle, kungakhinyabeza ukusebenza kahle ekufezeni izidingo zokuthutha ezisheshayo. Ukuphuthuma okujulile kokuqeda ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo ngesikhathi ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezikhathi eziqinile kungase kubangele ama-oda asheshayo noma imisebenzi engaphelele, engase ibangele amaphutha futhi iphazamise ukuhamba komsebenzi.
Ngakho-ke, le ngcindezi ephezulu yokusebenza cishe iyisihibe kukho kokubili ukwenziwa kwezinto kanye nokuhlala kahle ngokomzwelo kwethimba elisebenzayo. Isibonelo, ukukhathazeka ngabasebenzi bokulethwa kwezidingo noma ukukhathala nokuphepha komshayeli, okuhambisana nezidingo ezikhulayo zokuthi ukusebenza kugcinwe isikhathi, kungadala amaphutha kanye nokweqiwa komsebenzi, okuthinta ubuqotho bokusebenza ngokuphelele. Nakuba izinkinga zokuphela kwesitokwe zingase zibonise ukunemba kokubikezela, izinkinga zesistimu ezijule kakhulu ezisithwe izinselele zokusebenza nokuhlela ezibangelwa ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo zibalulekile. Lokhu kuveza ukungasebenzi kahle kulo lonke uhlelo lokuphathwa kwempahla kanye nohlelo lokuhlela, okuthi, uma lungalungiswa, lubangele izithiyo zokusebenza.
Inselele yezemvelo nokusimama
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zokuthutha ezijwayelekile, ezihlanganisiwe noma ezihamba kancane, ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kuhilela ukukhushulwa ngokuphawulekayo kwezivinini zokuhamba kanye namaza. Lokhu kubangela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ephezulu kanye nokukhula kwemvelo, okungqubuzana nezinhloso zokusimama kanye nokuzibophezela kwebhizinisi emikhubeni elungele imvelo.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isivinini esisheshayo sokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi siphinde sibe ngaphansi kophethiloli owengeziwe kanye nezinsiza, okuqhubeka kube negalelo emithelela emikhulu yezemvelo kanye nokuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokusimama kwemisebenzi enjalo. Le ndlela inganciphisa izinsiza zemvelo futhi iqinise ukukhishwa kwegesi, okudinga ukubuyekezwa okubalulekile kwamasu okusebenza. Ukuqondanisa izinqubo zokuthumela ezisheshayo nezinjongo ezibanzi zezemvelo nokusimama, izinkampani kufanele zicabangele izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlela. Lezi zixazululo kufanele zinciphise umthelela wendawo ngenkathi zisanelisa isidingo sabathengi sokulethwa okusheshayo.
Indlela ye-Holistic metrics yokuhlola okuphelele
Impilo yezezimali nokusebenza kahle
Lapho kusetshenziswa indlela ehlanganisa konke yezinsiza zokuthumela ezisheshayo, kubalulekile ukucabangela kokubili ubukhulu bezezimali kanye nokusebenza. Isethi ephelele yamamethrikhi kufanele ihlole ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko zokuthunyelwa okusheshayo, inqume ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kufanele yini ngezinzuzo zesivinini sokulethwa kanye nokwaneliseka kwekhasimende.
Ukuqonda izindleko kuhilela ukuhlola kokubili izindleko eziqondile kanye nomthelela obanzi empilweni yezezimali yenkampani kanye nokukhathazeka kokusebenza. Ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo kudinga ukulandelela okuqinile kwamamethrikhi ezezimali njengezindleko nenzuzo, kanye namamethrikhi okusebenza afana nesivinini sokulethwa nokunemba kwe-oda. Isibonelo, izinsizakalo zamaloli ezisheshayo, ngokuvamile ezihileleka ekulethweni kwemayela lokugcina, zidinga ukuqapha izindleko eziqondile nezingaqondile, ezihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukunakekelwa kwemoto, namaholo abashayeli, ukuze kukale ukusebenza kwabo kwezezimali nomthelela wabo wokusebenza.
Mayelana nokusebenza kahle, amabhizinisi kufanele anwebe ukugxila kwawo ngale kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo ukuze athuthukise ukuphathwa kwawo kochungechunge lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla ngokugcwele. Leli su lihlose ukuthuthukisa izikhathi zokulethwa ngendlela eyongayo, ehlanganisa ukwenza izinqumo kwezinga lobuhlakani ekuthunyelweni okusheshayo ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo ephelele. Ekugcineni, indlela yamamethrikhi aphelele igcizelela ukubaluleka kokucutshungulwa ngokucophelela izindleko zokusebenza, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, kanye nokushajwa komkhumbi ekuhlaziyeni kwezimali, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekisa isu lokuthumela ngemikhumbi elinokulinganisela neliphumelelayo elihambisana nezinjongo zebhizinisi ezibanzi.
Umthelela wekhasimende kanye nezimakethe
Ngale kokucatshangelwa okuyisisekelo kwezezimali nokusebenza, ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo kufanele nakho kuhlole umthelela wako ekwanelisekeni kwekhasimende nokwethenjwa. Kubalulekile ngokufanayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo akufinyeleli nje kuphela okulindelwe ukulethwa kodwa futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzizwisa kwamakhasimende ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhwalithi yesevisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola okulinganisa umthelela wokulethwa okufika ngesikhathi ekuthembekeni kwamakhasimende kanye nesithunzi sisonke senkampani, okubalulekile ekugcineni inzuzo yokuncintisana emakethe.
Ukuze ulinganise ngokunembile lesi sici, ukuqapha ukwaneliseka kwekhasimende nokuqoqa impendulo kumasevisi okuthumela asheshayo kubalulekile. Leyo mpendulo isebenza njengenkomba ebalulekile yokuthi ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kuhlangabezana kanjani nezidingo zemakethe futhi kulolonge imibono yamakhasimende, kunikeze imininingwane ngomthelela wako wonke ekuqhudelaneni kwemakethe nokwethembeka kwamakhasimende.
Ngokuvamile, ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela efiselekayo yekhasimende ngokuthumela okusheshisiwe, isu kufanele ligxile ekuzibophezeleni kokulethwa okungokoqobo ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembeka kwemakethe. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukwenza ngokugcwele amaza okusebenza kanye nokuthunyelwa kwemikhumbi kungakhuphula ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende ngokungaqondile ngokunciphisa izikhathi zokulinda kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwethembeka kwesevisi. Ekugcineni, indlela ephelele ekuthuthweni kwemikhumbi esheshayo kufanele ihambisane nokusebenza kahle nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuba khona kwemakethe okuhle nokuqinisekisa ukukhula kwebhizinisi okuzinzile.
Ukuqina kwe-Supply chain kanye nokuncika
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqonda ukuthi ukuthutha okusheshayo kukuthonya kanjani ukuqina kwe-supply chain, ikakhulukazi ekulawuleni ukukhuphuka okungazelelwe kwesidingo noma ukuphazamiseka, kubalulekile ekugcineni ukuqina nokuncika ngaphakathi kwe-supply chain. Lokhu kuhlola kuhilela ukulawula ukuncika ekulethweni okufika ngesikhathi, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle nokuthembeka kwe-supply chain.
Njengoba ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kwethula izinselele eziningi ezivela kumbono wokuphathwa kwe-supply chain, amasu okuphatha asebenzayo njengokubikezela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokuhlelwa kwesitoko esiqinile kubalulekile. Lawa maqhinga asiza ekwehliseni ubungozi obuhambisana nezikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-supply chain ingakwazi ukusekela isivinini ngaphandle kokuholela ekupheleni kwesitoko kanye nokunganeliseki kwamakhasimende.
Ugibe oluvamile lokuncika kozakwethu bezokuthutha abathile kanye nezinsizakalo ngenxa yokuthembela ekuthuthweni okusheshayo kungavinjelwa ngokuhlela izimo eziphuthumayo. Empeleni, indlela ephelele yokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwe-supply chain kufanele futhi ihlanganise izici ezifana nokukhokhwa komkhumbi kanye nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, okubalulekile ekuhleleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukene kanye nokuqinisekisa uhlaka lokusebenza oluzinzile.
Ukucatshangelwa kwemvelo nokusimama
Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, isethi ebanzi yamamethrikhi kufanele futhi ibhekane nomthelela wemvelo wokuthunyelwa okusheshayo, ukuhlanganisa imigomo yokusimama kumamethrikhi aphelele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imikhuba eco-friendly igcinwa igcinwa njalo. Kubalulekile ukuhlola umkhondo wemvelo wemisebenzi yokuthutha esheshayo, kucatshangelwa imiphumela emibi engaba khona ezinhlosweni zokusimama.
Ukuze kuqashwe ngempumelelo lesi sici, kubalulekile ukugxila ekukhiqizweni nasekusetshenzisweni kwezinsiza, ukuhlaziya umthelela wemvelo wokuthunyelwa okusheshayo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-carbon footprint neminye imiphumela yemvelo. Ngokuthunyelwa okubandakanya ukuthunyelwa olwandle, imodeli ebanzi kufanele futhi icabangele ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kokubili olwandle nasemachwebeni, okuhloswe ukunciphisa umthelela wendawo njengengxenye yenqubo yokuthuthukisa.
Sengiphetha, ukuzuza ibhalansi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ngayinye yebhizinisi iqinile futhi iyasimama kubalulekile empumelelweni yesikhathi eside nokuzinza. Ngokucabangela imithelela yezemvelo kanye namanye amamethrikhi okusebenza abalulekile, amabhizinisi angaqinisekisa ukugada okuphelele kanye nokukhula okuhlakaniphile, okuzinzile.
Ukulinganisa isivinini nokuqina
Ukuhlolwa kokuthunyelwa okusheshayo kwembula umthelela wako oyinkimbinkimbi ekusebenzeni kwebhizinisi nokusimama kwemvelo. Ukuqonda ingqikithi yokuthunyelwa okusheshayo okuhambisana nokusatshalaliswa kwamamethrikhi aphelele kuvumela ukuhlolwa okujulile kwazo zonke izinzuzo nezinselele zakho. Ukubaluleka kwalawa mamethrikhi angeke kweqiswe njengoba enikeza isithombe esicacile hhayi nje sezinzuzo ezisheshayo ngesivinini sokulethwa, kodwa nemithelela ebanzi mayelana nempilo yokusebenza nezezimali.
Kodwa-ke, okungahambi kahle okufana nezinkinga zezimali, ukungeneliseki kwamakhasimende, nokukhathazeka ngemvelo kudinga ukuthi kubuyekezwe kabusha isu. Inselele ilele ekutholeni ibhalansi phakathi kokuqina nesivinini, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusheshisa kwezinqubo zokuthutha akuphazamisi ukuqina kwamaketango okuhlinzeka noma ukusimama kwezinqubo zebhizinisi. Ukusebenzisa izinkomba eziphelele ukukala ukusebenza konke kubalulekile ekuzuleni lezi zinkimbinkimbi, ukukhuthaza indawo lapho isivinini singafaki engcupheni ukucophelela noma ukuzibophezela.
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