Njengoba uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka ngemfashini emhlabeni wonke luqhubeka nokuzwa ubunzima bokungezwani kwezwe, izinkampani zicabanga kabusha ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ngamamodeli okuthola izinto asebenza kahle kanye nobudlelwano obuphindwe kabili babahlinzeki ezindaweni ezibalulekile ezinzile okufakazela ukuthi zibucayi.
Amabhrendi emfashini amukela izinqubo ezihamba phambili ze-ESG zomkhakha asesimweni esihle sokwenza iminyakazo ethile enesibindi futhi aguqule isisekelo sawo sabahlinzeki sibe inzuzo yokuncintisana.
Ngalesi sikhathi sokuntengantenga kwemikhiqizo yemfashini emhlabeni jikelele ngokuqondakalayo bafuna ukusebenza kahle, ukuqina nokusimama, kodwa abahlinzeki abahle bahlala beyimfihlo yokufeza zontathu lezi zinhloso.
Ikakhulukazi, abadlali be-supply chain abahlinzeka ngemikhiqizo esimeme ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza, ikhwalithi, noma intengo njengamanje banenzuzo yokuqala, nokho imikhuba enjalo ingase ibe indinganiso ngokuzayo.
Inhlolovo yakamuva yezikhulu eziphezulu zokuthengwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka (ama-CPO) eyenziwe yinkampani yocwaningo iMcKinsey igqamise amabhrendi emfashini afuna ukusebenzelana eduze nabahlinzeki babo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala nokuqina.
Kepha imikhiqizo kufanele futhi ifune uchungechunge lokunikezela oluguquguqukayo, olusheshayo, oluqhubekayo, oluqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe, kanye ne-consumer-centric.
Ukufeza ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sokuguquguquka kwesidingo
Iningi lemikhiqizo yemfashini manje selibeka eqhulwini ukusebenza kahle kwenqubo yokuphela-kuya-ekupheleni inhlolovo kaMcKinsey iyibeka ohlwini njengokucatshangelwa okuphezulu cishe kwesigamu sabo bonke abaphendulile kwinhlolovo, isuka kwesesine ngo-2019.
Cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine (70%) zabaphenduli zinethemba lokuthuthukisa izindleko zokuthola usizo esikhathini esiseduze, okuholele ekuhlolweni kabusha kokuthi kwenziwa kanjani ngcono ukusebenza kahle kuzo zonke izici zokuthola umthombo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukwehlisa izindleko zomkhiqizo, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuthola usizo, kanye nokusheshisa izinqubo zokuya emakethe. Lezi zinto kuthiwa zibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukuncintisana futhi zikhiqize ukukhula okuhlala njalo emakethe yanamuhla eguquguqukayo.
Ngo-2021 nasekuqaleni kuka-2022 imboni yezemfashini yabhekana nokwenyuka kwezindleko ezinkulu kusuka enkokhelweni ekhuphukayo yempahla, amanani entengo yezinto eziguquguqukayo, kanye nezingqinamba ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, ezinye izinhlangano zenze izinhlelo zamasu ezihlanganisa idatha ne-AI, izinqubo zokuthola ulwazi ezinokuncintisana kakhulu, namasu okuxoxisana athuthukisiwe nokwenziwa. Lawa makhono ehlise izindleko kakhulu, alula ukusebenza, futhi aqinisa ubudlelwano nabahlinzeki abakhulu.
Ukulinganisa kabusha umkhondo womhlinzeki wemfashini ezindaweni ezintsha
Imikhiqizo namuhla ifuna ukuhlukahluka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina kwe-supply chain futhi igweme ukuthembela ngokweqile endaweni eyodwa. Amabhrendi nawo aphishekela ukusondela eduze ukuze athuthukise isivinini, izindleko, nokuba lula. Ngokubeka umkhiqizo eduze nezimakethe zabathengi, banganciphisa izikhathi zokuhola kanye nezindleko zokuthumela nezokuthekelisa ngenkathi besabela ngokushesha kumathrendi kanye nokuncipha kwempahla.
Njengoba amabhrendi eqhubeka nokulinganisa indawo yawo, i-Bangladesh, i-India, ne-Vietnam kulindeleke ukuthi ibe yizindawo ezishisayo zemisebenzi yesikhathi esizayo njengoba abangaphezu kuka-40% abaphendulile kwinhlolovo behlela ukwandisa ukutholakala kwalezi zimakethe.
Kodwa-ke, uMcKinsey ugcizelele ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa kabusha kwezinsiza kuhamba kancane kunalokho obekulindelwe ngenxa yezinkinga zamandla. Ngenxa yalokhu iShayina isalokhu ingelinye labakhiqizi bezingubo abakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ababalelwa ngaphezu kwekota yesabelo somhlaba (28%) ngo-2023.
I-Nearshoring ihlale iseqhulwini kubaphathi kusukela ngo-2016, nokho isabelo sempahla ethunyelwa eYurophu nase-US evela emazweni aseduze neMelika Ephakathi neMexico ihlale iphansi kusukela ngo-2018 ngenxa yezinselelo eziqhubekayo.
UMcKinsey ulindele ukuthi lezi zinselelo zixazululwe eminyakeni ezayo. Isibonelo, bobabili abahlinzeki bendawo kanye nezinkampani zase-Asia ezikhona e-Central America nase-Mexico batshale imali ekuthuthukiseni umkhiqizo wabo nokwakha amandla endawo okwenza izintambo nezindwangu.
Okwamanje, yeluleka izinkampani zemfashini ukuthi zihlole ngokucophelela ukusondela eduze, okungenazo izinselelo zakho, njengesidingo sokwakha amaketanga ahlanganisiwe wokuhlinzeka.
Ukuhlanganisa isisekelo somphakeli wemfashini
Ukuhlanganisa isisekelo sabahlinzeki kuyingxenye engokwemvelo yokushintsha kwemikhiqizo ekuthuthukiseni isidingo nokuhlelwa kokukhiqiza, ukuqina nokusebenza kahle.
Inhlolovo kaMcKinsey iveza cishe uhhafu wemikhiqizo (43%) yakha ubudlelwano obujulile nabahlinzeki-mpahla njengokuzinikela kwevolumu yesikhathi eside, izinhlelo zamasu okwabelwana ngazo zeminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu, kanye nokusebenzisana ngokubambisana. Lokhu kwenyukile kusuka ku-26% ngo-2019 kanti uMcKinsey ebikezela ukuthi izoba ngaphezu kwesigamu (51%) ekupheleni kuka-2028. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zabaphendulile seziphakamise ukuthi zibeke phambili abahlinzeki ngokusekelwe ekuthembekeni nasekusebenzeni.
Ucwaningo luphinde lwagqamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisana okusebenzayo kwabahlinzeki kubiza ukuthi imikhiqizo yakhe ubudlelwano obusebenzayo nabahlinzeki futhi zombili izinhlangothi kufanele zishintshe umqondo wazo ekudaleni inani eliqhubekayo.
Izifiso zokusimama ngokumelene nezingcindezi
Bangaphezu kuka-80% abaphendulile kwinhlolovo bathi izitifiketi zezemvelo, ezomphakathi, nezokuphatha; obala kanye nokulandeleka; kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinto ezisimeme sekuyizimfuneko ekukhetheni abahlinzeki.
Amabhrendi aqinisekisa ukuthi abahlinzeki bathobela izindinganiso zokusimama ngokuyinhloko ngokusebenzisa amakhadi wamaphuzu (92% wabaphenduli) kanye nocwaningomabhuku lwezinkampani zangaphandle (78%). Umphumela uba imboni enesidingo esandayo sokungafihli kwedatha ngokusimama.
Amabhrendi aphinde akhuphule impokophelo yawo yezinto ezisimeme njengoba u-86% wabaphenduli bethi bazosebenzisa i-polyester egaywe kabusha eminyakeni emihlanu ezayo, okuwukukhuphuka kwephesenti elingu-1 kusukela ngo-2019. Kodwa nakuba amabhrendi ebeka phambili izinto ezisimeme, ukuzimisela kwawo ukukhokha okwengeziwe kusalokhu kungafakazelwa.
UMcKinsey uveza ukuthi uma kubhekwa okuningi (70%) kokukhipha umoya okhiqizwe isigaba sesibili noma ngaphezulu kusho ukuthi amabhrendi afuna ukulandelela ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni phezulu komfula kufanele athembele kuma-avareji embonini ukuze anikeze izilinganiso.
Nokho ucwaningo lwayo luthole umehluko ofika ku-20% kokuphumayo okubalwe kusetshenziswa idatha eyisisekelo neyesibili yokuhlola umjikelezo wokuphila.
Futhi, uMcKinsey uphawula ukuthi abakhiqizi nabahlinzeki nabo bamukela lezi zindlela zokulandelela ukuze bahlale bencintisana.
UMcKinsey uphakamisa ukuthi amabhrendi adinga ukusebenzisana nabahlinzeki ukuze asebenzise amathuluzi ezobuchwepheshe ukuze athwebule ngempumelelo idatha yokukhishwa kwekhabhoni nokuthobelana kahle, uma nje abahlinzeki benezinsiza ezitholakalayo ezinomkhawulo ngenxa yomphumela we-bullwhip oqhubekayo.
Ukusebenza nabahlinzeki ngezixazululo zedijithali, amakhono nolwazi
UMcKinsey ukholelwa ukuthi izinhlangano ezithola usizo kufanele zakhele emizamweni yokuguqula idijithali eqale ngesikhathi sodlame ukuze zenze olunye ushintsho ekusebenzeni kwazo.
Amabhrendi asheshise ukuhlanganiswa kokuqanjwa kwedijithali ezindaweni ezinjengokwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko zokuthunyelwa kwempahla ngezinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-80% ezisebenzisa ukumodela kwe-3D nokusampula kwedijithali.
Ngamathuluzi edijithali nawokuhlaziya, abadlali kulo lonke uchungechunge lwevelu abakwazi nje ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo (isibonelo, ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo ngokuchaza izixazululo zezindleko ezigcina ikhwalithi) kodwa futhi basebenzisa ukubonisa ngale kwedatha ukuze basekele ukuthathwa kwezinqumo okusekelwe eqinisweni.
Ukuze uvule amandla aphelele obuchwepheshe bedijithali, uMcKinsey uthi izinhlangano zidinga ukubeka phambili ukuklama kabusha kwenqubo, ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yedatha, nokuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo ukuze zikwazi ukusebenza kahle.
Imikhiqizo ingase futhi ibambisane nabahlinzeki ukuze bathuthukise amakhono abo nolwazi ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo eziguqukayo futhi baqhubekisele phambili ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nokuncintisana.
Uxhaso oluhlanganyelwe lwezezimali nokuhlelwa kwebhizinisi nabahlinzeki
Ukuxhaswa ngezimali okuhlanganyelwe kanye nokuhlelwa kwebhizinisi kumelela izinga elijulile lokusebenzisana phakathi kwemikhiqizo nabahlinzeki. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okwabelwana ngakho kumaphrojekthi nengqalasizinda kungasabalalisa umthwalo wezezimali futhi kuphumele emiphumeleni enenzuzo ngokulinganayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, inqubo yokuhlela ngokubambisana ukuze ihambisane nezinjongo zebhizinisi zesikhathi esifushane nezesikhathi eside, okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe, nezinhlelo kungenza lolu hlelo lube semthethweni. Amabhrendi nabahlinzeki bangakwazi futhi ukuhlanganyela ukuze baqalise izinhlelo ezinkulu zokuthola usizo olungcono kakhulu.
Inhlolovo kaMcKinsey iveza ukuthi kusekhona izinga eliphezulu lokuzethemba ukuthi izinhlobo zezimpahla zezimpahla nezicathulo nabahlinzeki bazo bangalandela indlela eyakhiwe ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu, ukusebenzisana nokungafihli lutho. Kepha, igcina ukuthi izixazululo zedijithali kanye nedatha kuzoba amandla abalulekile.
Ngo-2023, uMcKinsey Isimo Semfashini Umbiko uphakamise ukuthi amanani aphansi kakhulu ngabadlali abafana noShein noTemu abawina abathengi futhi wabikezela ukuthi abathengisi ababili bazoqhubeka nokukhulisa isabelo sabo semakethe ngo-2024.
Umthombo ovela Isitayela Nje
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