Okuqukethwe
● Isingeniso
● Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe
● Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo nezici zawo
● Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile ekukhethweni kwamaloli omlilo
● Isiphetho
Isingeniso
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamaloli ezicishamlilo kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke isuka ku-$8.1 billion ngo-2024 iye ku-$9.6 billion ngo-2030 ngenxa yokukhula kwedolobha kanye nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha komlilo kanye nentuthuko kubuchwepheshe bamaloli kagesi kanye ne-hybrid. Izinkampani ezihamba phambili ezifana ne-Rosenauer, Pierce Manufacturing, kanye ne-Oshkosh Corporation zidlala indima enkulu emakethe. Kunesidingo samaloli ezicishamlilo ezifundeni ezithuthukile njengeNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kanti ukufinyeleleka kuyinto ekhathazayo emazweni asathuthuka ngenxa yemikhawulo yesabelomali. Ohulumeni batshala kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ingqalasizinda yokuphepha emlilweni ngokuthuthukisa imikhumbi yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamanye amaloli kaphethiloli kunomthelela ekusaseni lemboni.
Ukubukwa kwemakethe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamaloli ezicishamlilo kulindeleke ukuthi inyuke isuka ku-$8.1 billion ngo-2024 iye ku-$9.6 billion ngo-2030 ngezinga lokukhula lika-2.7%, njengoba kukhonjiswe inkampani yokuhlaziya idatha ye-MarketsandMarkets. Lokhu kukhuphuka kuqhutshwa ukuthuthela emadolobheni kanye nokuphoqelelwa kwemithetho eqinile mayelana nokuphepha emlilweni, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sezimoto ezithuthukisiwe zokucisha umlilo njengamaloli kagesi nama-hybrid. Abadlali ababalulekile embonini, abafana noRosenbauer, Pierce Manufacturing, kanye ne-OshKosh Corporation, bahola indlela emisha ngokunikeza amaloli ezicishamlilo anamandla amakhulu anezici ezithuthukisiwe ukuze ahlangabezane nesidingo esikhulayo.
Ezindaweni ezinjengeNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, iminyango yezomlilo ibuyekeza izimoto zayo ukuze ihlangabezane nemithetho yezokuphepha. Ngokusho kweMarketsandMarkets, izindleko zamaloli ezicishamlilo zisuka ku-$400k ziye ku-$1m, kuya ngokucaciswa. Amazwe asathuthuka abhekene nezinselele ngenxa yezinkinga zesabelomali kanye nezindleko eziphezulu, ngamamodeli ayisisekelo angatholakala ngamanani asukela ku-$50k kuya ku-$150k. Kunomkhuba okhulayo obheke ekukhetheni uphethiloli ohlukile, okuholela ekutshalweni kwezimali okwengeziwe emalolini kagesi nawengxubevange, ngamaloli asebenza ngamabhethri athola ukuduma, ikakhulukazi e-Europe. Uxhaso lukahulumeni luqhuba ukukhula kwezimakethe; isibonelo, isabelomali saminyaka yonke saseShayina sika-$1.5 billion sokuphepha emlilweni kanye ne-India's Smart City Mission, enesabelomali samabhiliyoni angama-30, ziyizibonelo zalo mkhuba.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli omlilo nezici zawo
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaloli ezicishamlilo zihlukaniswa ngokuya ngokusetshenziswa kwazo kanye nezici zokusingatha izimo ngempumelelo. Amaloli ezicishamlilo ohlobo 1 ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa izinjongo zokucisha umlilo. Aphuma namathangi amanzi asukela ku-300 kuya ku-500 amalitha kanye namaphampu akwazi ukuhlakaza amalitha ayi-1000 ngomzuzu. Lawa maloli ahlangabezana nezindinganiso ezibekwe yiNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA), okuwenza afanelekele ukulwa nomlilo kuzo zombili izakhiwo zokuhlala nezohwebo. Amaloli avamise ukuthutha amathuluzi afana namapayipi, izitebhisi, namagiya okuphefumula futhi avamise ukuba yibo abasabela kuqala ezinkingeni zasemadolobheni, njengoba kushiwo yiPierce Manufacturing.
Izinqola zomlilo zohlobo 2 zifana noHlobo loku-1 kodwa zihlangene futhi zivumelana nezimo. Ngokuvamile kunikezwa izindawo zasemakhaya ngemizamo emincane yokuvimbela umlilo kanye nokubhekana nezingozi zezimoto nemishini yokuhlenga. Ziza namathangi amancane namaphampu kodwa ziphethe zonke izinto zokucisha umlilo nezokutakula ezidingekayo ezenzweni zokuqala zokuphendula. I-Pierce Manufacturing incoma izimoto zomlilo zohlobo 2 zezimoto zomlilo eminyangweni efuna inketho yokuphatha imisebenzi ehlukahlukene efana nezimo eziphuthumayo zesevisi yezempilo (EMS).
Amaloli omlilo wequbula adizayinelwe izindawo zasehlathini eza ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, njengohlobo 3, 4, no-5. Afakwe amathangi amanzi angama-500 kuya ku-750-gallon namaphampu akhethekile okusebenza kwezicishamlilo ngaphandle komgwaqo. Lawa maloli akhiwe ngamasondo angu-4×4 noma angu-6×6 ukuze awasize ahambe kalula ezindaweni ezimbi futhi alwe ngokuphumelelayo nemililo yequbula esakazeka ngokushesha ngokusebenzisa inqubo “yepompo nokugingqa”. I-Front Line Services ithe lamaloli abonakala ebaluleke kakhulu eminyangweni yezicishamlilo yasemaphandleni ebhekana nezimo eziphuthumayo ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamanzi kanye nezimo zezindawo eziyinselele.
Amaloli ezicishamlilo ezisebenza ngogesi aya ngokuya ebaluleka kakhulu ngenxa yokugxila kwawo ekwehliseni ukungcola kanye nezindleko zokusebenza embonini yezimoto ezicisha umlilo. Lawa mamodeli anobungani bemvelo ayadingeka ngenxa yemithethonqubo ehlose ukwehlisa i-carbon footprint yezimoto eziphendula izimo eziphuthumayo. I-MarketsandMarkets ibika ukuthi lamaloli ezicishamlilo alungele imvelo afakwa eminyangweni yezicishamlilo etholakala emadolobheni aneso elibukhali ekusimameni. Ukwengeza, amaloli omlilo wokutakula afakwe izinto ezisebenza ngogesi adlala indima enkulu ezindaweni zezimboni lapho asetshenziselwa khona ukutakula okuyinkimbinkimbi nokuphatha izinto eziyingozi. Lezi zimoto ezithunyelwa ngezifiso zisiza iminyango ekubhekaneni nezidingo zemiphakathi yayo ngokugxila ekwehliseni ukungcola okuphumayo noma ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okutakula.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile kokukhetha iloli lomlilo
Izidingo zokusebenza kufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha iloli lomlilo. Iminyango idinga ukunquma inhloso yeloli, kungaba eyokubhekana nemililo, ukuphendula izehlakalo zasendle, ukuphatha izimo eziphuthumayo zomlilo ezimbonini, noma ukwenza imisebenzi yokuhlenga. Isimo ngasinye sidinga izici ezihlukene. Isibonelo, iminyango yezicishamlilo yasemadolobheni izodinga amaloli ahlome ngegiya lesimanje ukuze ahambe ezindaweni eziminyene, kuyilapho iminyango yasemaphandleni noma yasendle izogxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni ngaphandle kwemigwaqo kanye namandla amanzi. I-Front Line Services igcizelela ukubaluleka kokwazi ubunzima nezingozi endaweni yesevisi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi iloli lingakwazi ukusingatha izidingo zokusebenza ngempumelelo.
Lapho ukhetha imodeli yeloli lomlilo, nquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwe-chassis ozolisebenzisa kanye nendawo ezosetshenziswa. Ezilungiselelweni zasemadolobheni ezinemigwaqo emihle etholakalayo, i-chassis engu-4×2 ngokuvamile yanele; kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezingekho emgwaqeni, imodeli ye-4×4 noma 6×6 edonsa ngawo wonke amasondo ingase ibe ngcono ngenxa yokuthuthuka kwayo nokuhamba kahle ezindaweni eziyinselele. Amaloli ezicishamlilo afakwe wonke amasondo ahamba kahle afaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni ezingenamanzi alinganiselwe kanye nezindawo ezimahhadlahhadla, njengoba ehlinzeka ngokusingatha kangcono kanye nokuguquguquka kwezindawo zokuzulazula. Njengokweziqondiso namazinga e-PKPM, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukukhethwa kwe-chassis njengoba kuthinta ngokuqondile umthamo womthwalo wemoto ngokwayo, okube sekuchaza inani legiya namanzi angathuthwa imoto.
Ezilungiselelweni lapho izinsiza zokucisha umlilo ziziningi futhi zifinyeleleka kalula, amathange amancane amanzi anomthamo wamalitha angama-500 angase anele. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma zezimboni, amadamu amakhulu anesisindo esingamathani angu-8 ngokuvamile ayadingeka ukubhekana nezingozi zomlilo ezikhona kulezo zindawo. Amandla wepompo kufanele ahambisane ngokwanele nezidingo zokucisha umlilo ngamalitha aphezulu ngomzuzu (i-GPM) yemililo emikhulu. Njengoba kushiwo yi-Pierce Manufacturing, amaphampu e-PTO amaloli avumela ukugeleza kahle kwamanzi lapho imoto ihamba, isici esibalulekile ekulweni nemililo yequbula ezindaweni zasemakhaya.
Ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinamahlathi noma izihlahla, kubalulekile ukuba namathuluzi afanele esandleni. Izitebhisi zikusiza ukuthi ufinyelele ezindaweni eziphakeme kanye namathuluzi okutakula ezimeni eziphuthumayo kanye namadivayisi okuxhumana ukuze uhlale uxhumekile futhi uxhumanise ngempumelelo phakathi kwamalungu eqembu ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Isabelomali kanye nokugcinwa kokunakekelwa yizinto okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho utshala imali emalolini ezicishamlilo. Zihlukahluka kakhulu ezindlekweni kusukela kumamodeli ayisisekelo ku-$50k, kuya kwezithuthukile ezedlula isigidi esingu-$1 ngemisebenzi ekhethekile ngedatha ye-MarketsandMarkets. Izidingo zokulungisa eziqhubekayo, kanye nokufakwa kwewaranti nokutholakala kwengxenye yokushintsha, kudlala indima ekuthathweni kwezinqumo. Isiza ukulinganisa izindleko ngokumelene nokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside kokulungela ukusebenza kwamaloli kuyo yonke impilo yawo.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha iloli lezicishamlilo elingcono kakhulu kubalulekile ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zokusebenza zomnyango wakho, kungaba imisebenzi yesakhiwo sokucisha umlilo noma ukuphendula izehlakalo zasendle kanye nemishini yokuhlenga. Ngokuhlola izici ezifana nohlobo luka-chassis olusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kweloli kanye nomthamo wethangi lamanzi, kanye nokucabangela izici ezifana namandla epompo namagiya adingekayo emotweni, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi iloli lomlilo lihambisana kahle ukuze libhekane nezinselele endaweni yangakini. Ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kwalezi zici kuyilapho ucabangela izingqinamba zesabelomali kanye nezidingo zokunakekela zesikhathi eside kuzokuvumela ukuba wenze isinqumo esinolwazi esiphakamisa amakhono akho esikhathini eside.
