Umthelela Wobhubhane Embonini Yezimoto Yomhlaba Wonke

Imboni yezimoto ibe nomthelela omkhulu kulo bhubhane, njengoba kubonakala ekusebenzeni okuyehla kwemboni ngesikhathi sodlame. Kulesi sihloko, sizobhekisisa umthelela ubhubhane olube nawo embonini yezimoto yomhlaba wonke, sihlaziya ukusebenza kokuthengisa, izibikezelo zokukhula, kanye nezindlela zokuthola kabusha isifunda ukuze sibone ukuthi imboni ikuphi manje nokuthi ibikezelwa ukuthi izoya kuphi.

Sizophinde sibheke idatha ebalulekile emayelana nokusetshenziswa kwabathengi kwezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke, ukushintsha ukuziphatha kokuhamba, kanye nezimo zengqondo ngokuthenga izimoto ku-inthanethi ukuze sithole isithombe samathrendi abalulekile azoshintsha isidingo ngaphakathi kwemboni esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo.

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke
Ukuvalwa kwezitshalo nokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain
Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kokuhamba
Ukuphusha izimoto zikagesi
Ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwedijithali kanye ne-e-commerce
Iqhaza elibalulekile lamapulatifomu okuhweba e-inthanethi e-B2B ekubuyiseleni imboni yezimoto

Uhlolojikelele lwemboni yezimoto yomhlaba wonke

Kube nenani lezici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukusebenza kanye nokubukeka kwemboni yezimoto emashumini eminyaka adlule. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinqubomgomo zemvelo, ukufakwa kukagesi ezimotweni, imali ebolekiwe nenzalo, ukwehla kwamandla emali, imali engenayo engasetshenziswa, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zezokuthutha zomphakathi.

Ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke bekukhuphuka kancane. A Umbiko weStista kukhombisa ukuthi ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto zomhlaba wonke bekusendleleni yokuthi kufinyelele ezigidini ezingama-80 ezilindelwe ngo-2020; nokho, ukufika kwalolu bhubhane kanye nokuntengantenga komnotho womhlaba kubangele ukwehla kwesimo, okuholele ekutheni unyaka uphele sekuthengisiwe amayunithi alinganiselwa ezigidini ezingama-63.8.

Ukukhula kokuthengiswa kwezimoto ezilula emhlabeni wonke okubikezelwe phakathi kuka-2019 kuya ku-2023 kwehle ngo-16%. Kodwa-ke, ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezincane kulindeleke ukuthi kubuyele emuva ezimakethe ezibalulekile njenge-US ngo-2021 futhi kubuyele emazingeni okukhula kwangaphambi kobhubhane.

The abakhiqizi bezimoto abakhulu emhlabeni ngo-2020 bekuyiJapan, Germany, neChina. I-China iqhwakele njengomkhiqizi omkhulu wezimoto, njengoba isikhiqize izimoto eziyizigidi ezingama-21—cishe ingxenye yesithathu yokukhiqizwa kwezimoto emhlabeni wonke.

Ngokombono, imakethe yomhlaba wonke isilungele ukubuyela esimeni sayo ngo-2022. Idatha ye-Statista ikhombisa ukuthi imboni yezimoto emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule cishe ngama-US$9 trillion ngo-2030, kanti ukuthengiswa kwezimoto ezintsha kuzoba ngama-38% aleli nani.

Ukuvalwa kwezitshalo nokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain

Imiphumela yalolu bhubhane ibonakala ngokugqama kakhulu lapho kuhlaziywa izibalo zokukhiqizwa kwezimoto ezintsha. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ekufikeni kwalolu bhubhane, izitshalo eziningi zokukhiqiza zaphoqeleka ukuthi zivalwe eChina nakwezinye izimakethe ezibalulekile.

Umphumela waba ukuthi ingqikithi yezimoto ezikhiqizwe ngo-2020 beziyizigidi ezingama-78—isibalo ebesehle ngo-16% kunonyaka odlule, ngokusho kombiko. Idatha ye-OICA.

Imboni yezimoto nayo ibingesinye sezimboni ezithinteke ngqo ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-supply chain okudalwe yilo bhubhane. Abakhiqizi bezimoto babhekane nokushoda kwezingxenye ezibalulekile ezifana nama-microchip ngenkathi bebhekene nezinkinga mayelana nokutholakala kwezinto zokwakha, izikhathi zokuhola ezinwetshiwe, ukushoda kwezisebenzi, kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko okungazelelwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa.

Kuyalinganiselwa ukuthi ukushoda kwe-semiconductor emhlabeni jikelele kubangele ukwehla kokuhlinzekwa kwezimoto zabagibeli ngo-2021 ngamayunithi angaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili—okulingana cishe no-2% wemakethe yezimoto yaseChina.

Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kokuhamba

Ukusebenza ekhaya kanye namahhovisi ayi-hybrid

Lo bhubhane uphoqe izindawo eziningi zokusebenza ukuthi zivalwe ukuze kukhawulwe ukuthintana nomuntu nomuntu kanye nokuchayeka kwegciwane, futhi lokhu kwaphoqa ingxenye enkulu yabantu ukuthi basebenze besuka ekhaya ezimeni ezithathe isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka.

Njengoba ubunzima benkinga yezempilo yomphakathi buncipha, amahhovisi amaningi ashintshela kumamodeli wamahhovisi ayingxube afaka umsebenzi wesikhashana wasehhovisi kanye nokusebenza kwetoho ekhaya. Lokhu kube nomthelela emabhizinisini amaningi kanye nezinhlangano ukuthi zehlise amatafula amahhovisi futhi zifake amadeski ashisayo.

Lo mkhuba okhulayo wemisebenzi ekude noma eyingxubevange unomthelela embonini yezimoto ngoba udala ukuncipha kwesidingo sezimoto njengoba bembalwa abantu abazoshayela beya noma bebuya ezindaweni zokusebenza.

Ubungozi obuhambisana nezindlela zokuthutha zomphakathi

Ushintsho olungenhla ekuziphatheni kokuhamba kwabathengi kufanele lucatshangelwe kanye nezinye izici, njengezimo zengqondo zabathengi ezindleleni ezahlukene zokuthutha. Idatha ye-BCG ngesidingo sezimoto ngemuva kobhubhane kukhombisa ukuthi ushintsho ekuziphatheni kokuhamba kulindeleke ngenxa yalolu bhubhane.

Inhlolovo ye-BCG yokuhambahamba emadolobheni okwenziwa e-China, EU, nase-US kubonise ukuthi abantu babheka izimoto njengendlela yokuthutha ephephile uma kuqhathaniswa nezokuthutha umphakathi. Imininingwane iphinde ikhombise ukuthi ngemuva kokuvalwa, izimoto ezizimele zizokhethwa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi eChina.

Uma kukhulunywa ngamathuba okuthenga noma okuba nemoto ngemuva kwalolu bhubhane, kuyilapho ixubene kakhulu e-EU nase-US, kunomkhuba ocacile eChina wokuthenga noma wokuba nemoto.

Ukuphusha izimoto zikagesi

Umbiko wakwaMcKinsey ubonisa ukuthi nakuba ukutshalwa kwezimali ekunyakazeni okuhlakaniphile nokwabelwana ngakho (isb, i-e-hailing, ukwabelana ngezimoto) kwehle ngesikhathi sobhubhane, ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuxhumekeni empeleni kwenyukile. Ukutshalwa kwezimali ekufakeni ugesi kuthinteke kancane ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane futhi kuqhubeke nokukhula kusuka engxenyeni yesithathu kuya kweyesine ka-2020.

Inhlanganisela yokukhula kokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nezimo zengqondo zabathengi ezihlala ziqina mayelana nokufaka ukuqina ezinqumweni zabo zokuthenga izimoto kusiza ukuthuthukisa imoto kagesi ukuthengiswa, njengoba kwabonwa ngo-2020 nokuthengisa kukhuphuke ngo-43%.

Ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwedijithali kanye ne-e-commerce

Uma kukhulunywa ngokuthengwa kwezimoto namaloli, ubuchwepheshe obusha bedijithali obufana nokuvakasha kwezimoto okungama-degree angama-360 noma izici “zakhele imoto yakho” kumawebhusayithi abenzi bezimoto zase zethuliwe ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane.

Kodwa-ke, lolu bhubhane lusebenzele ukusheshisa ukwamukelwa kwalobu buchwepheshe bedijithali njengoba izindlela zokuvala imigwaqo kanye nokuvinjelwa kokuhamba kwenziwa futhi kwanqunyelwa kakhulu ukuthengwa kwezimoto zomuntu. Lokhu kuholele ekushintsheni kwendlela izimoto ezithengiswa ngayo, kwashintsha inani elibalulekile lokuthengisa obekwenzeka ezindaweni zokuthengisa kuya kumapulatifomu edijithali.

Ukuqamba okusha kuphinde kwaqhutshwa kumasayithi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingasiza abathengi ukuthi bafinyelele ezezimali kanye nomshwalense, okuvumela ukwenziwa kahle kakhulu kwenqubo yokuthenga izimoto ku-inthanethi. Lezi zinhlobo zokusebenza kahle ezitholakala ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali kungenzeka zihehe abathengi abaningi bezimoto abaku-inthanethi, noma okungenani, abathengi abazosebenzisa izindlela zama-omnichannel lapho bethenga izimoto.

Iqhaza elibalulekile lamapulatifomu okuhweba e-inthanethi e-B2B ekubuyiseleni imboni yezimoto

Imboni yezimoto ingenye yezimboni ebihamba kancane ekwamukeleni ngokugcwele i-e-commerce. Okwakujwayelekile ukuthi ngenkathi abathengi besebenzisa iziteshi eziku-inthanethi ukuze bathole umkhiqizo, babe sebephendukela eziteshini ezingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, ezenziwe ngezitini nodaka ukuze bathenge okokugcina.

Le modeli yokuthenga yathuthukiswa yilo bhubhane, njengoba umthetho wokuvala izivalo nokuhlala ekhaya uphoqa abathengi ukuthi bashintshe indlela yabo yokuthenga basebenzise iziteshi eziku-inthanethi ukuze bathole futhi bathenge umkhiqizo.

Yilapho izimakethe eziku-inthanethi ze-B2C ne-B2B zithanda khona Chovm.com yangena. Banikeze abathengisi nabakhiqizi inkundla yokukhombisa ngemikhiqizo yabo nokuthi abathengi bangagcini ngokuphequlula le mikhiqizo bephephile emakhaya abo noma emahhovisi kodwa futhi bathenge okokugcina ngaphandle kokuzibophezela ekuhambeni phakathi kwenkinga yezempilo yomphakathi.

Imicabango yokugcina

Ukuvalwa kwezitshalo, ukuphazamiseka kokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, kanye nezinguquko zomhlaba jikelele endleleni yokuziphatha ngenxa yalolu bhubhane kunomthelela omkhulu embonini yezimoto emhlabeni wonke.

Kodwa-ke, amathuba ethulwa ukwamukelwa kwedijithali okusheshayo kanye nokuziphatha kokuthenga kwabathengi kuya eziteshini eziku-inthanethi akhomba ukubaluleka kokuhlanganisa iziteshi zokuhweba ze-B2B ne-B2C eziku-inthanethi zamabhizinisi angaphakathi kwemboni yezimoto.

Ukwengeza isiteshi sokuhweba esiku-inthanethi nokuhweba ezimakethe eziku-inthanethi kuzokwenza amabhizinisi akwazi ukumelana nemiphumela yalolu bhubhane oluqhubekayo, futhi kuvumele ukuqhubeka nokutholakala, ukuthengwa, nokuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yezimoto ngisho nangesikhathi sokuphazamiseka okukhulu.