Uhlelo lweminyaka emithathu luhlukanisa umlando wesintu ube yizinkathi ezihlukile njengenkathi yamatshe kanye nenkathi yensimbi. Ngesilinganiso esifanayo, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lokho esikuyo ngempela manje a iminyaka yepulasitiki. Ngokombono wentuthuko yomlando, siphila ku- iminyaka yedijithali okwamanje futhi lokhu ngokuyisisekelo kusho ukuthi isizukulwane sethu sithembele kakhulu kugesi, sizungezwe izinto ze-IT nsuku zonke, futhi kaningi kunezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamashaja.
Nokho izinsuku zokuphatha amashaja amaningi sezizophela, njengoba manje ishaja ye-GaN, ekwazi ukufaka amashaja amaningi esikhundleni, isiduma ngenani eliphansi kakhulu. Lapha, asigibele leli gagasi lokuthuthukisa ukuze sithole izindlela zokukhetha amashaja atholwe kahle e-GaN.
Okuqukethwe
Hlangana nekusasa lamashaja
Amathiphu okukhetha amashaja e-GaN
Izinhlobo zamashaja e-GaN adumile
Shaja phambili
Hlangana nekusasa lamashaja
Njengoba umhlaba we-semiconductor kancane kancane uvalelisa kusilicon esinesikhathi eside, enye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-transistors emashumini ambalwa eminyaka adlule kube yi-gallium nitride, eyaziwa kangcono ngokuthi i-GaN. Lokhu okubalulekile ngokungangabazeki kungcono kakhulu kunezinye izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi. Futhi uma besingathembeka ngokuphelele, ishaja ye-gallium nitride noma ishaja ye-GaN ayiyona into entsha. Ishaja yokuqala yakwa-Apple ye-GaN, ngokwesibonelo, yayisivele yakhululwa esikhathini esingangonyaka esidlule, futhi ngisho nokukhululwa kokuqala kwe-a Ishaja ye-GaN ephumayo engu-100W ingalandelelwa emuva ku-2019.
Nokho, kwaze kwaba muva nje lapho lo mkhiqizo waqala ukuchuma. Inqwaba yezinkampani ezintsha nezikhona yagcwala kancane kancane imakethe ngokukhishwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zamamodeli amasha ngasekuqaleni kuka-2020, futhi izindleko zazo zehla njengoba ziba nokuncintisana okwengeziwe. Kusukela lapho, imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamathuluzi okuphakelwa kukagesi asuselwa ku-GaN bekulindeleke ukuthi ingenise imali engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezi-3 zamaRandi ngo-2030, ikhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-5.5% ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isikhathi sokubikezela seminyaka eyi-10.
Omunye umbiko, owashicilelwa ngo-Okthoba 2021, wadlulela phambili ukubikezela i-whipping 52% izinga lokungena emakethe lezixazululo ze-GaN ngo-2025. Ngokuhambisana nokudlondlobala kokuhlinzekwa kwemakethe kwamashaja e-GaN, izinga lokungena elinethemba lokuhle nokubikezela kokukhula okuqinile kuqinise ngempumelelo isimo salo mkhiqizo njengeshaja yesikhathi esizayo.
Amathiphu okukhetha amashaja e-GaN
Ngokufana nokukhetha kwanoma yiziphi ezinye izisetshenziswa zikagesi, kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uziqaphele lapho wenza isinqumo sokuthenga amashaja e-GaN. Inkinga yokuqala ebalulekile okufanele ibekwe phezu kwalolo hlu lokuhlola iphrothokholi yokushaja ngokushesha noma izinga elisekelwa ishaja ye-GaN.
Njengamanje kunabaningi Izinhlobo eziyi-7 zamaphrothokholi ashaja ngokushesha etholakalayo emakethe, kanti okunye kungabanikazi bamabhrendi/amamodeli athile kuphela. Ukuze uvimbele izinkinga zokusebenzisana, umuntu angase abheke I-Quick Charge (QC) ne-USB Power Delivery (USB-PD), amaphrothokholi amabili avame ukutholakala. Lezi zisetshenziswa kabanzi yi-Samsung ne-iPhone. Futhi izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kukhona namashaja e-GaN akwazi ukusekela amaphrothokholi amaningi manje.
Iqiniso lokuthi izingxenye ze-GaN zingakwazi ukumelana nama-voltage aphezulu kakhulu liletha inzuzo enkulu kumashaja asekelwe ku-GaN. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla kagesi angadlula ngokushesha uma kuqhathaniswa namadivayisi asekelwe ku-silicon, asekela ukuphuma kwamandla aphezulu kakhulu ngenani lokushaja elisheshayo. Ngakho-ke, ngebanga elibanzi lokuphuma kwamandla elisekelwa amashaja e-GaN, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuphuma kwamandla afanayo adingekayo kumadivayisi aqondiwe. Ngokuvamile, amandla adingekayo kuma-smartphones amaningi, amaphilisi, namabhange kagesi asukela ku-18W kuye ku-65W, kuyilapho amakhompyutha aphathekayo evamise ukuqala ukusuka ku-29W ukuya ku-100W.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukucutshungulwa okusheshayo kweshaja ye-GaN kusho ukuthi ukuchithwa kokushisa akuyona inkinga ngakho njengoba kushesha kakhulu kangangokuthi kukhiqiza ukushisa okuncane. Futhi manje njengoba izingxenye zingabekwa eduze ngenxa yokushisa okuncishisiwe, usayizi weshaja ehlangene ngokuvamile efunwa kahle kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, njengoba amashaja amaningi amancane eza nezimbobo ezi-1 noma ezi-2 kuphela, ishaja encane iphinde isho ukuthi inani lezimbobo lingase libe sengozini. Lokhu okunye ukucatshangelwa okufanele kucatshangelwe lapho ukhetha ishaja ye-GaN.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici zokuvikela ukuphepha ezivimbela ukushisa ngokweqile, ukushaja ngokweqile, nokujikeleza kancane kanye nokwesekwa kwesiqinisekiso kufanele kucatshangelwe futhi ekushajweni okuphephile ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezimbobo eziningi.
Izinhlobo zamashaja e-GaN adumile
Ishaja ye-GaN enokukhipha okuphezulu
Ukulethwa kokuphuma kwamandla aphezulu cishe kungenye yezimfanelo ezihlaba umxhwele nezikhangayo ezinikezwa yishaja ye-GaN. Ithuthukisa amandla okushaja okusheshayo, okwenza umuntu akwazi ukuzikhandla shaja ngokugcwele i-smartphone ngemizuzu engu-17 nje nge 100W ishaja ye-GaN.
Futhi iqiniso lokuthi ishaja engu-100W kade yaba khona kusukela eminyakeni embalwa edlule kusho ukuthi akukhona nje ukuthi sinezinketho eziningi ezengeziwe zamashaja anjalo aphumayo aphezulu e-GaN manje, kodwa okukhiphayo okuphezulu kakhulu njenge 130W ishaja ye-GaN kungaba yinto evamile namuhla. Isibonelo, ishaja ye-GaN engu-150W enezimbobo ezine ze-USB-C isekela zombili izivumelwano ze-PPS ne-QC njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Khonamanjalo, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-USB-C, efana nembobo ye-USB-A evamile evamile, iwuhlobo olusha lwesixhumi esibonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, kuvamile ngokuphelele ukuthola ishaja ye-GaN enazo zombili izimbobo zokuxhuma ze-USB-A ne-USB-C ndawonye, ngisho nakushaja ephumayo ephezulu kakhulu njengale. 200W ishaja ye-GaN enamachweba amane, akhethekile kumaphrothokholi e-PD kanye ne-QC.
Eqinisweni, ngaphandle kokudideka okujwayelekile kwe-USB-C kanye ne-USB-PD, okunye ukukhathazeka okuvamile mayelana nokuthi umuntu angasebenzisa yini ishaja enamandla okukhipha amandla aphezulu kunalokho okudingwa idivayisi nakho akuyona inkinga. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, empeleni, cishe wonke amabhethri esimanje afakwe i-chip elawula futhi eyamukela kuphela okokufaka ibhethri elikwazi ukukuphatha. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushajwa ngokweqile akuvamile. Ikakhulukazi njengoba iningi lamashaja ahlanganiswe nezici zokulawula ezifanayo futhi.
Ishaja ye-GaN encane
Nakuba amandla ayo ekhuphuka ngendlela emangalisayo, ubukhulu bayo, nokho, buncipha kakhulu. Njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, i-mini Ishaja ye-GaN ingase ifike nembobo eyodwa futhi itholakala ngosayizi wephakethe elincane. Eqinisweni, amashaja athile e-GaN anemiklamo efana nosayizi womunwe ayakwazi nokuminyanisa emachwebeni amabili. Isibonelo esisodwa yilezi zimbobo ezimbili 33W ishaja ye-GaN encane.
Nakuba kuyiqiniso futhi ukuthi iningi lamashaja amancane e-GaN anamandla aphansi aphumayo uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo abakhulu, uma kwenzeka kuba nesidingo seshaja encane ye-GaN enamandla aphumayo aphezulu, umuntu angaphinda ahlole Izimbobo ezintathu zeshaja encane ye-GaN efinyelela ku-65W okukhiphayo, njengalokhu okuvezwe ngezansi.

Amashaja e-GaN alungele ukuhamba
Enye inzuzo yosayizi omncane kakhulu weshaja ye-GaN ngokungangabazeki isisindo esilula kakhulu, esizuzisa kakhulu uma sisetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhamba. Ngokwesiko, ishaja yokuhamba ingaba nkulu kakhulu futhi ibe nzima kuneshaja evamile, njengoba kufanele ihlanganise amasokhethi ajwayelekile ngamazwe ngamazwe ukuze ihambisane nezitolo kuwo wonke amazwekazi ahlukene, njengalawo ase-Europe, China, Hong Kong, nase-US.
Kodwa-ke, ngokutholakala kwamashaja e-GaN ahlangene kakhulu futhi angasindi manje, amashaja ohambo olunamasokhethi amaningi angagcina abe nobukhulu obuncane, uma engelula, kunamanye amashaja avamile. Usayizi wabo ohlangene futhi usho ukuthi manje sebengakwazi ukubamba izimbobo eziningi ngisho noma inenani elikhulu lamasokhethi nezinkinobho zokuphuma kwama-slide kunamashaja ajwayelekile ajwayelekile. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi Amashaja e-GaN alungele ukuhamba anezimbobo ezi-3, nabanye Amashaja e-GaN ohambo ingase isekele ngisho nezimbobo ezine noma ngaphezulu, njengalena eboniswe ngezansi.

Shaja phambili
Uma kubhekwa ukutholakala kwamashaja e-GaN ahlukahlukene kakhulu anamandla aphezulu futhi ngezindleko eziphansi, isihloko esithi "ikusasa lawo wonke amashaja" sibonakala sisendleleni yokumaka ukuvela kwamashaja e-GaN. Amashaja amathathu e-GaN aziwa kakhulu abathengisi bezitolo okufanele bawabuke ngo-2022 amashaja e-GaN anamandla aphumayo aphezulu, amashaja ama-mini e-GaN, namashaja e-GaN alungele ukuhamba. Abathengisi bezitolo abamangele bangase basebenzise ithuba lokukhuphuka kwesidingo samashaja e-GaN, ikakhulukazi kulesi sigaba esibalulekile sokuthuthuka, ngokuhlola uhla olukhulu lwamamodeli atholakala ku- Chovm.com.