Imishini yokwenza amalahle balethe uguquko olumangalisayo ekukhiqizweni kwamalahle. Lawa madivaysi ahlakaniphile aguqula izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-biomass zibe amalahle, ezethula enye indlela eluhlaza kumasu okukhiqiza avamile. Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, le mishini yenze lula inqubo yokukhiqiza futhi yasheshisa ngokuphawulekayo, yangenisa inkathi yoguquko embonini.
Lo mhlahlandlela ubheka kabanzi izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho kuthengwa umshini wokwenza amalahle.
Okuqukethwe
Isabelo semakethe semishini yokwenza amalahle
Isakhiwo somshini wokwenza amalahle
Izinhlobo zemishini yokwenza amalahle
Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga imishini yokwenza amalahle
Isifinyezo
Isabelo semakethe semishini yokwenza amalahle
Umbiko okhishwe ngu Idatha ye-Intero kukhombisa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe yomhlaba wonke yemishini yokwenza amalahle uzokhula ku-CAGR ka-6.1% kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2028. Isabelo semakethe sale mishini senyukile ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezinto. Ngokugxila okuthuthukile emhlabeni jikelele ekuzinzeni, le mishini inikeza isisombululo esivumelana nemvelo ngokuguqula i-biomass ibe amalahle. Ukusebenza kahle kwazo, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi, kanye nokukhiqizwa okuhlelekile kuzenze zabaluleka emabhizinisini ahlose ukuzuza kokubili kwezomnotho nakwezemvelo.
Isidingo saziwa ezifundeni ezifana neNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia (okuhlanganisa i-Indonesia, iThailand, neVietnam) kanye nezingxenye ze-Afrika, lapho ezolimo namahlathi kuchuma khona. Ngokufanayo, izindawo eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika ezinemithetho eqinile yezemvelo nazo ziyafuna imishini yokwenza amalahle ngemikhuba eluhlaza.
Isakhiwo somshini wokwenza amalahle
Uhlelo lokwenza amalahle luqukethe izithasiselo ezibalulekile zokuguqula i-biomass ibe amalahle. Inqubo iqala ngegajethi yokudla, eyethula izinto ezingavuthiwe njengamapulangwe noma ama-sawdust. Lezi zinto zibe sezifakwa ekamelweni le-carbonization, isikhungo somshini, lapho zikwazi ukushisisa okulawulwayo ukuze zinikeze amalahle.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ugesi, igesi, noma i-biomass, umthombo wokushisisa uphendulela ukuqalisa nokugcina inqubo ye-carbonization. Uma i-carbonization isiqediwe, umshini wokuqoqa nokukhipha uzoqala ukusebenza, kube lula ukuqedwa kwamalahle aphelile ohlelweni.
Ukuphatha izakhiwo kanye nezici zokuphepha kuhlanganiswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza okukhethekile nokuphephile. Lawa masistimu abonisa futhi alungise izinga lokushisa, afake izindlela zokuphepha njengama-valve okunciphisa ingcindezi kanye nokuvalwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo, futhi engamele yonke inqubo. Isamba salezo zingxenye sivumela ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle aluhlaza.
Izinhlobo zemishini yokwenza amalahle
1. Izibambo zamalahle zendabuko
Traditional izibaya zamalahle sekusetshenziswe amakhulu eminyaka futhi kuhilela i-pyrolysis ehamba kancane yezinto ze-biomass endaweni ene-oxygen ephansi. Nakuba zibalulekile ngokwesiko futhi ziqondile, zivame ukuba nezingqinamba mayelana nokusebenza kahle kanye nokukhishwa kwegesi. Lawa ma-kilns avame ukusetshenziswa emisebenzini emincane, yendabuko lapho ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungase bungatholakali kalula noma buthengeke.
Iziko lamalahle elivamile, ngokuvamile elinomthamo osukela ku-100 kuya ku-500 kilograms ngeqeqebana ngalinye, zigcina ifa lazo elihlonishwe isikhathi eside. Nokho, basebenza ngokukhululeka, bathatha amahora angu-6 kuya kwangu-8 ukuze iqeqebana elilodwa. Mayelana nezindleko, lawa ma-kilns abonisa ukuhlukahluka, ngamamodeli amancane angena cishe ku-USD 1,000 kuya ku-USD 5,000, kuyilapho okuhlukile okukhulu nokuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kungafinyelela izintengo ezingaphezu kuka-USD 10,000.
buhle
- Iziko lendabuko libamba ukubaluleka kwamasiko, ukulondoloza izindlela zendabuko
- Kulula ukusebenza ngaphandle kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obuphambili
- Izindleko zokusetha kokuqala ziphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nemishini yesimanje
bawo
- Izikhilo zendabuko azisebenzi kahle ngenxa yenqubo ende ye-carbonization
– Ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa okulinganiselwe kungabangela ikhwalithi yamalahle engalingani kanye nokukhishwa kwe-VOC ephakeme
– Amalahle akhiqiziwe angase angabi nekhwalithi efanayo
2. Buyisela iziko lamalahle
Buyisela iziko lamalahle aklanyelwe ukuthwebula futhi asebenzise kabusha amagesi nokushisa okukhiqizwa ngesikhathi se-carbonization, ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni. Isistimu ye-loop evaliwe iqinisekisa ukuthi amagesi akhiqizwa phakathi nenqubo ashiswa kabusha ukuze anikeze ukushisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle okuphelele.
Iziko lokuphehla amalahle linikeza igxathu elikhuphukayo, likhiqiza amathani amalahle angu-1 kuya kwangu-5 ngeqoqo ngalinye. Ngenxa yomklamo wabo we-loop evaliwe, basheshisa inqubo ye-carbonization, bayiqede emahoreni angu-4 kuya kwangu-6. Utshalomali lokuqala lusukela ku-USD 5,000 kumamodeli amancane kuye ku-USD 20,000 noma ngaphezulu kumayunithi amakhulu, asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Lolu hlobo lweziko luthandwa kakhulu ngenxa yekhono laso lokukhiqiza amalahle ekhwalithi ephezulu kuyilapho lunciphisa umthelela wendawo. Ama-retort kilns avame ukuqashwa abakhiqizi abakhulu, ababeka phambili ikhwalithi yokuphuma nokusimama.
buhle
- Ukusebenza kahle kwamandla ngokusebenzisa igesi nokushisa kabusha
– Ukukhiqizwa kwamalahle eqophelo eliphezulu nokulawula izinga lokushisa okunembayo
- Ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngokushisa kabusha igesi evaliwe
bawo
- Idinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphezulu kokuqala kumishini eyinkimbinkimbi
- Ama-opening kilns okusebenza angase adinge ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe nobungcweti uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela zendabuko
- Ifaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizweni okuphakathi nendawo kuya kwenkulu, ayilungele ukusebenza kwezinga elincane
3. Izithando ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo
Ihloselwe ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, amaziko e-carbonization aqhubekayo nikeza indlela ehlelekile yokwenza amalahle. Lezi ziko zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, zivumela ukuphuma okungaguquki kwamalahle. Zinezinga lokushisa elithuthukisiwe kanye nezilawuli zokugeleza komoya, ezikhiqiza i-carbonization ephumelelayo nekhwalithi yamalahle efanayo.
Kodwa-ke, lezi ziko zidinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu futhi zilungele kangcono ukusebenza ngezinsiza ezibalulekile ze-biomass kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza. Imvelo yazo ezenzakalelayo namandla amakhulu azenza zilungele amabhizinisi ahlose ukukhiqiza amalahle ezingeni lezentengiso.
Lezi ziko zingamahhashi okusebenza ezimbonini, anamandla asukela kumathani ama-5 kuye kwangama-20 amalahle ngosuku noma ngisho nangaphezulu. Zisebenza ngokuqhubekayo, ziqinisekisa okukhiphayo okungaguquki, futhi ngokuvamile zithatha ihora elingu-1 kuya kwangu-2 iqoqo ngalinye. Kodwa-ke, ithegi yabo yentengo ibonisa amandla abo embonini, iqala ku-USD 50,000 futhi ifinyelela ku-USD 100,000 noma ngaphezulu kumamodeli amakhulu, kuye ngosayizi wabo nezici.
buhle
- Ukusebenza okuqhubekayo kuqinisekisa ukukhishwa kwamalahle okungaguquki
- Izilawuli ezithuthukisiwe ziholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-carbonization kanye nekhwalithi yamalahle efanayo
- Ifaneleke kahle amabhizinisi ezentengiselwano ngenxa yokuzenzakalela kanye namakhono amakhulu
bawo
- Ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kwangaphambili kuyadingeka ukuze kusetshenziswe izinto zokusebenza nengqalasizinda
- Ifaneleka kakhulu imisebenzi enezinsiza eziningi ze-biomass nezidingo eziphezulu zokukhiqiza
- Kungase kuhlanganise ubunkimbinkimbi bokulungisa okuphezulu nokwengamela
4. Imishini yamalahle
Imishini yamalahle gxila ekuguquleni uthuli lwamalahle oluxegayo noma i-biomass ibe amabrikhethi ahlangene. Le mishini ivamise ukusebenzisa izibophezelo nezithasiselo ukuze kube lula ukucindezelwa nokuthuthukisa izici zokuvutha kwama-briquette. Ama-briquette avelayo anomumo ofanayo futhi aminyene, okwenza kube lula ukuwaphatha, ukuthuthwa, nokugcinwa.
Le mishini idume ngokusetshenziswa kwasekhaya nakwezentengiselwano ngenxa yobulula bayo kanye nesikhathi sokushiswa esengeziwe. Imishini yokufaka amalahle ngamalahle ibhekelela labo ababeka phambili ukusetshenziswa kalula nokupakishwa kwamalahle ngendlela efanele.
Imishini yamalahle amalahle inikezela ngamakhono ahlukahlukene, kusukela kumayunithi amancane, asebenza ngesandla akhiqiza cishe amakhilogremu angama-50 ngehora kuya kwezinkudlwana, izinhlelo ezizenzakalelayo ezikwazi ukukhiqiza amakhilogremu angu-5,000 (noma amathani angu-5) ama-briquette ngehora.
Imishini yezandla yezinga lokungena ivamise ukuqala ku-USD 500. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amayunithi amakhulu, amandla aphezulu, kanye nesici esicebile angasukela ku-USD 10,000 ukuya ngaphezulu kuka-USD 100,000, kuye ngomthamo wawo wokukhiqiza namandla athuthukile.
buhle
- Ama-Briquettes anikeza ukupakishwa okulula okunomumo ofanayo kanye nokuminyana
– Anikeza isikhathi eside sokusha kunamalahle axegayo
- Ilungele abasebenzisi basekhaya nabezentengiselwano abazisa ukusetshenziswa kalula nokupakishwa okuphumelelayo
bawo
– Ukuncika kuma-binders nezithasiselo kungase kube nomthelela ekuhlanzekeni kwamalahle
– Le mishini igxile ekukhiqizeni ibriquette futhi ayifani neminye imikhiqizo yamalahle
- Kunezindleko zokuqala ezihilelekile ekuthengeni nasekunakekeleni imishini
Umhlahlandlela wokuthenga imishini yokwenza amalahle
1. Amandla
Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okungenamthungo, ukuvumelanisa okukhiphayo komshini nezidingo zokukhiqiza kubalulekile. Ukuhamba kancane kubeka engcupheni ukusetshenziswa kancane, okungase kuthikameze ukusebenza kahle, kuyilapho kukhethwa umshini wokwenza amalahle owedlula izidingo kungase kubangele imiphumela engemihle. Usungula ukugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza okuvumelanayo nokusebenzayo ngokukala izidingo zokukhiqiza ngokumelene namandla omshini.
Iziko lamalahle elivamile lingakhiqiza amathani amalahle angaba ngu-1 kuye kwayi-5 ngeqoqo ngalinye, iziko lokuphehla amalahle ngokuvamile lisukela kumathani angu-1 kuye kwayi-10 ngeqoqo ngalinye, iziko eliqhubekayo le-carbonization lingaphatha amathani angama-500 kuye kwayi-10 ngehora kuye ngobukhulu neklamo, futhi imishini yamalahle ngokuvamile ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imishini yamalahle eyi-100 kodwa ngokuvamile ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imishini yamalahle ewu-1000. ama-briquette ngehora.
I-2. Intengo
Nakuba ukucabangela ukuthengeka kuwubuhlakani, ukuhlola imbuyiselo engaba khona ekutshalweni kwezimali kuyo yonke impilo yomshini kubaluleke ngokufanayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukutshala imali kakhulu ekuqaleni a umshini wokwenza amalahle okunikeza ukusebenza kahle okuthuthukisiwe nokuqina ngokuvamile kungaholela ekongeni kwezindleko ezibalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ibanga lentengo yeziko lokushisisa amalahle liphakathi kuka-USD 300 kanye no-USD 3,000. Iziko lokubuyisela amalahle liqala cishe ku-USD 5,000, okungenzeka likhuphukele ku-USD 20,000 noma ngaphezulu kuye ngosayizi nezici. Iziqhumiso ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo zehla zisuka cishe ku-USD 10,000 ziye ku-USD 30,000, kuye ngomthamo kanye nobunkimbinkimbi bezobuchwepheshe. Imishini yebriquette yamalahle ibonisa inani elibanzi, nezindleko ezihluka kakhulu ukusuka ku-USD 3,000 kuya ku-USD 50,000 noma ngaphezulu,
3. Ukusebenza kahle
Imishini yokwenza amalahle kuhlanganise nobuchwepheshe obuseqophelweni eliphezulu kuvame ukukhombisa ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ukwenza ngcono ikhwalithi yamalahle kanye nokunciphisa ukuphehlwa kwemfucuza. Naphezu kwenkokhelo yezindleko zangaphambili ezingaba khona, lezi zinketho ezithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe zifanele ukucatshangelwa ngenxa yekhono lazo lokuhlinzeka ngenani eliphelele elingcono kakhulu.
Iziko lamalahle elivamile lingase libe nokusebenza kahle okuphansi ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokucubungula kanye nokulawula okuncane. Iziko lamalahle e-retort zenzelwe ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yokuphuma. Iziqhumiso ze-carbonization eziqhubekayo zifakwe izilawuli eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawulwa okunembile kwezinga lokushisa nokusebenza kahle, futhi imishini yamalahle e-briquette yamalahle, kuye ngokuthi iklanywe kanjani, inganikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu ekucindezeleni izinhlayiya ze-biomass namalahle zibe ama-briquette afanayo.
4. Uhlobo lwezinto zokusetshenziswa
Uma kucatshangelwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinto ze-biomass, ukufanisa umshini wokwenza amalahle ngezinsiza ezikhona kubalulekile. Qinisekisa ukuthi umshini unekhono ekucubunguleni izinto zokusetshenziswa njengama-wood chips, sawdust, imfucuza yezolimo, noma eminye imithombo.
Isibonelo, izimbawula zamalahle zendabuko zivame ukuphatha izingodo noma amagatsha. Iziko lamalahle e-retort lisebenza ngezindlela eziningi futhi lingasebenza ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-biomass, okuhlanganisa uthuli lwamasaha kanye nezinsalela zezolimo. Amafurnase e-carbonization aqhubekayo aklanyelwe ukuthwala inqwaba yezinto ze-biomass. Imishini yebriquette yamalahle iklanyelwe ukucindezela ngempumelelo ingxube yothuli lwamalahle, sawdust, nezinye izibophezelo zibe amabriquette anomumo nosayizi ongaguquki.
5. Ijubane
Izinga lapho a umshini wokwenza amalahle imisebenzi inesisindo esibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi emabhizinisini. Nokho, ukulingana phakathi kwejubane kanye nekhwalithi yamalahle kubaluleke kakhulu. Nakuba ukubeka eqhulwini imishini esheshayo ihambisana nezinhloso zokukhiqiza, kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki engozini ubuqotho bomkhiqizo wokugcina.
Ukuze unikeze umuzwa ongokoqobo wejubane, okokushiswa kwamalahle endabuko kungase kudinge izinsuku ukuze inqwaba iphothulwe, iziko lokuphehla amalahle zingasheshisa inqubo ibe amahora ambalwa, iziko eliqhubekayo le-carbonization livumela ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kusukela emahoreni ambalwa kuya osukwini olugcwele, futhi imishini yebriquette yamalahle ingakhiqiza izinto eziningi ezincibilikayo emshinini wokuklama nomthamo othile phakathi kwehora nehora.
I-6. Ukuqina
Ukukhetha eyakhelwe ngokuqinile umshini wokwenza amalahle eyenziwe ngezinto eziqinile ifana nokutshalwa kwezimali empilweni enwetshiwe yokusebenza yomshini. Lobu bude besikhathi buyisivimbeli ngokumelene nokuphazamiseka okungalindelekile okuvela ekuqhekekeni okungaba khona. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuqina kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle futhi kugcizelela ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwebhizinisi lokukhiqiza amalahle. Ngokwesilinganiso, imishini yokwenza amalahle ingahlala phakathi kweminyaka eyi-10 kuya kwengama-30, kuye ngokulungiswa kanye namandla okusetshenziswa kwayo.
Isifinyezo
Ukufingqa, ukuhlola emishinini yokwenza amalahle kudinga ukucatshangelwa okucatshangelwayo kwezinto eziningi ezibalulekile. Kusukela kumthamo kanye nentengo kuye ekusebenzeni kahle, izinto zokusetshenziswa, isivinini, ikhwalithi, nokuqina, isici ngasinye silolonga kakhulu umphumela wanoma iyiphi imboni yokukhiqiza amalahle. Hlola izinhlobonhlobo zezinketho futhi ujule kulo Chovm.com.
