Ungathenga Kanjani Imishini Engcono Kakhulu Yokulungisa Izithelo Nemifino

Imishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino kufanele ube nakho kuwo wonke umuntu osebenza embonini yokucubungula ukudla. Kunemishini ehlukene eyakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, futhi umshini ngamunye wale mishini unezici ezihlukile okudingeka zibhekwe lapho kukhethwa ukuthi uwuthenge muphi.

Imifino kanye nabacubungula ukudla kuyizimali ezinhle zokuqala. Azigcini nje ngokusiza ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhiqiza kodwa futhi zisiza ekukhiqizeni imali. Kufanelekile ukuthi izinyathelo ezifanele kufanele zilandelwe ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi sokuthenga. Lesi sihloko sihlanganisa amathiphu wokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i- imishini engcono kakhulu yokucubungula izithelo nemifino, kanye nenqubo yokukhetha amaphrosesa angcono kakhulu okudla nemifino.

Okuqukethwe
Izinhlobo zemishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino
Ukucatshangelwa kwemishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino
Isiphetho

Izinhlobo zemishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino

Inqubo yokuguqulwa kwesithelo nemifino yenzeka kulezi zigaba nezinyathelo ezilandelayo:

– Ukwamukela

– Ukugeza

- Ukuhlunga

– Ukucwecwa

- Ukushisa

– Ukugcwalisa

– Kuyakhathaza

– Ukubekwa uphawu

– Ukuvala inzalo

– Ukulebula

– Futhi ekugcineni, isitoreji.

Imishini namathuluzi ahlukene asetshenziswa kulesi sigaba ngasinye. Njengoba lezi zithelo nemifino kukhiqizwa ngobuningi, ngokungangabazeki izinqubo ezenziwa ngesandla zingenza le nqubo ibe isicefe kakhulu. Ngakho, imishini ehlukene kufanele isetshenziswe esigabeni ngasinye sokukhiqiza.

Uzodinga futhi okokusebenza kokulungiselela ngesikhathi sezigaba zokuqala zokukhiqiza ukuze uqale inqubo. 

Nazi ezinye zalezi zingcezu zemishini:

– Amawasha

– Blanchers

– Amabhande okuthutha

– Izilinganiso zokukala/izilinganiso zamakhemikhali

Ngemuva kokulungiswa kokuqala, kuza inqubo yokushisa. Lapha, izithelo nemifino kushiswa ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu ukuze kufakwe amagciwane ngendlela ehlanzekile futhi kukhishwe zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingenampilo. Imishini esetshenziswa phakathi nale nqubo ihlanganisa:

– Izitofu zegesi

– Hot plate

- I-LPG bhattis

- Ama-boilers

Uma amagciwane eseqediwe, izithelo/imifino iyakufanelekela ukukhishwa kwejusi. Imishini yokukhipha ujusi iyizigaba ezimbili; ezizenzakalelayo futhi eziqhutshwa ngesandla. Nazi imishini yezithelo nemifino obhekene nokucindezela nokukhipha ijusi:

- Izithako

- Imishini yokugwedla

- Imishini umfutholuketshezi

– Basket press

- Ama-Pulpers

Ukufaka amathini kuvamise ukuba phakathi kwezigaba zokugcina zenqubo yokukhiqiza. Baningi imishini yezithelo nemifino yokufaka amathini isetshenziswe phakathi nale nqubo:

– Can abaguquli

- Ama-seamers aphindwe kabili

- Amaketela afakwe nge-steam

– Vacuum/izikali zokucindezela

– Amathangi okuxebula i-Lye

– Amathangi okuvala inzalo

– Iyaphendula

– Flangers

- Imishini yokufaka amakhodi

- Abahloli bamathini angenalutho

- Amabhokisi / imigudu yokukhipha umoya

Amathini adinga ukuvalwa ngemva kokuba esegcwalisiwe. Ukuvala akunakwenziwa mathupha. Nazi imishini yokuvala amathini namabhodlela izithelo nemifino egayiwe:

– Isikhwama imishini yokuvala uphawu

- Imishini yokufaka ama-Crown corking

- Imishini yokufaka uphawu

- Ungakwazi ukusika imishini

Ngaphandle kwemishini esezingeni eliphezulu, amathuluzi alula afana namajegi, amabhodlela, izikulufu, okhokho, imimese yokusika, amatafula namabhabhu nakho kuzodingeka ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

Ukucatshangelwa kwemishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino

Ukukhetha umshini ofanele wokukhiqiza ukudla kuyibhizinisi elibucayi labakhiqizi bokudla. Ikhwalithi yemishini idlala indima enkulu esilinganisweni sezinga lokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle. Kuphinde kube nomthelela kwikhwalithi yemikhiqizo. 

Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ngokufanelekile zonke izici ezibalulekile futhi uhlaziye izici ezidingeka kakhulu ukuze wenze isinqumo esifanele. Nawu umhlahlandlela wabakhiqizi bokudla abafuna ukukhetha imishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino kanye nokonga:

isabelomali

Isabelomali yisona sici esiyinhloko sokuthenga. Ingase inqume ikhwalithi yomshini ozothengwa. Nokho, kungaba ngcono uma kuthengwa imishini esezingeni eliphezulu. 

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi, uma izimali zamanje zingakuvumeli lokhu, ukuthola imishini eyongayo ngentengo ephansi kungaba enye indlela engcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlala kunendawo yokuthuthukisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakuba ukuthenga ngesikhathi esisodwa kuhlala kuwumbono ongcono kakhulu.

Uhlobo lwesithelo/imifino ecutshungulwayo

Ngaphambi kokuthenga imishini yokucubungula izithelo nemifino kanye nokugcinwa kwayo, kunconywa ukuthi izithelo nemifino ekhiqizwayo kucatshangelwe. Ngakho-ke, abanikazi bamabhizinisi abasha abalungisa ukudla kufanele bahlole isizinda semishini ebalulekile esetshenziselwa ukucubungula imikhiqizo eyisisekelo kanye nemishini enconyiwe yokuqala. 

Khona-ke, ngemva kokuhlaziya izinqubo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizeni nasekucubunguleni izithelo ezithile, abanikazi bamabhizinisi bangathenga amathuluzi adingeka kakhulu.

Izici eziyinhloko zomshini

Yonke imishini ehlukene yokucubungula izithelo nemifino kanye nokulondolozwa inezici ezibalulekile okulindeleke ukuba ibe nazo. Abanikazi bamabhizinisi kumele bahlole ngokucophelela imishini ethengiwe futhi baqinisekise ukuthi isezingeni eliphezulu futhi inazo zonke izimfanelo ezidingekayo. 

Ukuthola imishini yekhwalithi konga abanikazi bamabhizinisi izinkinga eziningi ngokuzayo. Ukubuyekezwa kwekhasimende emishinini kungasebenza njengomhlahlandlela wokuhlola lapho uthenga le mishini.

Yiziphi lezi zimfanelo ezidingekayo?

– Ukuphila isikhathi eside: Eminye imishini ihlala isikhathi eside kuneminye. Njengoba kulindelekile, imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekhuphuka eshadini lentengo inokuqina okude. Kodwa-ke, imishini eyonga imali ingaba ngcono uma isabelomali sigcina ukuthenga. 

Noma kunjalo, ukubuyekezwa kwamakhasimende kunganikeza ukuqonda kokuthi le mishini ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukwenza amaphutha. Ngokuvamile, abakhiqizi bangafaka lolu lwazi kumanuwali ngaphansi kwesigaba sewaranti.

- Idizayini ehlanzekile: Zonke imishini yokucubungula ukudla kulindeleke ukuthi ihlangabezane nezinga elijwayelekile lenhlanzeko. Ngakho-ke, kungaba ngcono ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukwakheka komshini ngaphambi kokuthenga ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi yakhiwe kahle ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokungcoliswa kokudla ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza.

- Usayizi / isakhiwo esifanelekile: Imishini yokucubungula izithelo/imifino iza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene. Imishini emikhulu inokucubungula okuphezulu namandla okuthwala. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuthenga, indawo lapho le mishini izobekwa khona kufanele ihlaziywe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ilingana kahle.

- Ukusetshenziswa / ukulungiswa okulula: Ukuthenga imishini eyinkimbinkimbi edinga ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lokusebenza akuwona umqondo ongcono kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni. Kunemishini esebenziseka kalula enganciphisa ngempumelelo izinga labasebenzi futhi isetshenziswe futhi inakekelwe yinoma yimuphi umsebenzi. 

Ngakho-ke, asikho isidingo sokukhetha imishini eyinkimbinkimbi engasetshenziswa abantu abathile kuphela. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kuzomiswa uma laba bantu bengekho ngokungenakugwenywa.

– Ijubane lokucubungula: Ijubane lomshini lithonya ikhono lawo lokuxuba nokulingisa. Isivinini sokucubungula singaba phakathi kuka-300-1700 rpm. Kukhona abaqaphi bejubane eliphezulu, kodwa kuvame ukuba nzima ukusebenzisa imishini esebenza ngesivinini esikhulu.

Amaprosesa asetshenziselwa ukulungiselela ukudla ngokuvamile anejubane eliphansi; lokhu kuvumela ukusikeka okuhlanzekile nokulungiselela ngokucophelela. Amanye amamodeli emishini yokucubungula aneswishi yokuvula/yokucima enesivinini esisodwa nje ayabiza kancane. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokucubungula ukudla enezinketho zejubane eziguquguqukayo iyindlela engcono kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Ukuthenga imishini yokucubungula izithelo/imifino kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela. Kunezici ezimbalwa okufanele zihlolwe, futhi umphumela walokhu kuhlola unquma impumelelo yokuthenga kwakho kokugcina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ukucubungula izithelo nemifino kwenzeka ngezigaba, abanikazi bamabhizinisi kufanele bacabangele ukutshala imali ekuxazululeni lezi zidingo ezithile.

Imishini yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu iwutshalomali olungcono kakhulu kukho konke ukuqalisa; nokho, imishini eyisisekelo ingakwazi ukubhekana ngempumelelo nezidingo zamanje, futhi ngenhlanhla, le mishini ayibizi kangako. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngemishini yokucubungula izithelo/imifino, bheka i-Chovm's ingxenye yeprosesa yezithelo/yemifino.