Ungamkhetha Kanjani Umkhiqizi Othembekile Wokupakisha

Abanikazi bamabhizinisi abanolwazi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kubalulekile futhi ngokuvamile kubangela amakhasimende aphindayo. Ngokuvamile bayazi ukuthi ulwazi lwekhasimende luqala ngaphambi kokuba ikhasimende libone amazwibela omkhiqizo ngaphakathi kwesitsha.

Ngalesi sizathu, ukukhetha umenzi wephakheji ongcono kakhulu kungase kube umehluko phakathi kokuthola abathengi besikhathi esisodwa kanye nabaningi abaphindayo. Ukuze ibhizinisi lakho likhule futhi linikeze isevisi yamakhasimende engcono, lokhu okuthunyelwe kuzodlula indlela yokukhetha umkhiqizi wokupakisha othembekile.

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yokupakisha yomhlaba
Ukukhetha umenzi wokupakisha onokwethenjelwa
Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa uthuthukisa ukuthengisa

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yokupakisha yomhlaba

Ukuthuthuka kwamadolobha ngokushesha kwamazwe emhlabeni wonke kukhuthaza ukukhula kwemakethe yokupakisha yomhlaba. Isici esisodwa esiyingqayizivele sokufudukela emadolobheni ukushintsha kwendlela yokuphila, okukhuthaza ukupakishwa okuningi kwemikhiqizo.

Isibonelo, imboni yokudla okusheshayo iyachuma emadolobheni ngenxa yokupakishwa kokudla okugayiwe. Futhi, kukhona ukupakishwa kwezinto zikagesi, izimonyo, imithi, izinto zasendlini, njll.

Ukubuka konke komkhakha wokupakisha womhlaba kubeka imakethe enanini elikhuphukayo lama-USD 170.6 billion phakathi kuka-2021 no-2025. Inani lilinganiselwa ukuthi likhule ku-CAGR ka-4%.

Ukufakwa kokudla kuthatha ingxenye enkulu yemboni, futhi kusukela ngo-2020, bekufanelekile I-USD 323.8 billion. Kwabikezelwa ukuthi kuzokhula kusuka ku-USD 328.3 billion ngo-2021 kuya ku-USD 478.1 billion ngo-2028 ku-CAGR ka-5%. Imakethe iqhutshwa ukushintsha kwemikhuba yokudla kanye nezinguquko zokuphila.

Ukukhetha umenzi wokupakisha onokwethenjelwa

Ukupakisha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthandeni umbono womthengi. Eminye imikhiqizo igcina isisezinqoleni zokuthenga ngenxa yokupakishwa kwayo. Ngakho-ke, njengenkampani, kubalulekile ukuthola umkhiqizi othembekile wokupakisha. Okulandelayo amanye amaphuzu okufanele acatshangelwe.

Sebenzisa inzuzo ye-logistics

Njengamanje, iChina ingumholi womhlaba ezinkampanini eziningi zokupakisha. Izinkampani eziningi ezaziwayo zinezinye, uma kungezona zonke, zokupakishwa kwazo ezenziwe e-China noma zithumele izinto zokupakisha zisuka ezweni.

Imboni yezindiza zaseShayina ikhule ngokwedlulele nemingcele, namanethiwekhi emhlabeni wonke enza kube lula ukuletha izinto zokupakisha kumakhasimende. Ngokunjalo, ngenxa yemakethe enkulu yaseShayina, izindiza eziningi zindizela emadolobheni ezimboni aseShayina, okwenza impahla yomoya ibe yindlela esheshayo lokuthumela.

Ngokwesibonelo, umthwalo wezindiza ukuya e-US kungathatha izinsuku ezingu-1-3 uma kucacile, izinsuku ezingu-8-10 zokuthutha umoya okuvamile, kanye nezinsuku ezingu-30-40 ukuthuthwa kwempahla olwandle. Uma kucatshangelwa ibanga ukusuka e-China ukuya e-US, izinketho ezingenhla zinikeza isikhathi esifanelekile sokushintsha ukuze inkampani ithole izinto zokupakisha.

Linganisa amakhono abo okupakisha ngokwezifiso

Ukupakishwa okuhlukile kuhlala kunikeza noma yimuphi umkhiqizo umkhawulo phezu kokuncintisana kwawo. Izinkampani zihlala zilandela amaphakheji alingana futhi athuthukisa uhlobo lwazo. Uma kungenzeka, izinkampani eziningi zifuna ukupakishwa okuyingqayizivele okuklanyelwe ukunambitheka kwazo. Futhi inkampani yokupakisha akufanele isebenzise okufanayo kwamanye amakhasimende abo.

Isibonelo, ubucwebe budinga ukuba ihlanganiswe ngokuhlukile njengesandiso sobuhle nobuhle bayo. Ngaphambi kokuthola umphakeli ofanelekayo, inkampani kufanele ihlole ngokucophelela iphothifoliyo yomkhiqizi kanye nemikhiqizo yabo emakethe ukuze ithole ukuthi iyawufinyelela yini umkhawulo.

Qonda ubunjiniyela besakhiwo nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi

Ngokuvamile abakhiqizi kufanele babe nezakhiwo ezifanele ukubhekana nezidingo zemakethe zenani nekhwalithi abasebenzisa. i-quaizinhlelo zokuphatha izindlu (QMS).

Inkampani idinga ukuba namandla okuqinisekisa ukuthi imikhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo eziqinile zekhasimende njengokuma, ikhwalithi yezinto ezibonakalayo, umbala, ukulebula, njll.

Isibonelo, ukukhiqiza izinto zokupakisha akufanele zidlule ekulawuleni ikhwalithi ekupheleni kokukhiqiza kuphela. Kuyancomeka ukusebenzisa ukulawula ikhwalithi kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhiqiza, ezihlanganisa;

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungenayo: Izohlola izinto ezingenayo, isingathe izinkinga ezikhonjiwe, futhi inikeze impendulo ngezinkinga zekhwalithi

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okungaphakathi kwenqubo: Izoqinisekisa ukubekwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, indlela yokuhlola, ukuhlola imishini namathuluzi, inqubo yokuphatha abasebenzi, njll.

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi kokugcina nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi okuphumayo: Kuzobandakanya ukuhlolwa komsebenzi, ukubukeka komkhiqizo, ukuhlolwa kokupakisha, njll.

Bheka ulwazi kanye nedumela phakathi kwabasebenzi abasekelayo

Ulwazi lwabasebenzi lwanoma iyiphi inkampani ekhiqizayo ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isithunzi senkampani.

Ukukhipha amaphakheji asezingeni lomhlaba kusukela ekutholeni ulwazi olulungile ekhasimendeni, ukuqhamuka nemiklamo ethwebula umcabango wekhasimende, nokuyihambisa ekukhiqizeni.

Futhi, onjiniyela, abaphathi bomugqa womkhiqizo, kanye nabasebenzi bomugqa wokuhlanganisa badinga ulwazi olwanele ukuze baqinisekise imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, kungaba kuhle ukuthi inkampani iqinisekise ukuthi abakhiqizi bokupakisha banabasebenzi abanolwazi ukuze bakhiqize ikhwalithi.

Cela izitifiketi zomkhiqizo

Isitifiketi somkhiqizo siwubufakazi bokuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezane neziqondiso eziqinile zokusebenza nokuhlolwa kokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi. Lokho kufaka phakathi izinkontileka, imininingwane, noma imithethonqubo (izikimu zesitifiketi).

Isitifiketi sinikeza abasebenzisi bokugcina ukuzethemba njengoba imikhiqizo isivunyelwe emhlabeni jikelele. Kusho futhi ukuthi sebephumelele izinga kanye namazinga okuphepha.

Okwamanje, zikhona izitifiketi ezine kuncike ekutheni inkampani ihlala kuyiphi ingxenye yomhlaba. Izitifiketi zihlukile e-US, Latin America, Europe, Asia and Australia, and Africa with the Middle East. Sekushiwo lokho, izitifiketi ezine zimi kanje;

I-Europe - CE Marking: Umkhiqizo kulindeleke ukuthi uhlangabezane neziqondiso ze-EU zezimfuneko zabo eziyisisekelo zokuphepha, ezempilo, nezemvelo. Ukumakwa kwe-CE kuyisidingo esisemthethweni esivumela ukuhweba kwamahhala kwemikhiqizo e-EU/EEA.

I-US - Isimemezelo Se-FCC Sokuvumelana: Kuwuphawu lwesimemezelo lwezinto zikagesi ezikhiqizwa noma ezithengiswa e-US Ezinye zihlanganisa amathuluzi e-IT kanye nemishini yezokwelapha noma yezimboni ekhipha imisebe ye-RF.

I-US, i-Europe, i-Australia, nezingxenye ze-Asia - I-IECEE CB Scheme: I-CB Scheme ye-International Electrotechnical Commission for Electrical Equipment iwuhlelo lomhlaba wonke lwemibiko yokuhlolwa kokuphepha komkhiqizo nezitifiketi ezinokwamukelana ngokufanayo.

I-US - FDA: I-Food and Drug Administration yibhizinisi laseMelika elinesibopho sokuphepha kwezinto ezifana nokudla, izimonyo, izisetshenziswa zezokwelapha, udokotela wezilwane kanye nemikhiqizo kagwayi.

Ngokufanayo, inkampani yokupakisha kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo zesitifiketi ukuze imikhiqizo yekhasimende inakwe emakethe yasekhaya noma yomhlaba.

Ukufaneleka kwemboni yevalu

Ngokusho the Iqembu le-Berkeley Sourcing, iziqu zasembonini ziyizinqubo ezidinga ukuhlangabezana nemibandela ethile. Basebenzisa ukukhiqiza, ukwenza amathuluzi, ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi, kanye nenqubo ye-prototyping njengezinti ukuze bafanelekele izinkampani zokukhiqiza ezithembekile.

Ekukhiqizeni, iziqu zefekthri ziqinisekisa imithombo yefekthri efanelekile Ama-Raw material kanye nokugcina amazinga aphezulu ekukhiqizeni.

Ekusebenziseni amathuluzi, baqinisekisa ukuthi imboni ihlome kahle ngamathuluzi afanele okukhiqiza imikhiqizo esezingeni.

I-prototype ihlukile kunesampula yokuqala. I-prototype umkhiqizo osetshenziselwa ukuhlola imakethe ukuze kutholwe ukuthi iyahlangabezana yini namazinga futhi ikhomba ukuthi yini edinga ukuthuthukiswa.

Ekulawulweni kwekhwalithi, iziqu zefekthri ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimboni ezikhethiwe zigcina futhi zithuthukisa ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ukuze zihlangabezane nokulindelwe ngamakhasimende.

Khetha uchungechunge lokunikezela oluzinzile

Uchungechunge lokuhlinzeka oluzinzile lubalulekile kumkhiqizi wokupakisha ukugwema ukubambezeleka kokulethwa, okungaholela ekulahlekelweni kwekhasimende. Isibonelo, uma ukupakishwa kwezimonyo kungalethwa ngesikhathi, umkhiqizo awukwazi ukuthunyelwa emakethe.

Uma inkampani isebenza ngemigqa yesikhathi ephathelene nokuthengisa, ukubambezeleka kwemali engenayo kuzodala umphumela ombi ezibophweni zokuphatha zenkampani. Eminye yemisebenzi ingabanjezelwa amaholo noma ama-oda akhanselwe.

Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa uthuthukisa ukuthengisa

Abakhiqizi bokupakisha abathembekile badlala indima ebalulekile ekuthengisweni kwemikhiqizo. Amaphakheji ahlukile, ukukhiqizwa okusheshayo, nokunamathela kwikhwalithi ephezulu konke kuholela ekuthengisweni okungaguquki kwemikhiqizo yekhasimende.

Lokho kusho ukuthi ngeke kube khona ukubambezeleka, amakhasimende azohlala ethola inani lemali, futhi uhlobo lwekhasimende luzokhula, bathole imali eyengeziwe.