Amandla avuselelekayo alapha ukuze ahlale. Ngaphansi kosongo oluzayo lokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ngokushesha, abezemvelo, osopolitiki, nabaholi bamabhizinisi emhlabeni wonke baxoxa ngokusimama kwesikhathi eside, nemakethe yamandla avuselelekayo emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule icishe ifinyelele. US $2,000 billion ngo-2030.
I-US iyodwa izoba njalo 100% amandla kagesi ahlanzekile ngo-2035. Lokhu kugqugquzelwa ukufinyeleleka okukhulu kumandla avuselelekayo, inani eliphezulu lezinhlelo zamabhizinisi, kanye nemiphakathi ehlala abantu eyenza ushintsho emikhiqizweni efana nale. amaphaneli elanga.
Njenganoma yikuphi ukutshalwa kwezimali kwesikhathi eside, ukuqonda kahle izinketho ezitholakalayo kungasiza ekwenzeni ukukhetha okufanele.
Funda ukuze uqonde kabanzi mayelana namaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-N kanye nohlobo lwe-P, ukuze wenze isinqumo esinolwazi mayelana nokutshala imali esikhathini esizayo.
Okuqukethwe
Ayini amaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-N kanye nohlobo lwe-P?
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo lwe-N kanye namaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-P
Ukwenza ukukhetha okulungile kokuthenga
Isiphetho
Ayini amaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-N kanye nohlobo lwe-P?
Indawo enhle yokuqala ukuqonda ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo ngemuva kwe-crystalline (c-Si) amaseli elanga, kanye nomehluko phakathi kohlobo lwe-N nohlobo lwe-P. A (c-Si) iseli elanga ngokuyinhloko yenziwe nge-crystalline wafer ye-silicon ehlanganiswe namakhemikhali ahlukene njenge-boron ne-phosphorus ukushaja iseli nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla.
Kuseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-P, i-crystalline wafer ye-silicon ifakwa nama-athomu e-boron esisekelweni kanye nama-athomu e-phosphorus phezulu ukuze kwakhe ukuhlangana kwe-pn (positive-negative) eneshaji ephelele.
Okuphambene kuyiqiniso ngeseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-N, lapho i-crystalline wafer ye-silicon ifakwe ama-athomu e-phosphorus esisekelweni nama-athomu e-boron phezulu ukuze kwakhe ukuhlangana kwe-pn ngeshaji elibi lilonke. Ngamagama alula, uhlobo lwe-P luyi-solar cell ene-positive kanti uhlobo lwe-N luyi-solar cell ene-negative.
Iseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-N yaqala ukusungulwa ngawo-1950, kodwa kwakuyiseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-P eyathola ukunakwa okwengeziwe kwezohwebo eminyakeni eyalandela. Lokhu kwakungenxa yokwanda kokugxila ekuhloleni indawo phakathi naleso sikhathi, okuwuhlobo lwe-P amaphaneli elanga kwatholakala ukuthi ikufanelekela kahle imikhumbi-mkhathi yamandla.
Ukutholakala okulungile kolwazi lobuchwepheshe kuseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-P kwenze kwaba lula ukukhiqiza ngokomnotho nokusabalalisa lo mkhiqizo ngezinga elikhulu, ukuze usetshenziswe emhlabeni.
Ubuhle nobubi bohlobo lwe-N kanye namaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-P
Izinhlobo ezimbili zemikhiqizo ziqhathaniswa kanjani? Ngaphambi kokungena ezinhlelweni nasebubini bazo, kungasiza ukuqonda izincazelo zamagama amabili abalulekile: i-boron-oxygen defect kanye ne-light-induced degradation (LID).
Ukukhubazeka kwe-boron-oksijeni kubhekisela enkingeni etholakala kumaseli elanga ohlobo lwe-P lapho, ngokungafani nasemkhathini ongenawo umoya-mpilo, umoya-mpilo osemhlabeni uhlangana ne-boron yohlobo lwamaseli elanga ohlobo lwe-P (ogcwele i-boron), okwenza kube nesici. Njengomphumela walokhu kuphazamiseka, le mikhiqizo ithola i-degradation (LID) lapho ukusebenza kwayo kungehliswa kufika ku-10%.
- Izinzuzo zamaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-P: Njengoba kuchaziwe ekuqaleni, lezi zinhlobo zemikhiqizo zishibhile ukwenziwa ngenxa yokutholakala okubanzi kolwazi lobuchwepheshe oluhlobene nazo. Lokhu, nakho, kwenza imikhiqizo yonge kakhulu kubasebenzisi bokugcina.
- Izingozi zamaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-P: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa ye-LID ebangelwa ukukhubazeka kwe-boron-oksijeni kumaseli elanga ohlobo lwe-P, ukusebenza kahle kwawo kuyaphazamiseka futhi ngokuvamile akutholakali ukuthi kudlule ama-23.6%. Ngenxa yalokho, abakhiqizi bomkhiqizo banikeza iziqinisekiso zomkhiqizo ezimfushane (kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-12 kuphela).
- Izinzuzo zamaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-N: Ngenxa ye-phosphorus doping kumaseli elanga ohlobo lwe-N, asikho isibonelo sokukhubazeka kwe-boron-oxygen kanye ne-LID ewumphumela. Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zinhlobo zamaphaneli zinikeza ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu okungaba ngu-25.7%. Lokhu kuvumela abakhiqizi bomkhiqizo ukuthi banikeze amawaranti aphezulu (kuze kufike eminyakeni eyi-15-20).
- Ububi bohlobo lwe-N-solar panel: Njengoba ukwanda kwentshisekelo kulobu buchwepheshe kube yinto yakamuva, lezi zinhlobo zamaphaneli zibiza kakhulu ukuzenza, okuwenza abe ukutholwa okumba eqolo kumakhasimende.
Ukwenza ukukhetha okulungile kokuthenga
Ngokusho kwe-Precedence Research, i- Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamaseli elanga kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ifinyelele ngaphezu kwama-US $369 billion ngo-2030. Kusukela ngo-2021, inhlangano yocwaningo ikhombisa isabelo semakethe esihlakaniphe ngokwesifunda njengama-48% e-Asia-Pacific, ama-28% ase-Europe, ama-17% eNyakatho Melika, ama-4% eLatin America, kanye nama-3% e-MEA.
Ngaphandle kokwehluka kwesabelo semakethe, imvelo yomhlaba wonke yesidingo se amaphaneli elanga kuyabonakala. Kulabo abasesocingweni, manje yisikhathi esifanele sokuqala ukushintshela kulo mkhiqizo.
Uyenza kanjani inketho yokuthenga phakathi kwephaneli yeseli yelanga yohlobo lwe-P kanye nohlobo lwe-N? Indlela esobala kungaba ukusebenzisa ibhajethi yomuntu njengomhlahlandlela. Uhlobo lwe-P amaphaneli elanga zisabusa emakethe futhi okwamanje zonga kakhulu kunohlobo lwe-N.
Kodwa-ke, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nempilo ende yamaphaneli elanga ohlobo lwe-N, kanye nokugxila okwenyuka kwemboni ekuthuthukiseni lobu buchwepheshe, nakho kubalulekile ukucatshangelwa.
Ngokusho kwe-International Technology Roadmap ye-Photovoltaic yi-VDMA, isabelo semakethe samaseli elanga we-n kulindeleke ukuthi senyuke sisuka. 20% ngo-2022 kuya ku-70% ngo-2032. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlobo lwe-N selulungele ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza, kanye nezindleko eziphansi zangaphambili esikhathini esizayo esingekude kangako.
Isiphetho
Ukuthi utshala imali amaphaneli elanga noma imikhiqizo efana amabhethri elanga, kuyasiza ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo lomkhiqizo nolwazi mayelana nezimakethe ezikhulayo, kanye nokucaca mayelana nezimfuneko zomuntu njengoba ziqondisa umthengi ukuthi enze izinqumo ezilinganiselwe nezinolwazi.
Ngenkathi kukhethwa iphaneli yamaseli elanga, ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa kwesabelomali, ubude bokuphila bomkhiqizo nesidingo esikhathini esizayo nakho kuyizici ezibalulekile zokukala ukutshalwa kwezimali okude okufana namaphaneli elanga. Futhi ikusasa libonakala lingele-N-uhlobo lwamaphaneli elanga.
Ingabe uthole lesi sihloko siwusizo? Thola ingcebo yolwazi mayelana namandla avuselelekayo kanye nezibuyekezo zakamuva kwezinye izimboni I-Chovm.com Iyafunda.
