Ungalikhetha Kanjani Ikhadi Lezithombe Elilungile Labadlali Bamageyimu Be-PC

The ihluzo khadi imakethe ibe nokukhula okuphawulekayo emikhakheni eminingana eminyakeni yamuva. Isibonelo, ukukhuphuka kwesidingo ezimbonini ezifana nezokudlala - ikakhulukazi ngokuthandwa okukhulayo kwemidlalo ye-esports nemidlalo yevidiyo - izimayini ze-crypto, kanye neqiniso elibonakalayo konke kube nomthelela omkhulu. Ukwamukelwa komkhakha wezimboni kwe amayunithi okucubungula ihluzo (GPUs) iphinde yasheshisa isidingo samakhadi ezithombe asebenza kahle kakhulu. 

Ama-GPU asetshenziselwa ukusheshisa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi ekufundeni komshini, ubuhlakani bokwenziwa, nokushayela ukuzimela. Lokhu kukhula kwezimboni zobuchwepheshe kudale amathuba ebhizinisi kubathengisi bezingxenye zamakhompyutha.  

Okuqukethwe
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yekhadi lezithombe
Izinhlobo zamakhadi ezithombe
Amathiphu okukhetha amakhadi ezithombe angcono kakhulu wabadlali be-PC
Isiphetho

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe yekhadi lezithombe

Isidingo samakhadi ezithombe sikhule kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva ngenxa yokwamukelwa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe obuthuthukile ezimbonini eziningi emhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, amakhadi ezithombe asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nemidlalo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, ezezimoto, ne-aerospace, phakathi kwezinye eziningi. Ngenxa yalokho, lolu hlelo lokusebenza olubanzi luholele ekukhuleni okuphawulekayo kwemakethe. Lokhu kufakazelwa esilinganisweni semakethe samakhadi wezithombe sango-2022, obekulinganiselwa ukuthi sinjalo US $ 44.49 billion futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR ka-33.4% phakathi kuka-2023-2030, ifinyelele ku-US $ 446.17 billion.

Izinto ezahlukahlukene ezinomthelela kulokhu kukhula kwemakethe zifaka:

• Ukukhula kwemboni yemidlalo
• Ukwenyuka okukhulu komsebenzi wezimayini ze-crypto emhlabeni jikelele
• Imakethe ekhulayo yabathandi bemidlalo ye-PC
• Izicelo kubuhlakani bokwenziwa nokufunda komshini
• Uguquko oluqhubekayo oluya emisebenzini ekude kanye nokusebenzisana okubonakalayo, okudala isidingo sengqalasizinda ehlobene 

Izinhlobo zamakhadi ezithombe

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zamakhadi ezithombe: azinikele, ahlanganisiwe, nangaphandle.

Amakhadi ezithombe ezinikezelwe

Amakhadi ezithombe ezinikezelwe izingxenye zehadiwe ezihlukene ezinememori yazo ezinikele (i-VRAM), amandla okucubungula, nezinhlelo zokupholisa. Zenzelwe imisebenzi edinga imidwebo ejulile, efana nokudlala, ukuhlela ividiyo, nokunikezwa kwe-3D.

Amakhadi ezithombe ezinikezelwe akhona ezinhlotsheni ezincane ezahlukahlukene:

1) I-Add-in-board (AIB) GPUs

I-Add-in-board (AIB) GPUs amakhadi ezithombe ezinikezelwe akhiqizwa abakhiqizi bezinkampani zangaphandle, futhi ahlukile kumkhiqizi we-GPU (NVIDIA noma AMD). Lawa makhadi avame ukufaka izixazululo zokupholisa ngokwezifiso, ukulethwa kwamandla okuthuthukisiwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ama-overclock asefekthri enzelwe ukunikeza ukusebenza okuthuthukisiwe nobuhle uma kuqhathaniswa namamodeli ereferensi.

2) Ama-GPU emodeli yesithenjwa

Amamodeli ayizethenjwa ama-GPU (noma ama-additions abasunguli) aklanywe futhi akhiqizwa abakhiqizi be-GPU (njenge-NVIDIA noma i-AMD). Zinamathela eduze ekwakhiweni kwasekuqaleni kanye nokucaciswa kwe-GPU, okuvamise ukuba nezipholile zesitayela se-blower zokugeleza komoya okuphuma exhaust futhi zinikeze isisekelo sabakhiqizi bezinkampani zangaphandle abangakhela phezu kwabo.

3) Ama-GPU avulekile

Ama-GPU omoya ovulekile afakwe izixazululo zokupholisa ezisebenzisa amafeni amakhulu noma amaningi ukuqeda ukushisa. Lawa mafeni aphusha umoya ngqo ku-heatsink ngepuleti elibandayo namapayipi okushisa, okuvumela ukupholisa okuphumelelayo. Zivame kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe bokudala nabadlali bamageyimu njengoba belinganisela izindleko nokusebenza, amazinga omsindo, namazinga okushisa.

4) I-Blower GPUs 

I-Blower GPUs inesixazululo sokupholisa esinefeni eyodwa kanye nesembatho esiqondisa ukugeleza komoya ukuze kuqede umoya oshisayo ngaphandle kwekesi. Basebenzisa amagumbi omhwamuko ukudlulisa ukushisa esikhundleni samapayipi okushisa. Lawa makhadi alungele ukuhlanganisa Amacala ngokugeleza komoya okulinganiselwe, njengoba zisiza ukuvimbela umoya oshisayo ukuthi ungaphinde ujikeleze ngaphakathi kwekesi.

5) Ama-GPU apholile ngamanzi

Ama-GPU apholile ngamanzi asebenzisa amasistimu okupholisa uketshezi ahlanganisa ibhulokhi yamanzi enamathiselwe ku-GPU kanye nerediyetha enabalandeli ukuze asuse ukushisa. Lawa masistimu anikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokupholisa futhi athule kunezinhlelo zokupholisa umoya, okuwenza afanelekele imidlalo esebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nemisebenzi enzima yokubala.

Amakhadi ezithombe ahlanganisiwe

Amakhadi ezithombe ahlanganisiwe akhiwe ngokuqondile ebhodini lomama lekhompuyutha, abelana ngezinsiza zayo zesistimu, njenge-RAM namandla e-CPU. Banikeza isixazululo esiyisisekelo sezithombe ngaphandle kwesidingo sekhadi elihlukile elizinikele njengoba i-CPU ne-GPU zisebenzisa isistimu yememori eyabiwe.

Ama-GPU ahlanganisiwe asebenzisa amandla amancane, asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi adala ukushisa okuncane. Ukwengeza, lawa makhadi ayingcaca aminyene kakhulu, angena edizayini eya ngokuya ibe mincane futhi ingasindi yamalaptop namanye amadivaysi ekhompyutha ahlangene. 

Kodwa-ke, ama-GPU ahlanganisiwe awanawo amandla amancane kunamakhadi ezithombe azinikezele. Ngakho-ke, afaneleka kakhulu emisebenzini engadingi kakhulu njengokuphequlula iwebhu, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasehhovisi, kanye nokudlalwa kwemultimedia. Lokhu kusebenza okulinganiselwe nokuntuleka kwamandla okucubungula kubenza bangafaneleki imisebenzi esindayo efana nemidlalo yesimanje, ukuhlela ividiyo, noma ukunikezwa kwe-3D.

Amakhadi ezithombe zangaphandle (eGPUs)

Ama-eGPU amayunithi okucubungula ihluzo agcinwe ezindaweni ezivalekile zangaphandle futhi axhunywe kukhompuyutha ephathekayo noma yedeskithophu ngezixhumi ezibonakalayo ezinesivinini esikhulu njenge-Thunderbolt noma i-USB-C. Banikeza indlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezithombe zesistimu ngamakhono alinganiselwe ahlanganisiwe noma azinikele ezithombe.

Amathiphu okukhetha amakhadi ezithombe angcono kakhulu wabadlali be-PC

Abadlali be-PC banezinto abazithandayo nezimfuneko ezithinta izinqumo zabo zokuthenga lapho bekhetha amakhadi ehluzo. Isibonelo, abanye babeka phambili ukusebenza kwegeyimu eluhlaza, kuyilapho abanye befuna amanani aphezulu ozimele noma ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okuncishisiwe. 

Ngezansi, sizobheka ukucatshangelwa okuhlukahlukene okufanele amabhizinisi abe nakho uma amakhadi ezithombe aya kubadlali be-PC.

Ukuhambisana kwesistimu

Ukuhambisana kuyinto ecatshangwayo enkulu njengoba amakhadi ezithombe kufanele ahambisane nehadiwe ye-PC yomsebenzisi. Ezinye izici abadlali bazozibheka zifaka phakathi usayizi, amandla okunikezwa kwamandla, kanye nezikhala ze-PCIe ezidingekayo. Amakhadi ezithombe eza ngosayizi abahlukahlukene futhi anezidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla ezihlukene ukuze asebenze kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakhadi ezithombe angase adinge izikhala eziningi noma ukulungiselelwa okuthile. Abadlali bamageyimu baqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwe-PCle slots ukuze baqinisekise inqubo yokufaka eshelelayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kwekhadi. 

Izidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla

Amakhadi ezithombe anamandla, njengamakhadi ezithombe azinikele, adinga amandla amaningi kunamakhadi anamandla amancane. Kulesi simo, ukunikezwa kwamandla okufakiwe kufanele kunikeze amandla anele ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo noma ukungazinzi kwesistimu. Enye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu zokunquma izidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla ekhadi lezithombe ukuhlola izincomo zomkhiqizi.

Khombisa isixazululo

Ukulungiswa kwesibonisi kuthinta ngokuqondile ukusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yokubonwayo yokudlala amageyimu noma ukuzizwisa ikhompuyutha. Isibonelo, izinqumo eziphezulu zokuqapha zidinga ama-GPU anamandla nokuningi inkumbulo yevidiyo (VRAM) ukugcina idatha yesithombe eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, abadlali bamageyimu bavamise ukubeka phambili amakhadi ezithombe amandla awo afana nesinqumo semonitha yesibonisi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amanye amakhadi wezithombe angaba nemikhawulo ephezulu yokuxazulula.

Izinhlobo zemidlalo

Imidlalo ehlukene inamazinga ahlukahlukene ezimfuno zegraphic kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Uma ukhetha ikhadi lezithombe, ukucabangela izinhlobo zamageyimu umsebenzisi wokugcina ajwayele ukuwadlala kubalulekile ngoba lisiza ukucacisa izinga elifanele lokusebenza elidingekayo ukuze kuzuzwe umuzwa wegeyimu owanelisayo. Isibonelo, imidlalo edinga i-GPU efana ne-PUBG, i-Battlefield 5, kanye ne-Project Cars 2 idinga amakhadi ezithombe aqinile ngenxa yesidingo sayo esikhulayo senkumbulo namandla.

Izixazululo zokupholisa namazinga omsindo

Iningi labadlali bamageyimu lizofuna ukuqonda izixazululo zokupholisa zekhadi lezithombe namazinga omsindo ngaphambi kokuthenga. Isibonelo, abadlali bamageyimu ababeka phambili ukusebenza okuthulile bangase bancike emakhadini ezithombe anamadizayini angokwezifiso okupholisa anciphisa umsindo wabalandeli. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo abanamacala abanzi kanye nokugeleza komoya okuhle bangase bakhethe amasistimu okupholisa umoya avulekile, aqeda ukushisa ngempumelelo ngokusebenzisa abalandeli abaningi.

Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi amakhadi emifanekiso anamandla akhiqiza ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi avame ukuba nemiklamo eyinkimbinkimbi ye-thermal. Futhi, amakhadi ezithombe ancike kubalandeli angaba nomsindo ngokuvamile, ikakhulukazi uma izithombe zinqwabelene, okungase kuthinte umuzwa wegeyimu.

Isiphetho

Imakethe yamakhadi ezithombe ikhula ngokushesha njengoba izimboni eziningi zisebenzisa amasistimu ekhompyutha athuthukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuduma kwemidlalo yevidiyo nemidlalo yezemidlalo, isidingo samakhadi wezithombe/ama-GPU sinyuke kakhulu. Lokhu kudale amathuba amaningi kumabhizinisi aqonde kule makethe. Kodwa-ke, ukusebenzisa lawa mathuba kudinga abathengisi ukuthi baqonde izici ezihlukahlukene abadlali be-PC abazibhekayo lapho bethenga amakhadi ezithombe, okuhlanganisa izinhlobo zemidlalo abayidlalayo, izidingo zokunikezwa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kwesibonisi, ukuhambisana kwesistimu, amasistimu okupholisa, namazinga omsindo. Ngakho-ke, ingakhokhela amabhizinisi ukuthi anikeze izinketho zamakhadi ehluzo ahlukahlukene ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo nezidingo zamakhasimende ezahlukahlukene.

Uma ufuna amakhadi ezithombe zakamuva nezisetshenziswa zekhompuyutha, phequlula izinkulungwane zezinketho Chovm.com.