Ungawakhetha Kanjani Amasistimu Amandla E-Hybrid Angcono Kakhulu

Amandla avuselelekayo aya ngokuya aduma kakhulu emazweni ukuthi awamukele futhi awafake kugridi kagesi kazwelonke. Kuya ngokwandayo ukukhetha emiphakathini emincane nakubantu ngabanye. Ikhono lokukhiqiza amandla akho kanye nokuphila ngaphandle kokuncika kugridi yamandla omphakathi kuwukukhetha okusebenzayo kwabaningi.

Amasistimu kagesi ayiHybrid ingahlanganisa futhi ibambe izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamandla emvelo, okuhlanganisa ilanga, umoya namanzi, kanye nokuxhuma kumajeneretha azimele kanye negridi yamandla kagesi yomphakathi. Lesi sihloko sichaza ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zisebenza kanjani nokuthi yiziphi izinketho ezikhona.

Okuqukethwe
Ukukhula kwemakethe yezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube
Isingeniso sezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube
Izingxenye zesistimu yamandla ayingxube
Ungakhetha kanjani usayizi ofanele wesistimu yamandla e-hybrid
Imicabango yokugcina

Ukukhula kwemakethe yezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube

Amasistimu kagesi ayingxube aya ngokuya aduma emhlabeni wonke, ezindlini ezibona ukuguquguquka kanye nokonga kwezindleko ekusebenziseni amandla avuselelekayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela kugridi yomphakathi emba eqolo.

Emazweni amaningi, kunokusekelwa kukahulumeni kanye nezinzuzo zentela zamakhaya asebenzisa izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, futhi amanye amazwe azothenga amandla ayinsalela kubasebenzisi lapho etholakala khona.

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube yaba US$2 billion ngo-2022, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule kahle kakhulu Izinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka elingu-10.4% (CAGR), kusukela US$ 2.4 billion ngo-2023 kuya cishe ku-US $ 4 billion ngo-2028. Izifunda zaseYurophu nase-Asia Pacific zikhombisa ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu njengoba kukhonjisiwe ku ishadi elingenhla.

Isingeniso sezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube

Amandla angakhiqizwa emithonjeni eminingi yemvelo futhi ubuchwepheshe bukhona bokuthwebula nokuhlanganisa lawo mandla ezingeni likazwelonke. Kodwa-ke, bonke lobu buchwepheshe manje sebutholakala ngezinga elincane elingasetshenziselwa amapulazi, imiphakathi emincane, ngisho nasemizini ngayinye.

Iningi labantu liwazi amaphaneli elanga ezindlini ukusiza ukukhiqiza amandla ekhaya. Labo abahlala emapulazini kungenzeka futhi bajwayele ukusebenzisa izinjini zomoya ukuze bathole amandla. Futhi abanye bangase basebenzise imithombo yamanzi agezayo eseduze ukuze bakhiqize amandla. Konke lokhu kuyizindlela ezisungulwe kahle kakhulu zokusebenzisa imithombo yamandla emvelo ukwengeza noma ukuhlinzeka ngezidingo zamandla kagesi aphelele ekhaya.

Amakhaya asebenzisa amandla avela kugridi yensiza yomphakathi abizwa ngokuthi 'i-grid-tieed', noma 'on-grid', kuyilapho amakhaya akhiqiza amandla awo wonke azidinga wona futhi angasebenzisi igridi yomphakathi abizwa ngokuthi 'i-off-grid'. Abantu abahlala ezindaweni ezingazodwa bavame ukuhlala ngaphandle kwegridi, noma ngabe ngenxa yesidingo noma ngokuzithandela.

Amasistimu wamandla ayingxube, njengesistimu engu-5-10 Kw eboniswe ngenhla, angahlanganisa ugesi okhiqizwa emithonjeni eminingi yemvelo. Uma kunesidingo bangahlangana neminye imithombo yamandla efana negridi yomphakathi kanye namajeneretha kaphethiloli azimele. Amasistimu angashintsha phakathi kwamamodi egridi ahlukene kuye ngemithombo yamandla etholakalayo.

Amasistimu wamandla ayingxube angasebenzisa indlela eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze athwebule amandla, ngokukhethwa kukho kuvame ukuba amaphaneli elanga le-photovoltaic (PV) kanye nezinjini zomoya zezikali ezincane, kodwa zingase futhi zihlanganise nezinjini zama-hydro hydro turbines.

Kumthombo ngamunye, amandla ayathathwa, njengamanje aqondile (DC) noma njengama-alternating current (AC). Ilawulwa futhi igcinwe njenge-DC ebhange, noma uchungechunge, lwamabhethri. Le DC yamanje ibe isitholakala ekhaya njenge-DC yamanje, noma ngokuguqulelwa ku-AC kusetshenziswa i-inverter, lapho ingasetshenziswa khona izinto zasendlini njengoba kudingeka.

Izingxenye zesistimu yamandla ayingxube

Kutholakala kakhulu kwezentengiselwano izinhlelo zamandla ezixubile iza nezixazululo zelanga nezomoya. Ngokuvamile azifaki ezinye izixazululo ezifana namajeneretha, izixazululo ze-hydro, noma ezinye izinhlobo zokuhlinzekwa kwamandla njenge-biomass. Amasistimu afaka kuphela amaphaneli e-solar PV, futhi azikho izinketho ze-turbine yomoya, ngokuvamile akhangiswa njengamasistimu e-hybrid 'solar'.

Amaphaneli elanga afika ngebanga lobukhulu obuhlukahlukene namandla, kusukela kumawathi acishe abe yi-100 ukuya phezulu kwama-watts angu-700 iphaneli ngayinye. Kuvamile ukwakha amaphaneli amaningi ophahleni, endaweni eyisicaba, noma nge-engeli ebheke elangeni.

Izinjini zomoya ziza ngezinguqulo ezimbili eziyinhloko, uhlobo oluvundlile (ophephela), kanye nohlobo lwe-egg-beater. Kunamaphakheji esistimu yamandla ayi-hybrid atholakala ngazo zombili izinhlobo ze-turbine.

Abanye abahlinzeki babiza amaphakheji abo kusukela enanini lokuqala, kanye nenani lokugcina kuye ngenani lamaphaneli elanga, izinjini zomoya namandla esilawuli kanye ne-inverter.

Isilawuli samandla kanye ne-inverter

'Ezinhliziyweni' zesistimu yamandla ayingxube kukhona isilawuli kanye ne-inverter.

Indima eyinhloko ye i-inverter yamandla e-hybrid iwukuguqula i-direct current (DC) ibe i-alternating current (AC). Igridi yamandla omphakathi isebenzisa i-AC njengoba lena kuyimanje esebenza kahle kakhulu yokudlulisa ebangeni. Ukunikezwa kukagesi wasekhaya wasekhaya nakho kuyi-AC, njengoba kunjalo nemishini eminingi yasendlini.

Kodwa-ke, amaphaneli e-solar PV akhiqiza i-DC engazinzile, kuyilapho izinjini zomoya namanzi zikhiqiza amandla e-AC angazinzile. Amabhethri esitoreji asebenzisa i-DC njengendlela ephumelela kakhulu yokubamba yamanje. Ngakho-ke isistimu kufanele ikwazi ukuzinzisa noma yimaphi amandla atholiwe, futhi iguqulele ku-DC yamanje ukuze igcinwe. Lowo ngumsebenzi we isilawuli samandla e-hybrid.

Ukuzinzisa kanye namandla okuguqula kungaphathwa ngesilawuli esiseceleni, njengakumdwebo ongenhla ovela ngaphandle kwegridi yomphakeli we- i-hybrid wind kanye nesistimu yamandla elanga, ebonisa isilawuli esiyingxubevange somoya/solar siphakela ibhethri. Amandla ebhethri agciniwe abe eseguqulelwa ku-AC yi-inverter ephakela izinto zikagesi zasekhaya.

Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-inverter esimanje asebenza kokubili njengesilawuli kanye ne-inverter, futhi angahlinzeka ngokusebenza kokuphatha okuthuthukile, okufana nokubika kwedatha yamafu nekhompyutha.

Emdwebeni ongenhla wesistimu yamandla ayingxubevange, konke ukunikezwa kuxhuma ngqo ku-inverter, okuhlanganisa kusukela emithonjeni evuselelekayo (amandla aluhlaza), igridi yomphakathi kanye nejeneretha yasekhaya. I i-inverter yamandla e-hybrid ilawula okwamanje kusuka kuyo yonke imithombo ehlukene, iyigcine, futhi ifinyelele kuyo lapho idingeka ekuhlinzekeni kwasekhaya.

Ama-inverters ahlakaniphile anamuhla ahlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwamandla okuguquguqukayo ku:

• lawula ukushajwa kwamandla avuselelekayo,
• gcina amandla ohlwini lwebhethri,
• qapha futhi ubike ngamaleveli wokushajwa kwebhethri,
• shintsha ukusetshenziswa phakathi kwegridi yensiza yomphakathi namabhethri,
• guqula i-DC yamanje egciniwe ibe yamanje ye-AC,
• ukuhlinzeka ngogesi ezicelweni zasekhaya,
• buyisela noma imaphi amandla engeziwe kugridi yensiza yomphakathi
• hlinzeka ngedatha yesikhathi sangempela emafini nakumakhompyutha endawo.

Iziguquli zamagagasi e-sine ahlanzekile zikhiqiza i-AC yamanje ezinze kakhulu efana neyamanje yegridi yensiza yomphakathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze unikeze amandla ahlanzekile futhi athembekile ekhwalithi ephezulu ezintweni zikagesi zasendlini, eziningi zazo eziqukethe izinto zikagesi ezibucayi.

Ibhethri ye-lithium ion

Noma ngabe yimaphi amandla abanjwayo, kufanele agcinwe ukuze asetshenziswe lapho edingeka. Lokhu kwenziwa ngohlelo, noma ibhange, lamabhethri e-lithium ion. Isitoreji sebhethri siza ngezindlela eziningi, kusukela kumabhethri ayisisekelo 'ahlanganiswe ndawonye' ngekhebula, kuya kumakhabethe ahlanzekile esimanje angabukeki njengezindawo ezingafanele ekhaya futhi avumela nokuqapha okukude.

Inani lesitoreji sebhethri elidingekayo lizoncika ezidingweni zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kwasekhaya komsebenzisi, kanye nokuthi umsebenzisi ufuna ukuhlala azimele kangakanani kugridi yendawo. Lapho kugcinwa amandla engeziwe, kutholakala ugesi omningi wokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwegridi.

Lokhu ibhethri eyisitaki kanye ne-inverter array inokubukeka kwekhabhinethi ehlanzekile eyenza ifaneleke ngaphakathi kwekhaya. Iyabekeka futhi iyalungiseka ngokuphindaphindeka kwezingqimba zebhethri ezingu-5 Kw, futhi iza njengesistimu yonke-in-one kanye ne-inverter kanye nongqimba lwesilawuli. Ngezendlalelo zebhethri ezine, ingaletha amandla angama-20 Kilowatts ngehora ekhaya. Amaleveli okusebenza nebhethri angagadwa ngezibonisi ze-LED kanye naku-inthanethi ngamafu nangekhompyutha. Intengo iqala cishe ku-$749 futhi izoncika enanini lezendlalelo zebhethri ezi-odiwe.

Ungakhetha kanjani isistimu yamandla e-hybrid efanele

Izinketho zokuthwebula amandla avuselelekayo

Lapho ukhetha isistimu yamandla ayingxubevange, isinqumo sokuqala kufanele kube ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamandla avuselelekayo okuhloswe ukuthi zifakwe, namasistimu aphelele ahlanganisa umoya nelanga, nokuthi uhlelo luzosebenza ngaphandle kwegridi noma luxubile.

Kunezinhlelo eziningi ezitholakalayo ezinikeza ukukhetha kwe-wind turbine nama-solar panel. Hlola isilinganiso samandla (ngama-Kilowatts) isistimu eshiwo ukuthi izokhiqiza, kuzo zombili izingxenye zomoya namaphaneli elanga.

Uma kudingeka amandla kagesi noma ijeneretha yendawo, khona-ke umthengi kufanele ahlole noma yiziphi izinkinga ngokuxhunywa nomphakeli. Uma uhlelo luzoxhuma kugridi yensiza yomphakathi, umthengi kufanele acacise ukuthi amandla azovela ikakhulukazi kumandla avuselelekayo, noma ikakhulukazi kugridi yomphakathi, nokuthi uhlelo luzoshintsha kanjani phakathi kwalokhu kokubili.

Umthamo we-inverter

Isinqumo se-inverter sinqunywa inani lamandla okufanele asetshenziswe ikhaya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi esisodwa.

Umthengi kufanele abale isilinganiso esiphezulu esilindelekile sokufunwa kwamandla ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanye nokuthi mangakanani amandla okungenzeka adingeke ngehora. Isibonelo, zingaki izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezihlukene ezizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi zingaba ziphi izinto?

Ukupheka kuyisibonelo sesidingo esikhulu njengoba izinto eziningi zasekhishini zisetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa futhi zonke zingadonsa phansi zikhuphukele ku-3 Kw ngazinye. I-inverter kufanele ibe nomthamo owanele we-Kw ngehora (Kwh) ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo ezidlulele kakhulu, noma inverter ingalayishwa ngokweqile.

Isilawuli, isitoreji samandla nezinhlelo zebhethri

Isinqumo ngesilawuli nomthamo webhethri sinqunywa inani lamandla okufanele aqoqwe futhi agcinwe. Umthengi kufanele abale ukuthi singakanani isitoreji sebhethri esizodingeka nsuku zonke futhi alinganisele ukuthi (futhi nini) lawo mandla azokhiqizwa.

Isibonelo, uma kusetshenziswa izinjini zomoya, lingakanani inani lamandla akhiqizwa usuku lonke ngesilinganiso sosuku olunomoya? Ingakanani inani lokukhanya kwelanga amaphaneli e-solar PV azokwazi ukulithwebula futhi ngawaphi amahora okukhanya emini? Uma kuzosetshenziswa igridi yensiza yomphakathi, ingabe izoba ngamahora athile, njengokuthi i-off-peak?

Ukukhetha isilawuli kufanele kwanele emithonjeni yamandla ehlukene, futhi umthamo webhethri kufanele ulingane nazo zonke izidingo ezingaba khona phakathi nosuku, kugxilwe lapho ukushajwa kwebhethri kungenzeka kwenzeke nini.

Usizo lwabahlinzeki

Umphakeli wakho kufanele akwazi ukusiza ngezibalo, futhi angase anikeze isipredishithi ukuze sikusize ulinganisele izidingo zansuku zonke, okuhlanganisa iziqongo zokuthwebula amandla kanye neziqongo zokusetshenziswa kwamandla.

Kuvamile ukuhlela ukusetshenziswa ngama-Kilowatts, ngokusekelwe ekubenilwa kwansuku zonke nokusebenzisa kanyekanye. Izindleko zakho zenyanga zonke zezinsiza, ezihlukaniswe phansi zibe inani lansuku zonke, zinganikeza isilinganiso esiphelele sokusetshenziswa, ngakho-ke isitoreji sisonke esidingekayo.

Kodwa-ke, kufanele futhi ubheke iziqongo zokusetshenziswa. Izikhathi zokudla ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi izinto zikagesi ezimbalwa ezivame ukusetshenziswa zinesidingo esikhulu samandla. Ohhavini, ama-microwave, amaketela kagesi, izithosa zomoya kanye namathosta konke kuyizibonelo ezingasebenzisa phakathi kuka-1-4Kw, ngakho-ke uma konke kuhlanganiswe ndawonye kunikeza amandla okungenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa adonsele phansi. Futhi khumbula ukuthi ezinye izinto zikagesi zingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ukushisisa ikhaya, ukushisisa amanzi, izikhulisa-mandla, i-tv ne-WiFi yasekhaya, nokushaja imoto kagesi. Bonke laba basebenzisa amandla futhi.

Amandla engeziwe kanye nempendulo yegridi

Uma imodeli yezindleko iwukukhiqiza ukunikezwa kwensalela engabuyiselwa kugridi yensiza yomphakathi, isilinganiso kufanele sifake leyo nsalela, njengoba lokho kungase kudinge izinjini zomoya ezengeziwe noma amaphaneli elanga.

Lapho ufaka isistimu yamandla ayingxubevange, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi kunezindleko ezinkulu zangaphambili ngaphambi kokuba kuzuzwe ukonga izindleko. Ama-turbine namaphaneli e-PV, isilawuli ne-inverter, ne-array yebhethri kungabiza, kanye nezindleko zokufaka kanye nenani elingeziwe lokunakekela ngezikhathi ezithile.

Ukubuyisela ekutshalweni kwezimali kungase kuthathe iminyaka, kunezinyanga, ngakho uhlelo oluhlosiwe akufanele lulingane nesabelomali kuphela, kodwa futhi lucabangele izindleko eziqhubekayo.

Imicabango yokugcina

Ukutholakala kwezinhlelo zamandla ayinhlanganisela emincane kuvumela imakethe yendawo ukuthi isebenzise kangcono imithombo yamandla ehlukene avuselelekayo, kuhlanganiswe negridi yensiza yomphakathi. Amasistimu ajwayelekile afika nama-turbine omoya aqondile noma avundlile alungele ukusetshenziswa ekhaya. Lezi zinhlelo nazo zipakishwe ngamaphaneli e-solar PV angabekwa kalula ophahleni.

Kunokukhethwa okubanzi kwezinhlelo zamandla ayingxube ezitholakalayo, ezihlanganisa izingxenye eziyinhloko zezilawuli zamandla ayingxube, ama-inverter, ama-array ebhethri esitoreji, kanye nesofthiwe yokuqapha ehlakaniphile. Umthengi uzodinga ukuthi acacise ngezidingo zikagesi, ukuthi yimalini edingekayo ukuze yenziwe nokuthi yimalini edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe ikhaya nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Amasistimu wamandla we-Hybrid adinga ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangaphambili kumishini nasekufakeni, futhi umthengi kufanele azi ukuthi i-ROI kungenzeka isatshalaliswe isikhathi eside. Umphakeli kufanele akwazi ukusiza ngezibalo ukuze anqume usayizi olungile wesistimu, futhi uhla lwezinketho lungatholakala endaweni yombukiso eku-inthanethi ku- Chovm.com.