Indlela Yokungenisa E-Japan: Umhlahlandlela Oyisisekelo ka-2024

Ukungeniswa kwempahla eJapan bakhombise ukukhuphuka okumangazayo kusuka ku-2018 kuya ku-2022, naphezu kokucwiliswa kafushane ngo-2020 ngenxa yokuphazamiseka embonini yezempilo yomhlaba wonke. Kusukela ku-$748,488 million ngo-2018, izibalo zokungenisa ezweni ziphinde zakhuphuka kakhulu, zafinyelela ku-$897,242 million ngo-2022. Lokhu kuphawule inkambiso yokukhula iyonke, efinyelele umvuthwandaba ngokunyuka okukhulu kwe-16.6% ngo-2022 uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule.

Ukwenyuka okuzinzile okunjalo kugqamisa ukukhula okuqinile komkhakha wezokuthengwa kwempahla eJapan futhi kugcizelela ukuguquguquka okuqinile kwezwe kwezomnotho kanye nesidingo esikhulayo ngaphakathi kwesimo sohwebo somhlaba wonke. Lezi yizindaba ezinhle ngempela kunoma ubani onentshisekelo yokuqala ibhizinisi lokungenisa e-Japan noma ozimisele ngokuthumela izimpahla e-Japan, okuhlanganisa nabathengisi be-ecommerce abafisa ukuqonda ukuthi izimpahla zingangeniswa kanjani e-Japan ukuze zithengiswe ku-inthanethi.

Ngempela, abanikazi bamabhizinisi bamanje e-Japan noma abathengisi bamazwe ngamazwe abafuna ukushintsha imikhiqizo yabo ehlukahlukene noma abafuna ukungena emakethe yase-Japan bangazuza kumhlahlandlela oyisisekelo wokuthi ungenisa kanjani e-Japan. Qhubeka ufunde ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezimfuneko zomthetho ezibalulekile, izinyathelo ezihilelekile, nezinselele nezisombululo zokungenisa e-Japan.

Okuqukethwe
1. Izimfuneko zomthetho ezibalulekile nokuhambisana nayo
2. Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokungenisa e-Japan
3. Ukunqoba izinselele zokungenisa ezweni
4. Ukuvula Amasango Aya e-Japan

Izidingo zomthetho ezibalulekile nokuhambisana nayo

Isimo sezimvume namalayisense adingekayo

Inqubo yokungenisa e-Japan ngokuyinhloko igunyaza imvume yokungenisa, esebenza kuzo zonke izimpahla ezingena ezweni. Nakuba izimpahla eziningi zingangena e-Japan ngaphandle kwezilawuli eziqinile, izigaba ezithile ezifana nemithi, imikhiqizo yokudla, nezinto zikagesi zidinga ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe okuvela kuziphathimandla ezifanele, ngaphezu kwemvume evamile yokungenisa.

Isibonelo, inqubo yokungenisa nokumaketha kwemishini yezokwelapha nemithi ilawulwa uMnyango Wezempilo, Wezabasebenzi Nenhlalakahle (MHLW) e-Japan. Kuyimpoqo ukuthi ongenisa impahla ngaphandle abambe a Ilayisense Yomphathi Wokugunyaza Ukumaketha (MAH). noma uthembele kuma-MAH akhona ngaphakathi e-Japan ukuze uphathe izibopho zokulawula ezifana nokuthola izimvume zokungenisa nokuthobela imithethonqubo yezemithi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuneziphathimandla ezimbili ezinkulu ezivame ukubandakanyeka ekugunyazweni kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kwalezi zigaba zomkhiqizo ezihlukene, njengoba zivezwe kuwebhusayithi ye-Japan Customs: uNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni (METI) noma uMqondisi-Jikelele Wezokuthutha. Ngaphansi kwenhlangano nokuphatha kwe-METI, Inhlangano Yezohwebo Yangaphandle Yase-Japan (JETRO) isebenza njenge umgqugquzeli wohwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. I-JETRO isekela abangenisi ngokunikeza isiqondiso nezinsiza, ihlinzeka ngolwazi olubalulekile kanye nokubonisana ukuze kwethulwe ngempumelelo nokuphatha ibhizinisi lokungenisa e-Japan.

Ukungeniswa kwemikhiqizo yokudla e-Japan kusebenza njengesinye isibonelo esicacile, ngokuvamile esidinga isitifiketi sokuvalelwa kanye namalayisense akhethekile akhishwe yiminyango efanele. Ngenkathi i-MHLW ihlinzeka nge ukubuka konke kufaka phakathi uhlaka oluhlelekile yenqubo yokungenisa imikhiqizo yokudla edingida ukuhlolwa kwemibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa ngokomzimba, i-JETRO inikeza umhlahlandlela we-anecdotal ekusingatheni izindaba ezithize ngesikhathi sokungenisa kanye nokugunyazwa kwempahla.

Empeleni, ukuhlomisa ngamathuluzi adingekayo ukuze kuthengwe ngaphandle ngempumelelo, kuyancomeka ukuthi abathekelisi baxhumane neminyango efanele ukuze bathole izimvume ezengeziwe ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho eqondiswe yiziphathimandla ezihlobene. I-JETRO okwamanje idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlinzekeni ngezinsiza ezibalulekile, njengesiqondiso esijwayelekile imithethonqubo yokungenisa umkhiqizo wabathengi kanye nezinqubo ezinemininingwane zemikhiqizo ethile efana izimonyo.

Izintela nemisebenzi

Izimpahla ezingeniswa e-Japan zingaphansi kwezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zemisebenzi nezintela: Intela yentela, intela yokusetshenziswa, nezintela zangaphakathi ezengeziwe, ezisebenza emikhiqizweni elawulwa kakhulu efana notshwala, ugwayi, ne-LPG. Isistimu isebenzisa ngokuyinhloko i-ad valorem rates kodwa ingasebenzisa amanani athile noma ahlanganisiwe ezimpahleni ezithile ezifana nophuzo oludakayo noma okusanhlamvu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinyathelo zesikhashana kanye nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana I-World Trade Organisation (WTO) imvumelwano or I-Japan-Singapore Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) ingase iguqule lawa mazinga ukuze ivune uhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe. Amazinga akhethwayo nawo anikezwa amazwe asathuthuka ngaphansi kwe I-GSP (Uhlelo Olujwayelekile Lokuthandwayo) uhlelo, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhuthaza ukuthengwa kwempahla evela kulezi zifunda.

Kubalulekile ukuthi abangenisa kwamanye amazwe babheke Amashejuli Wentela Yempahla Yase-Japan ukunquma izigaba ezifanele kanye namazinga entela yezimpahla zabo. Itholakala ku-inthanethi ukuze kuthengwe inguqulo esemthethweni yezilimi ezimbili kumhlahlandlela ophelele wesiJapane nesiNgisi, ibala zonke izinto ngokuvumelana Incazelo Yempahla Evumelanayo kanye Nohlelo Lokufaka Amakhodi (HS), echaza amanani entengo afana namanani ajwayelekile, i-WTO, Okuthandwayo, kanye namazinga esikhashana.

I-Japan Customs nayo isebenzisa i Uhlelo Olubusayo Lokuhlukanisa Okuthuthukile, okuvumela abangenisi kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza abafanelekile ukuthi baqinisekise ukuhlukaniswa kwentela kanye nenani lentela yezimpahla ngaphambi kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Abangenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe bangathola ukuhlukaniswa kwentela okunqunyelwe kusengaphambili ngaphambi kokumenyezelwa kokungenisa. Nakuba lokhu kungaphoqelekile kubo bonke abangenisa impahla, kuzuzisa kakhulu ekwehliseni ukubambezeleka kokugunyazwa njengoba uhlelo lusiza ukulinganisa izindleko okunembile futhi lusiza ekuhleleni amasu okuthengisa ngokunikeza ulwazi lwangaphambi kwesikhathi lwemisebenzi esebenzayo. Abathekelisi kumele bagcwalise ifomu lesicelo elidingekayo ukuze baqale inqubo yokunquma ukuhlukaniswa ngezigaba kusengaphambili kanye nemibuzo egcwalisa imibandela, abeCustoms bazokhipha impendulo esemthethweni, okufanele ifakwe nesimemezelo sokungenisa (isinyathelo sesibili senqubo yokungenisa) ukusiza enqubweni yokuhlolwa kwentela.

Kudingeka amadokhumenti

Amadokhumenti ahilelekile ekungenisweni eJapane angahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili kanje:

Imibhalo eyisibopho

1. I-invoyisi: Lonke ulwazi olubalulekile oludingekayo ukuze kukhokhiswe intela, isibonelo, ama-akhawunti wempahla kanye nezitifiketi zomshwalense.
2. I-Bill of Lading noma i-Airway Bill: Imininingwane yokuthumela kanye namarekhodi okulandelela.
3. Uhlu Lokupakisha: Kufana nama-invoyisi, anemininingwane yokuqukethwe kanye nenani lokuthunyelwa.
4. Isiliphu sokukhokha intela yentela: ubufakazi benkokhelo uma kukhona intela yentela.

Amadokhumenti adingekayo ngokwemibandela (ngokuzithandela).

5. Amadokhumenti omthetho wokuthobela imithetho: Izitifiketi zokungenisa, ukugunyazwa, namalayisense adingekayo ngokwemithetho ethile efana naleyo edingekayo ekungethweni kwempahla elawulwayo kuhlanganisa izinto eziyingozi, amadivayisi wezokwelapha, imishini kagesi, nabanye. Ngokuyisisekelo, izinto ezinezitifiketi zempilo, ukuphepha, noma umthelela wemvelo kanye nokugunyazwa amabhizinisi afana noNgqongqoshe Wezomnotho, Wezohwebo Nezimboni noma uMqondisi-Jikelele Wezokuthutha e-Japan, njengoba kusebenza.
6. Izitifiketi Zomsuka: Kudingeka lapho isilinganiso seNhlangano Yezohwebo Yomhlaba (i-WTO) noma isilinganiso esikhethekile sisebenza.
7. Amadokhumenti ahlobene nentela: Isicelo noma isitifiketi sokugunyazwa kokukhululwa enteleni siyadingeka ezimpahleni ezingaphansi kokukhululwa enteleni yokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, isitatimende esinemininingwane mayelana nokwehliswa, noma ukukhululwa emthelweni wentela kanye nentela yempahla kufanele kufakwe futhi. Ezimpahleni ezidinga intela eyinkimbinkimbi noma izibalo zentela, kufanele kuhanjiswe Isitatimende sokubala.
8. Amadokhumenti omsebenzi wezezimali: Isibonelo, isiliphu sokuqinisekisa intela esihlehlisiwe siyadingeka ukuze ulawule ukuhlehliswa.

Izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokungenisa e-Japan

Inhloso eyinhloko yokungenisa e-Japan ukuthola imvume yokungenisa, esebenza njengesigunyazo esisemthethweni esivumelayo izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ukuze zibonwe njengezinto zasekhaya. Lokhu kuqashelwa kuvumela ukukhululwa kwabo kumthumeli. Ngokuqonda lo mqondo obalulekile engqondweni, ake sihlole izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokungenisa e-Japan:

1. Ukulungiselela: Qoqa wonke amadokhumenti adingekayo, okuhlanganisa ama-invoyisi, izitifiketi zokuzalwa, izitifiketi zokugunyaza ukungenisa, njll. njengoba kushiwo esigabeni esidlule ngokufanele.
2. Memezela izimpahla: Gcwalisa bese uthumela ifomu lesimemezelo sokungenisa (I-Customs Form C No. 5020) ehhovisi lentela elinegunya lokulawula endaweni eboshiwe lapho kugcinwa khona izimpahla. Imininingwane enemininingwane mayelana nezimpahla kanye nemibhalo edingekayo kumele ifakwe ngokufanele. Kuyatuseka ukuthi abangenisa kwamanye amazwe baxhumane nabezintela ukuze bathole izimemezelo ezingaphandle kwamahora ajwayelekile. Uma kunesidingo, ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezicelo zemvume yokungenisa ezweni kanye nezinqubo zokumemezela, abathenga kwamanye amazwe bayakhuthazwa ukuthi babonisane nehhovisi lezokuthutha elifanele noma umeluleki wamasiko wendawo.
3. Thumela amadokhumenti adingekayo: Yethula ifomu lesimemezelo eligcwalisiwe kanye namadokhumenti ahambisana naso ehhovisi lentela ngesikhathi samahora okusebenza.
4. Ukuhlolwa nokugunyazwa kweCustoms: Ihhovisi lentela kufanele libuyekeze imibhalo ethunyelwe futhi lenze noma yikuphi ukuhlola okudingekayo ngaphambi kokugunyazwa ukuze liqhubekele esinyathelweni esilandelayo.

5. Ukukhokhwa kwemisebenzi nezintela: Khokha izimali zentela ezisebenzayo nezintela zempahla, ezihluka kuye ngohlobo lwezimpahla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuhlosiwe.
6. Ukukhishwa Kwemvume Yokungenisa: Ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa kwemibhalo kanye nokuhlolwa okuyimpumelelo (uma kukhona), uma izintela sezikhokhiwe, ihhovisi lentela lizokhipha imvume yokungenisa, eligunyaza ngokusemthethweni izimpahla ukuthi zisakazwe ekhaya.
7. Khiphela othunyeliwe: Uma imvume yokungenisa ezweni isikhishiwe, izimpahla ziyasuswa endaweni eboshelwe ukungena ezweni bese zidedelwa kumthumeli.

Ukunqoba izinselele zokungenisa

Iqiniso lokuthi i-Japan Customs isebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yokulawula eqinile enamazinga aphezulu iletha isethi yayo yezinselelo. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinselelo azinakuxazululeka, ikakhulukazi kulabo abakholelwa ukuthi ukuzibandakanya nebhizinisi e-Japan kunikeza amathuba ahlukile futhi bazimisele ukubamba iqhaza emakethe yase-Japan eguquguqukayo.

1. Izithiyo zolimi: Noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni ye-Japan Customs inikeza ezimbalwa Amafomu esiNgisi, isidingo samanye amadokhumenti kanye nokugcinwa kwamafayela okulawula okumele kuthunyelwe ngesi-Japanese kubangela izinselele ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma kubhekwa ukungabikho kwamafomu abalulekile afana neFomu Lokumenyezelwa Kokungenisa (Ifomu Lempahla C No. 5020) ngesiNgisi ezinkundleni ezisemthethweni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukusebenza ngokubambisana nochwepheshe bendawo abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili ngenqubo yokungenisa kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthunyelwa okuthobelayo kanye nokwenza lula ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo neziphathimandla zendawo kanye nozakwethu. Ngokuzibandakanya okunjalo, le ndlela isiza futhi ekuqondeni nasekuzivumelaniseni nezinqubo zebhizinisi zaseJapan.

2. Iyazulazula inkimbinkimbi yokulawula: Indawo yokulawula yase-Japan ibonakala ngamazinga aqinile futhi ahlukile emikhakheni ehlukene. Abangenisi bavame ukubhekana nezinselele ngemithetho eminingi, okuhlanganisa nezimfuneko zomthetho ezengeziwe ngale kwemithetho yentela ukuze bathole ukugunyazwa nezimvume. Ukuthola amalayisense athile embonini ethile okulawulwa izinhlangano ezikhethiwe nakho kungenza kube nzima ukungena ezimakethe. Ukuqasha ochwepheshe bendawo yokulawula noma abaxhumanisi banganikeza isiqondiso esidingekayo mayelana nokuhambisana nokwenza lula inqubo yokungenisa. Ukugcina i-custom broker nakho kungaba yinzuzo ekuphatheni amaphepha abanzi kanye nokuzulazula endaweni yokulawula kahle.

3. Ukuphathwa Kwezindleko: Noma kunjalo amanani aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa, kunezithiyo ezithile ezingakhokhisi ezingase zinyuse kakhulu izindleko zokungenisa e-Japan. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isidingo sokushintshwa kwemikhiqizo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane namazinga ahlukile ase-Japan kanye nemfuneko yokuhlangenwe nakho okubonisiwe kwasendaweni, okungadinga ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kokuqala. Ukuze kwehliswe izindleko ezinjalo ezihlotshaniswayo, abathekelisi bangase basebenzise izivumelwano zohwebo ngentela ekhethwayo futhi bahlole izinhlelo zokusiza ezixhaswe nguhulumeni. Ukusungula ubambiswano lwendawo kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwemibuthano yemboni nakho kungamaqhinga awusizo okunciphisa izindleko nokwenza lula ukungena ezimakethe.

Ivula amasango aya e-Japan

Kubalulekile ukuthi abangenisi baqale ukuzulazula kwenkimbinkimbi yemakethe yokungenisa yase-Japan ngokuqonda okucacile kwezimfuneko zomthetho ezibalulekile kanye nokuhambisana. Isimo sezimvume ezidingekayo namalayisense siyahluka kakhulu kuye ngemikhiqizo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhlosiwe, ngokuvamile kungaphansi kwezimvume ezengeziwe ezingaphezu kwemvume evamile yokungenisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangenisi babhekana nentela yempahla kanye nezintela zokusetshenziswa, kanye nezinye izintela zangaphakathi ezisebenza emikhiqizweni ethile njengotshwala nogwayi. Inqubo yokubhala idinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela, okuhlanganisa amadokhumenti ayisibopho njengama-invoyisi neziliphu zokukhokha intela yentela, kanye namadokhumenti ozikhethela wona ukuze uthole ukugunyazwa okwengeziwe lapho kudingeka.

Izinyathelo ezihilelekile ekungeniseni e-Japan ziyindlela futhi zidinga ukulungiselela ngenkuthalo. Kusukela ekumenyezweni kwezimpahla, okulandelwa ukuhanjiswa kwemibhalo edingekayo, isinyathelo ngasinye sibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho. Ukuhlolwa nokugunyazwa kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kuholela ezigabeni ezibalulekile zokukhokha intela kanye nokuthola imvume yokungenisa elizweni edingekayo. Okokugcina, ukukhishwa ngempumelelo kwezimpahla kulowo othunyiwe kubonisa ukuqedwa kwenqubo yokungenisa. Izithiyo zolimi zokuzulazula, izingqinamba zokulawula, nokuphathwa kwezindleko kuyingxenye yokuvula amasango okuya e-Japan ngempumelelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokungenisa ihambisana nakho kokubili ukuthobela kanye nempumelelo yebhizinisi.

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