Ungabakhetha Kanjani Abavuni Basemanzini Abangcono Kakhulu ngo-2024

Ukuvuna emanzini kuwumsebenzi odingeka kakhulu ukugcina imifula nemigudu yamanzi ingenakho ukhula oluhlaselayo noluminyene nezinye izitshalo zamanzi. Izivuni zasemanzini ziya ngokuya zithandwa njengendlela yokusika nokususa izitshalo zasemanzini ezithinta ikhwalithi yomzila wamanzi.

Le ndatshana ibuyekeza ukuthi le mishini isebenza kanjani, futhi igqamisa amanye amamodeli angcono kakhulu atholakala emakethe eku-inthanethi ngo-2024.

Okuqukethwe
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ehlongozwayo yabavuni basemanzini
Siyini isivuni sasemanzini?
Isakhiwo sokuvuna emanzini
Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokuvuna emanzini
Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli okuvuna emanzini atholakalayo
Izivuni zamarobhothi ezisezingeni eliphezulu
Imicabango yokugcina

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ehlongozwayo yabavuni basemanzini

Izivuni zasemanzini ziba yimfuneko emifuleni eminingi yasemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, ukuze kususwe ukukhula kwezitshalo zasemanzini ngokweqile okungavimba futhi kugcwale imifula kanye nokukhipha amanzi ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi ingagelezi. 

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yokuvuna emanzini ikhombise inani le US$8 49.88 million ngo-2022. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kukhule ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) ka-8.15% ukushaya US$1470.7 million ngo-2029.

Leli zinga lokukhula okunempilo libangelwa ukuqwashisa okwandayo kokulondoloza nokuthuthukisa izinga lamanzi, izinzuzo zemvelo zemizila yamanzi agelezayo mahhala, nokuqwashisa okwengeziwe ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokukhula okungavinjelwe kwezitshalo zasemanzini eziyingozi.

Izivuni zasemanzini ziphinde zisetshenziselwe ukuhlanza imisele yamanzi kumapulasitiki kanye neminye imfucumfucu engcolisayo eseya ngokuya iba yingozi emifuleni nemifudlana, imisele yamanzi kanye nokuchelela.

Siyini isivuni sasemanzini?

Indawo yasemanzini umvuni umshini osetshenziselwa ukususa izitshalo zasemanzini ezingafunwa emigwaqweni yamanzi. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo zasemanzini eziyinkinga ezihlanganisa umhlanga nokhula, i-hyacinth yamanzi, i-pondweed, ama-bullrushes, ama-lily pads, nezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula emanzini. Lezi zitshalo zimila izimpande emhlabathini ongaphansi kwamanzi, ezinye zifinyelela phezulu kanti ezinye zicwiliswe ngokuphelele.

Impilo yezitshalo engadingeki inga vimba imifula nemisele, thiya izikebhe, amanzi ageleze kancane noma avimbe, futhi aphazamise ukukhula okunempilo kwezilwane zasendle. Izitshalo zamanzi abolile zingaba neqhaza ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi ephinde ivimbele izindlela zamanzi. 

Izivuni zasemanzini, ezibizwa nangokuthi izikebhe zokusika ukhula, zisetshenziselwa ukususa lezi zitshalo zasemanzini ngokusika iziqu ngaphansi kwamanzi, noma ngokuzidonsa ngezimpande. Izitshalo ezingaphezulu kanye nezinsalela ezintantayo ziyafundwa futhi ziqoqwe. Lezi zibe seziphakelwa ebhandeni lokuthutha kuze kufike esivuni, lapho kamuva zingalahlwa khona, noma zigaywe kabusha njengokudla kwezilwane noma umanyolo.

Lezi zivuni futhi ngezinye izikhathi zisetshenziselwa ukuqoqa udoti ontantayo ukuze kuhlanzeke izindlela zamanzi ezingcolile, ngokuphenya phezulu futhi zifunze imfucumfucu ifike esikebheni.

Isakhiwo sokuvuna emanzini

Izivuni zasemanzini zenzelwe ukuntanta emanzini. Zifakwe i-pontoon hull entantayo, futhi inamasondo okugwedla nhlangothi zombili ukuze iqhube, nakuba ezinye izinhlobo zisebenzisa uphephela ongaphandle.

Izivuni zasemanzini zingaba nendlu yokulawula evaliwe (pilot), noma zingaba nezilawuli ezivulekile ezimbozwe uphahla lwelanga. Izinjini ngokuvamile zisebenza ngodizili, kodwa kungase kube khona amamodeli kaphethiloli noma kagesi. 

Izivuni zasemanzini zenzelwe ukuvuna ekujuleni okungashoni, zisebenzisa ibhande langaphambili lesiphakeli elehlela phansi emanzini lifike ekujuleni okungamafidi ayi-6 (1.82m).

Ngaphambili kwe-conveyor kunamasethi ezisiki ezisemaceleni nezingezansi, ibha yokusika eyodwa evundlile ngaphambili kwe-conveyor kanye nebha yokusika eqondile ohlangothini ngalunye lwe-conveyor.

Amanye amamodeli ahlinzeka ngemimese yamasondo okuphotha esikhundleni sabasiki bezinhlangothi. Isihambisi siphakamise ama-rails aqondisayo ukuze aqondise izitshalo ezisikiwe, futhi angase abe nezinsimbi zokuqondisa ezincane ezivulekayo ukuze ziqoqe imfucumfucu entantayo. I-conveyor iyaphakanyiswa futhi yehliswe ngama-hydraulics.

Kukhona i-conveyor yesibili engemuva efakwa kumshini wokuvuna. Izitshalo ezisikiwe ziyasuswa emanzini bese zifakwa esikebheni, lapho umthumeli wesibili ehambisa izitshalo ngemuva kwesivuni.

Izivuni zasemanzini ziza ngosayizi nobude obuhlukene. Ibhande elide lokuthutha lizovumela ukuvunwa okujulile (ukusika ukujula), kanti ibhande elibanzi lokuhambisa lingasika izitshalo eziningi kunelincane (ububanzi bokusebenza).

Uhlaka olude lwesikebhe luzovumela izitshalo eziningi ezisikiwe ukuba zibanjelwe esikebheni, ngaleyo ndlela uvumele umvuni ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokubuyela ogwini ukuze alayishe. 

Okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha umshini wokuvuna emanzini

Uma ubheka umdwebo osesigabeni esandulele, okhombisa izingxenye ezibalulekile zokuvuna emanzini, ikhono lokuvuna linganqunywa ngezinto ezimbalwa ezibalulekile:

• ububanzi bokusebenza kanye nohlobo lwamazinyo okusika,
• ukujula kokusika ngaphansi kwamanzi, nokusalungiswa kwephontoni okungenalutho/okugcwele,
• isisindo somshini wokuvuna ngokumelene namandla enjini yayo,
• ubude nomthamo wamaconveyor angaphambili nangemuva kanye nesitoreji esisebhodini.

Ububanzi bokusebenza ububanzi bokuvulwa kwesithuthi. Lokhu kunquma ukuthi kungakanani ukukhula kwamanzi okungasikwa endaweni eyodwa. Ububanzi bokusebenza ngokuvamile buhluka phakathi kuka-40” kuya ku-80” (1 – 2m). Isithombe esingenhla sibonisa i umvuni wasemanzini enobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-47” (1.2m), futhi ikhombisa kahle amazinyo okusika avundlile naqondile kanye nama-hydraulics okuthutha. 

Ukujula kokusika ngaphansi kwamanzi kunquma ukuthi umvuni angasika ukujula kangakanani, futhi umthengi kufanele aqaphele ukujula kwemisele yamanzi ehlosiwe. Engeza kulokhu kucatshangelwa, okusalungiswa kwe-pontoon okulayishiwe nokulayishiwe (ukujula ukuthi kuhlezi emanzini), njengoba isikebhe esilayishiwe sizohlala phansi emanzini futhi sivumele ukujula okwengeziwe kokusika. Ukujula kokusika kuvame ukuhluka phakathi kwe-3 ft kuya ku-6 ft (91-182cm).

Isisindo esiphelele sesivuni namandla enjini, okubizwa ngokuthi amandla kagandaganda futhi avezwa ngamandla ehhashi (Hp). Isivuni sidinga amandla okushayela anele ukuze sidlule ukhula olungazweli kanye nezimpande ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengoba injini engenawo amandla anele izoba nzima futhi isivuni singabhajwa. Amandla kagandaganda ajwayelekile asuka ku-10 kuye ku-100 Hp.

Ubude nomthamo wamaconveyor angaphambili nangemuva, kanye nosayizi wokubamba ogibele ukuqoqa izitshalo ezisikiwe. Umvuni uzoqoqa futhi abambe izitshalo ezisikiwe kuze kugcwale indawo yokugcina, ngemva kwalokho abuyele ogwini ukuze akhiphe zonke izitshalo ezisikiwe. Lapho umthamo omkhulu wesitoreji ebhodini, kulapho umvuni engasebenza khona ngaphambi kokubuya.

Ukukhethwa kwamamodeli okuvuna emanzini atholakalayo

Lesi sigaba sibheka izibonelo ezimbalwa ezikhethiwe zezivuni zasemanzini ezitholakala kuzo Chovm.com. 

Imodeli engenhla i- ukuvuna ukhula emanzini ehlinzekwa ukuhlenga nokuhlanza emfuleni nasechibini. Inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-57” (1.45m) nokujula okuphakathi kuka-10” no-43” (0.25m no-1.1m). Injini inikeza phakathi kuka-12 kuya ku-30 ​​Hp. Lesi sivuni sitholakala phakathi kwe-US$28,000 kanye ne-US$31,000 kuye ngenani lamayunithi a-odiwe.

Lokhu umvuni wasemanzini okhula namanzi ihyacinth inebanga lamandla kagandaganda phakathi kuka-30 Hp no-80 Hp. Le modeli inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-59” (1.5m) nokujula okungu-39” (1m). Itholakala nge-US$ 16,000.

Le modeli yokuvuna emanzini ikhangiswa njenge amanzi okuvuna ukhula futhi futhi njengesihlanzi sikadoti womfula. Inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-78” (2m) nokujula okufika ku-43” (1.1m). Amayunithi atholakala phakathi kwe-US$14,000 kanye ne-US$20,000 kuye ngezinombolo ezi-odiwe.

Isivuni sasemanzini esingenhla sichazwa ngokuthi a umshini wokuhlanza umfula ukusika ukhula lwasemanzini futhi uqoqe udoti ontantayo emachibini, emifuleni nasemachibini. Ububanzi bokusebenza bungama-67” (1.7m) nokujula okungu-43” (1.1m). Amandla kagandaganda aphakathi kuka-45 no-55 Hp, futhi le modeli itholakala phakathi kwe-US$ 12,000 kanye ne-US$ 63,000.

Imodeli engenhla ikhonjiswe ngokubuka okuphezulu okugqamisa kahle i-conveyor yokusika ngaphambili kanye ne-conveyor yokupakisha yangemuva, kanye nokukhombisa amasondo okugwedla ohlangothini ngalunye. Lokhu umvuni wasemanzini ichazwa njengotshani obungaphansi kwamanzi kanye nomsiki wokhula, ububanzi obusebenzayo obungu-78” (2m) kanye nokujula okungama-32” kuya ku-39” (0.8m kuya ku-1m). Intengo ku-US $ 32,800.

Lokhu ukuvuna ukhula emanzini ukusuka eShayina kunobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-98” (2.5m) nokujula okungu-59” (1.5m). Inamandla kagandaganda angu-100 Hp. Amamodeli amakhulu atholakala phakathi kwe-US$30,000 kanye ne-US$150,000.

Imodeli engenhla ifanelekile ukuvuna izitshalo zasemanzini kanye nokushushuluza udoti. Isivuni sikhangiswa njengesinokusebenza okuzenzakalelayo ngokugcwele, ngokusiphula okusebenzayo okungama-95%. Isebenza ngobubanzi obungu-32” (0.8m) futhi iphuma namandla enjini angu-50 kuya ku-56 Hp. Amanani asukela ku-US$ 9,100 kuya ku-US$ 9,300 ngokuya ngenani lamayunithi.

Le modeli ye umvuni wasemanzini ikhangiswa ngotshani basolwandle, ukuthuthwa kokhula nodoti. Izinketho zomshini ziyahlukahluka, ngokuguquguquka kobubanzi bokusebenza kusuka ku-47” kuya ku-78” (1.2m kuya ku-2m), kanye nokujula kokusika okuhluka kusuka ku-20” kuya ku-47” (0.5m kuya ku-1.2m). Izinketho zamandla enjini zisuka ku-30 ​​kuye ku-90 Hp. Intengo isuka ku-US$11,000 iye ku-US$12,000.

Le modeli ye umvuni wasemanzini ifika nesici esizenzakalelayo ngokuphelele futhi ikhangiselwa ukuhlanza nokushushuluza ukhula lomfula kanye nodoti ontantayo. Le nguqulo inobubanzi obusebenzayo obungu-78” (2m), kusetshenziswa imimese yamasondo azungezayo esikhundleni sabasiki abaqondile.

Inokujula kokusika okungu-10” kuya ku-33” (0.25 kuya ku-0.85m). Amandla kagandaganda aphakathi kuka-10 no-12 Hp, futhi ukutholakala kwentengo kuphakathi kwe-US$ 10,500 kanye ne-US$ 11,000.00.

Lokhu okuzenzakalelayo umvuni wasemanzini, ebhekwa phezulu, ibonisa ukuthi isithumeli esingemuva singabamba kanjani izitshalo ezisikiwe noma singazikhipha ngemuva kwesikebhe. Le modeli inobubanzi bokusebenza obungu-78” (2m) nokujula okungu-43” (1.1m). Amandla kagandaganda wawo aphakathi kuka-30 no-50 Hp, futhi intengo iphakathi kwe-US$ 14,000 kanye ne-US$ 20,000. 

Izivuni zamarobhothi ezisezingeni eliphezulu

Intuthuko ekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe nayo isifinyelele emhlabeni wokuvuna emanzini, ngamamodeli amabili amarobhothi aboniswe lapha. 

Lolu hlobo lwe-Titan brand irobhothi emanzini okuvuna isebenza ngenani lezilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo zokusebenza, ukuhlanza izindlela zamanzi ngokuzenzakalelayo. Lesi sivuni esingenamuntu asinqumi izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, kodwa sikhipha izitshalo kanye nolwelwe, futhi singasetshenziselwa ukuhlanza udoti. Iphinde ibe nemisebenzi yokuhlola izinga lamanzi.

Le modeli inobubanzi obungu-67” (1.7m), enenjini enamandla kagesi ekhiqiza phakathi kuka-85 no-200 Hp, isikhathi sokusebenza esingafika emahoreni ayisi-6. Intengo ayimangazi ngokuphawulekayo ngaphezu kwamanye amamodeli, phakathi kuka-US$72,499 kanye no-US$ 75,499.

Le modeli ye irobhothi emanzini okuvuna inamakhono emisebenzi eminingi ehlanganisa ukushushuluza nokuhlanza indawo, ukuhlaziywa kwekhwalithi yamanzi, ukutholwa kokujula kwamanzi, nemisebenzi yokuhlola nokuhlonza. Njengemodeli ye-Titan, lesi sivuni irobhothi asikwazi ukusika izitshalo ezingaphansi kwamanzi, futhi siklanyelwe ukuhlanza indawo yezitshalo ezintantayo nolwelwe, kanye nokuqoqa udoti ontantayo.

Le modeli inobubanzi obungu-67” (1.7m), enenjini enamandla kagesi ekhiqiza phakathi kuka-85 no-200 Hp, isikhathi sokusebenza samahora angu-8-10. Intengo iphakathi kwama-US$39,499 kanye nama-US$41,499.

Imicabango yokugcina

Kunezinhlobonhlobo zezivuni zasemanzini ezitholakalayo, ngakho-ke ongase abe umthengi kufanele anciphise izinketho ngokusekelwe kulokho okuhlosiwe. Imishini eminingi ikhangisa izitshalo ezithile noma yokususa udoti, kodwa empeleni amamodeli amaningi ayakwazi ukuphatha imisebenzi eminingi. 

Okucatshangelwayo okuyinhloko kufanele kube usayizi, namandla anele okusingatha lowo sayizi, ububanzi bokusebenza obufunwayo kanye nokujula kokusebenza okulindelekile. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlukene zivuna ngendlela ehlukile futhi izitshalo ezingaphezulu kanye nolwelwe kufanele kuncishiswe esikhundleni sokusikwa.

Imishini eminingi idonsa ngodizili, engahambisani nemvelo. Amamodeli kagesi okwamanje abonakala ekhawulelwe kumamodeli amarobhothi amancane noma azimele.

Abathengi abangase bakwazi ukuthola ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobonhlobo zezivuni zasemanzini ezitholakala e- Chovm.com umbukiso.