Ungawakhetha Kanjani Amabhethri Emoto Kagesi Ahamba Kakhulu ngo-2024

Izimoto zikagesi (EV) zisinikeza esinye isisombululo samandla esimeme kakhulu sokuhamba, kanye Amabhethri e-EV ziyingxenye eyinhloko yezimoto zikagesi. Ngenxa yalokhu, isidingo samabhethri e-EV siyakhula emhlabeni wonke, futhi lokhu kuveza ithuba elihle kubathengisi ukuthi babhekane nalo mkhuba. 

Ukuze ukhethe amabhethri angcono kakhulu emakethe, kubalulekile ukwazi imiqondo eyisisekelo nezici zamabhethri e-EV kanye nokunye okubalulekile okufanele ukucabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri. Futhi yilapho lo mhlahlandlela ukumboze khona—ngakho-ke funda ukuze uthole umhlahlandlela womthengi wamabhethri e-EV angcono kakhulu ngo-2024!   

Okuqukethwe
Liyini ibhethri lemoto kagesi?
Izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-EV
Isiphetho sendaba

Liyini ibhethri lemoto kagesi?

Amabhethri emoto kagesi ziyizinhliziyo zezimoto zikagesi zesimanje, ezinesibopho sokugcina nokuhlinzeka amandla adingekayo ukuze imoto isebenze. Lawa mabhethri ikakhulukazi awe-lithium-ion ngenxa yokuminyana kwawo okuphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside. Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion sebenzisa isimiso sokuhambisa i-lithium ion phakathi kwe-anode ne-cathode ngesikhathi sokushaja nokukhipha imijikelezo. 

Izidingo zamandla, umthamo, namaza okukhipha ebhethri yizici ezibalulekile zokusebenza kwe-EV. Isibonelo, izimfuno zamandla emoto esebenza ngogesi zisho ukuthi ibhethri likhipha amanzi amaningi kangakanani futhi aqhubekayo, athonya ngokuqondile amandla emoto okusheshisa, ukusebenza kokukhuphuka intaba, kanye nebanga lokushayela.

Ukwakhiwa kwamabhethri emoto kagesi nakho kucabangela ubukhulu bomzimba nesikhala esitholakalayo ngaphakathi kwemoto. Isakhiwo sephakethe lebhethri kufanele silingane nemikhawulo ethile yesikhala yemoto kagesi, okungaba nomthelela ekuhlelweni kanye nomthamo ophelele wamabhethri. 

Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla emoto ye-Tesla okungu-0.2 kWh ngekhilomitha kungasetshenziswa ukulinganisa umthamo webhethri odingekayo ngezidingo ezahlukene zebanga lokushayela. Ukwengeza, izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo kanye nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ebhethri kubalulekile, njengoba lezi zici zithinta ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. 

Amabhethri e-lithium-ion kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate, isibonelo, anezici zokusebenza ezihlukile kumazinga okushisa ahlukene, okufanele acatshangelwe ngokusekelwe endaweni yokusebenza okuhloswe ngayo i-EV.

Izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha amabhethri e-EV

Imfuneko yebanga lokushayela

Imfuneko yebanga lokushayela ingenye yemingcele ebaluleke kakhulu ku ibhethri yemoto kagesi ukukhetha. Isidingo sobubanzi sithinta ngokuqondile ukukhethwa komthamo webhethri: ukuphakama komthamo, ubude bebanga lethiyori le-EV. 

Isihluthulelo sezidingo zobubanzi indlela yokulinganisa umthamo webhethri nesisindo esiphelele kanye nezindleko zemoto. Ibhethri elikhulu linganikeza ibanga elide.

Ukunikeza isibonelo esilula somthelela wesidingo sebanga lokushayela, ake sithi kunemoto kagesi enamandla ebhethri ebekwe ku-X kilowatt-hours (kWh). Uma imoto ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-Y nge-kWh ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle, khona-ke umkhawulo wayo omkhulu wokushayela ungaba ngu-X izikhathi ezingu-Y. 

Isibonelo, uma imoto kagesi ifakwe ibhethri elingu-50-kWh futhi ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-5 nge-kWh ngayinye, khona-ke umkhawulo wayo omkhulu wokushayela ungaba amakhilomitha angu-250.

Nakuba lesi sibalo sihlinzeka ngebanga lethiyori, ibanga langempela lokushayela lingase lithintwe izinto ezimbalwa, njengesitayela sokushayela, izimo zomgwaqo, umthwalo wemoto, izimo zezulu, njll. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwangempela kwebhethri kungase kuhluke esibalweni sethiyori.

Amandla ebhethri namandla okukhipha

Battery amandla kanye nokukhishwa kwamandla kungenye ipharamitha eyinhloko yamabhethri emoto kagesi (EV), futhi anomthelela oqondile ekusebenzeni kwe-EV, ikakhulukazi ukusheshisa nokusebenza kokukhuphuka kwamagquma.

Amandla ebhethri asho inani eliphezulu lamandla elingalethwa ibhethri ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhathi, ngokuvamile elilinganiswa ngama-kilowatts (kW). Ibhethri elinamandla amakhulu lingakhulula inani elikhulu lamandla ngokushesha, ngaleyo ndlela linikeze ama-EV ngokusheshisa okunamandla nekhono elingcono lokukhuphuka amagquma. 

Idizayini ye-powertrain yemoto kagesi kanye nokumatanisa amandla ebhethri kubalulekile, njengoba ibhethri idinga ukukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamandla zenjini ekusebenzeni okuphezulu.

I-Discharge current amandla wamanje ebhethrini phakathi nokuphuma futhi ikalwa ngama-ampere (A). Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamanje zokukhipha amabhethri: ukukhishwa okuphezulu kwamanje kanye nokukhishwa okuqhubekayo kwamanje. 

Ubuningi bokukhipha amandla amandla aphezulu kakhulu ibhethri elingalethwa ngesikhathi esifushane futhi ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuze kusheshiswe noma kukhuphuke igquma; ukukhipha okuqhubekayo kwamandla ibhethri elingaqhubeka nokulethela ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile zokusebenza.

Ake sithi imoto kagesi idinga amandla aphezulu angu-150 kW futhi ibhethri likalwe ku-400 volts. Ngokusekelwe esilinganisweni samandla esingu-P (amandla) = V (i-voltage) x I (okwamanje), singabala inani eliphezulu lamanje elidingekayo: I (okwamanje) = P (amandla) / V (i-voltage) = 150 kW / 400 V = 375 A.

Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhethri idinga ukukwazi ukuhlinzeka okungenani ngama-amps angu-375 wamanje isikhathi esifushane ukuze ihlangabezane nesidingo esikhulu samandla emoto.

Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo kanye nohlobo lwekhemistri yebhethri

Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo nohlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri enye ipharamitha ebalulekile yamabhethri emoto kagesi (EV), futhi ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwebhethri, ukuphepha, impilo yonke, kanye nendawo esetshenziswa kuyo.

izinga lokushisa lokusebenza

Izinga lokushisa elisebenzayo lebhethri ububanzi bamazinga okushisa ibhethri elingasebenza phezu kwawo kahle. Le pharamitha ibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwebhethri ngoba izinga lokushisa lingathinta kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwebhethri, umthamo wokushajwa kanye nempilo. 

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezeqisayo, ibhethri lingase lingasebenzi kahle futhi lingase lethule ngisho nengcuphe yezokuphepha. Isibonelo, amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu angabangela ibhethri ukuthi lishise kakhulu, lonakalise, noma lidale umlilo; kuyilapho amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu angase ehlise umthamo osebenzayo kanye nokukhipha ukusebenza kahle kwebhethri.

Uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri

Uhlobo lwekhemikhali yebhethri lunquma izici zalo eziyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa ukuminyana kwamandla, isisindo, izindleko, izinto ezingavuthiwe kanye nebanga lokushisa elisebenzayo. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zamabhethri emoto kagesi amabhethri e-lithium-ion (Li-Ion) kanye ne-lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4).

Amabhethri e-Lithium-ion (Li-Ion).: Lawa mabhethri asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ngenxa yokuqina kwazo okuphezulu nokuphila isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile banebanga lokushisa elibanzi lokusebenza, kodwa ukusebenza kungase kwehle emazingeni okushisa adlulele. Amabhethri e-Li-Ion angase abe sengcupheni yokushisa ngokweqile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, kuyilapho emazingeni okushisa aphansi angase aphumele ekunciphiseni ukusebenza kahle kokushaja.

Amabhethri e-Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4).: Lawa mabhethri aziwa ngokuzinza nokuphepha kwawo okushisayo. Zisebenza kangcono emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezibandayo. Nakuba ukuminyana kwamandla kungaphansi kancane kunamabhethri e-lithium-ion, amabhethri e-LiFePO4 ngokuvamile anesikhathi eside sokuphila.

Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi imoto kagesi isebenzisa ibhethri le-lithium-ion elinezinga lokushisa elivamile lokusebenza elingu- -20°C kuya ku-60°C. Kulolu hlu, ibhethri izosebenza ngokujwayelekile futhi inikeze ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma imoto isetshenziswa njalo ezindaweni ezingaphansi kuka-20°C, ibhethri ingase itholakale inciphisa amandla okukhipha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokushaja.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma enye imoto kagesi isebenzisa ibhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate, ingase isebenze ebangeni lokushisa elingu-30°C kuya ku-55°C. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ibhethri izogcina ukusebenza kahle nokusebenza kahle nokushaja ngisho nasebusika obubandayo. 

Ukuqonda amazinga okushisa okusebenza nezinhlobo zamakhemikhali zamabhethri e-EV ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zemvelo. Ukukhetha uhlobo olulungile lwebhethri kungathuthukisa ukwethembeka nokufaneleka kwezimoto zikagesi, ikakhulukazi uma zibhekene nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.

Umkhawulo wesikhala sephakethe lebhethri

Umkhawulo wesikhala sephakethe lebhethri ubhekisela esikhaleni esiphezulu esingasithatha iphakethe lebhethri ngaphakathi kwemoto kagesi. Lesi sikhala asinqunywa kuphela ubukhulu bebhethri ngokwayo, kodwa futhi sinqunywa ukwakheka kwemoto, izidingo zokuphepha kanye nokwakheka kwezinye izingxenye. 

Usayizi nokuma kwebhethri kudinga kuqondaniswe eduze nesakhiwo semoto ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusetshenziswa kwendawo kanye nokusebenza kwemoto.

Battery Umthamo: Izithiyo zesikhala zithinta ngqo umthamo ophelele wephakethe lebhethri. Esikhaleni esilinganiselwe, ukumiswa kwamabhethri amakhulu kungase kukhawulelwe, okungase kuphumele ebangeni elilinganiselwe lemoto kagesi.

Idizayini yemoto: Amaphakethe ebhethri adinga ukuhlanganiswa ekwakhiweni kwemoto iyonke, okuhlanganisa indawo yabagibeli, indawo yemithwalo nezinye izingxenye zemishini. Onjiniyela bamadizayini badinga ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwebhethri kuyilapho begcina ukusebenza nobuhle bemoto.

Isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi imoto encane esebenza ngogesi yokuya edolobheni inesikhala esilinganiselwe esitholakalayo sephakethe lebhethri ngenxa yedizayini yayo yomzimba ohlangene. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuthi imodeli ingalungiselelwa kuphela ngephakethe lebhethri elincane noma elinosayizi omaphakathi, ngaleyo ndlela kukhawulelwe ububanzi bayo bokushayela. 

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, iSUV enkulu kagesi inganikeza isikhala esengeziwe sebhethri elikhulu ngenxa yobukhulu bomzimba wayo. Lokhu kuvumela iSUV ukuthi ibe nebanga elide, okwenza ikulungele ukushayela amabanga amade.

Izici ezengeziwe okudingeka uzicabangele

Ngokungeziwe kulawa mapharamitha angukhiye okukhulunywe ngawo ekuqaleni, kunezici ezimbalwa ezengeziwe okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha i-a ibhethri ngezimoto zikagesi (EVs):

Isivinini sokushaja: Isivinini sokushaja sebhethri sinquma ukuthi i-EV ingashajwa ngokushesha kangakanani. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kubasebenzisi abavame ukudinga ukuhamba amabanga amade, njengoba amandla okushaja ngokushesha aziswa kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlukene zamabhethri kanye Nezinhlelo Zokuphatha Ibhethri (BMS) zithinta kakhulu isivinini sokushaja.

Izindleko: Izindleko zebhethri zenza ingxenye enkulu yezindleko zemoto kagesi. Intengo yebhethri ithinta ngokuqondile intengo yemakethe nezinga lokwamukelwa kwama-EV.

Ubude bempilo nokuqina: Ubude bempilo nokuqina kwebhethri yizinto ezibalulekile ekukhetheni ibhethri. Ukuwohloka ekusebenzeni kwebhethri ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuthinta inani lesikhathi eside nezindleko zokunakekelwa kwe-EV.

Isiphetho sendaba

Ukukhetha okulungile ibhethri for an imoto kagesi kubalulekile. Lapho ukhetha ibhethri, qala ngokuhlonza izidingo zakho zohambo lwansuku zonke nebanga elide, ezizonquma umthamo webhethri odingekayo. Ngokusekelwe kuzimo zezulu zendawo yangakini, khetha uhlobo olufanele lwebhethri, njenge-lithium-ion noma i-lithium iron phosphate, ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene. 

Futhi, cabangela usayizi wephakethe lebhethri ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lilingana kahle nemoto yakho, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umthamo webhethri noma ukwakheka kwemoto. Ukwengeza, cabangela isivinini sokushaja kwebhethri, izindleko, ubude bempilo, ukuqina, nezici zokuphepha. 

Lokhu kucatshangelwa okuphelele kuzokusiza ukuba wenze ukukhetha unolwazi, uqiniseke ukuthi ibhethri alifinyeleli nje kuphela izidingo zakho zokushayela kodwa futhi liyalingana nesabelomali sakho nezindinganiso zokuphepha, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukwethembeka nokuphepha ekusebenziseni kwakho kwansuku zonke kwe-EV.

Okokugcina, uma ungathanda ukuhlola uhla lwamabhethri e-EV futhi ulandele imininingwane yawo eyinhloko, yiya ku- Chovm.com.