Ungawakhetha Kanjani Ama-Wind Turbines Angcono Kakhulu ngo-2024

Njengoba abathengi abaningi befuna amandla ahlanzekile, avuselelekayo kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nezokuhweba, amandla omoya abe omunye wemithombo yamandla ekhula ngokushesha emhlabeni. Enkabeni yalesi simo kukhona izinjini zomoya, ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amandla omoya.

Uma ufuna ukwengeza eziphehla ugesi, eyaziwa nangokuthi izikhiqizi zamandla omoya, kubalulekile ukucabangela izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa indawo yesayithi, ukuphuma kwamandla, nesivinini somoya.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobheka ukuthi izinjini zomoya zisebenza kanjani, sihlaziye imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-wind turbine, sihlole izinhlobo ze-wind turbine ezitholakalayo, futhi ekugcineni, sibheke ezinye izici ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho ukhetha. eziphehla ugesi ukwengeza kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo wakho.

Okuqukethwe
Asebenza kanjani ama-wind turbines?
Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-wind turbine
Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-wind turbines atholakalayo?
6 izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha i-wind turbine
Faka umoya kumaseyili ebhizinisi lakho

Asebenza kanjani ama-wind turbines?

Ama-turbines omoya ayizigxobo ezinde ezifakelwe izindwani ezifana nophephela eziphoqwa i-rotor, ezungeza ijeneretha yomoya ebese ikhiqiza amandla kagesi. I-rotor iqhutshwa amandla aerodynamic afana nalawo atholakala emaphikweni endiza noma ama-rotor blades.

Njengoba umoya ugeleza unqamule ama-rotor blade, ukucindezela komoya kuyehla ohlangothini olulodwa lwensingo, futhi lo mehluko kumfutho womoya otholakala ezinhlangothini ezimbili zama-blades yiwo odala umphumela wokuphakamisa nokudonsa odingekayo ukuze kubangele ukuphotha futhi, ngokulandelayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla omoya.

Umphumela walokhu kusebenza kwezinjini zomoya ukukhiqizwa kukagesi, okubizwa ngokuthi “amandla omoya” noma “amandla omoya.”

Uhlolojikelele lwemakethe ye-wind turbine

Ngokusho kombiko by Ukubukwa Okubukwa Okukhulu, imakethe yamandla omoya emhlabeni wonke yayinenani lama-US$ 99.28 billion ngo-2021. Umbiko uveza ukuthi esikhathini sokubikezela sika-2022-2030, inani lemakethe lizokhula ngezinga lokukhula elihlanganisiwe lonyaka (CAGR) lika-6.5%.

Lokhu kukhula okulindelekile kuqhutshwa ukwanda kwesidingo emhlabeni wonke sokushintsha imithombo yamandla evamile kufakwe leyo ehlanzekile futhi esimeme. Nakuba amandla elanga nawomoya ayebhekwa njengokubiza eminyakeni ethile edlule, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe kule mikhakha ilethe izixazululo ezintsha ezisungule kokubili amandla omoya namandla elanga njenge. izinketho ezibizayo uma kuqhathaniswa namalahle negesi asanda kwakhiwa namuhla. 

Izinhlaka zokulawula ezithandekayo nezinhlaka zenqubomgomo emazweni amaningi nasezifundeni, kanye nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengeSivumelwano saseParis, kuphinde kwathuthukisa ukukhula emakethe yamandla omoya. Lokhu kube yiqiniso ikakhulukazi e-United States nase-China, zombili ezibone ukufakwa kwe-inthanethi okukhulu kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ndawonye, ​​lezi zimakethe ezimbili kulinganiselwa ku-60% yazo zonke izengezo ezintsha zasolwandle.

Mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwesifunda, kulindeleke ukuthi i-Asia-Pacific izoqhubeka nokuba yimakethe enkulu yamandla omoya asogwini nasogwini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zama-wind turbines atholakalayo?

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezinkulu zezinjini zomoya ezitholakalayo njengamanje emakethe. Ngezansi ukubuka kafushane ngakunye: 

Izinjini zomoya ze-Horizontal-axis (HAWTs)

Lawa amaturbine abantu abaningi abawathwebulayo uma igama elithi “injini yomoya” kushiwo. Izinjini zomoya ezivundlile-eksisi ngokuvamile abe nama-blade amathathu azungeze i-rotor ezungeza “umoya” eksisi evundlile, okungukuthi, ebheke lapho umoya uya khona. 

Lawa ma turbines ajwayele ukugxunyekwa emibhoshongweni emide futhi akwazi ukuthwebula isivinini somoya esiphezulu kuyilapho egwema nesiphithiphithi esisuka phansi. Izithiyo, nokho, yilezi imishini yokuphehla ugesi zibe nezindleko eziphakeme zokufaka nokulungisa, zidale umsindo omkhulu kanye nokungcoliswa okubonakalayo, futhi zibe yingozi ezinyonini namalulwane.

Izinjini zomoya eziqondile (VAWTs)

Njengoba igama liphakamisa, esikhundleni sokuzungeza i-eksisi evundlile, Ama-VAWTs anikwa amandla yi-rotor nama-blades azungeza ku-eksisi eqondile. Ngokungafani nama-HAWT, ama-VAWT angafakwa eduze naphansi, okuholela ekufakweni nasekugcinweni okulula nokushibhile.

Futhi zinomsindo omncane kanye nomthelela obonakalayo futhi zenza ingozi encane ezinyoni nezinye izilwane. Lezi imishini yokuphehla ugesi zilungele kangcono izinhlelo zokusebenza ezincane noma izindawo zasemadolobheni. Sekushiwo lokho, kukhona ukungalungi, futhi lokhu kufaka phakathi ukukhishwa kwamandla aphansi nokusebenza kahle, izinselele ezizungeze ukuqala nokubhuleka, kanye nokucindezeleka okuphezulu okwenziwa kuma-rotor.

Ama-turbine omoya ayi-Hybrid

Lolu hlobo lweturbine yomoya kungenzeka lungabi namagama afingqiwe afana nama-HAWT nama-VAWT, kodwa ahlanganisa izici zakho kokubili i-axis evundlile kanye nezinjini zomoya ezivundlile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza nokuthembeka kwesizukulwane sazo somoya.

Amanye ama-turbine omoya ayi-hybrid afakwe kokubili i-axis evundlile kanye nama-rotor e-eksisi eqondile, okubavumela ukuthi bathole okungcono kakhulu kuyo yomibili imihlaba—ukubamba kokubili isivinini somoya esiphezulu nesiphansi. Amanye ama-turbine omoya ayi-hybrid ayakwazi ukumelana nokuphuma kwamandla aphansi kwama-VAWTs ngokuhlanganisa ama-rotor e-axis aqondile namashidi noma ama-diffuser, okusiza ukukhulisa isivinini somoya kanye nokucindezela okufakwa kuma-blades. 

Azikho ngaphandle kwezinselele zazo, nokho, njengoba ziyinkimbinkimbi ephakeme nesisindo esikhulu, okuholela ekunciphiseni ukulinganisa kanye ne-R&D elinganiselwe.

6 izici okufanele zicatshangelwe lapho ukhetha i-wind turbine

Manje njengoba sesikuqonda kahle ukuthi izinjini zomoya zisebenza kanjani kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezinjini zomoya ezitholakala emakethe, sekuyisikhathi sokuhlola izici eziphezulu amabhizinisi okufanele azicabangele lapho efuna ukwengeza izinjini zomoya emikhiqizweni yawo.

1. Umthombo womoya kanye nesivinini somoya

Enye yezinto zokuqala okufanele zicatshangelwe abathengisi isisetshenziswa somoya esitholakala kusayithi lomsebenzisi oqondiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuqaphela isilinganiso sezivinini zomoya nendlela eya ngakhona, kanye nokuhlukahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezindaweni eziqondiwe lapho abasebenzisi bezobe bekhipha izinjini zomoya.

Kunamathuluzi aku-inthanethi angasetshenziselwa le njongo, okuhlanganisa i-Global Wind Atlas, ekusiza ukuthi uthole izilinganiso zamandla omoya ezindaweni ezahlukene. Enye indlela yokuhlola lezi zimo zomoya ukufaka i-anemometer ezindaweni, okuyithuluzi elikala isivinini somoya kanye nalapho uya ngakhona. 

Ukuthola umthombo womoya kuzosiza ukunquma umoya turbine uhlobo, usayizi, nenombolo ezofakwa kusayithi, kanye nokuqagela kokuphuma kwamandla kanye nembuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali okufanele ilindelwe. 

2. Uhlobo lwenjini yomoya

Ngombono wezinsiza zomoya abasebenzisi abazoba nazo kumasayithi abo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuzoba ukucabangela uhlobo lwe-wind turbine ezofakwa. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zama turbines omoya: izinjini zomoya ezivundlile-eksisi, izinjini zomoya ezimile-eksisi, kanye nezinjini zomoya eziyingxube.

Ama-HAWT ngokuvamile babe nokuphuma kwamandla aphezulu ngenxa yokufakwa kwabo okude, okubavumela ukuthi bathwebule umoya ngesivinini somoya esiphezulu futhi bagweme isiphithiphithi sasemhlabeni. Kodwa-ke, nakuba zibhekwa njengezisebenza kahle futhi ezinokwethenjelwa, ngokuvamile zidinga indawo eyengeziwe nokunakekelwa okukhulu ukuze zisebenze. 

Ama-VAWTs, ezifakwe eduze naphansi, ziminyene kakhulu futhi zinikeza ukusebenza okuthule futhi okushibhile, okuphansi kuba ukusebenza kahle okuphansi nokuphuma kwamandla. 

Ukukhetha ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwenjini yomoya okufanele lusetshenziswe kufanele kusekelwe ezimfuneko zokukhipha amandla zabasebenzisi kanye nokucatshangelwa kwendawo, njengokuthi ingabe izinjini zomoya zizofakwa noma cha ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezinendawo encane nomsindo oqinile nemithetho yokungcoliswa okubonakalayo noma ezindaweni zasemakhaya ezinendawo eyengeziwe kanye nemvume enkulu yokusebenza okunomsindo.

3. Usayizi wenjini yomoya

Ukusuka lapho, kufanele ucabangele ubukhulu be- umoya turbine ezizosetshenziswa. Usayizi we-turbine, vele, unqunywa izidingo zamandla zabasebenzisi kanye nemikhawulo yabo yesabelomali nesayithi.

Izinjini zomoya zinezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ezihlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekuphumeni kwazo okulinganiselwe kwamandla: encane (ngaphansi kuka-100 kW), naphakathi (100–1,000 kW), kanye elikhulu (ngaphezu kuka-1,000 kW).

Izinjini zomoya ezincane zifaneleka kangcono ukufakwa ezindaweni zokuhlala noma ezingaphandle kwegridi, njengoba amandla azo aphumayo ngokuvamile angakwazi ukumboza izidingo zikagesi zekhaya elilodwa noma umphakathi omncane. Izinjini zomoya ezisezingeni eliphakathi zilungele ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano noma zezimboni, njengoba zikwazi ukunikeza amandla anele ezakhiweni ezinkulu namagridi kagesi amancane. Izinjini zomoya ezinkulu zingamaturbine anamandla kakhulu, enzelwe ukusetshenziswa kwesikali kanye nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezixhunywe kugridi ezingaphakela amagridi esifunda noma kazwelonke.

4. Ukusebenza nokusebenza

Isethi elandelayo yezinto okufanele icatshangelwe yilezi umoya turbine izinketho ezitholakalayo ngokuya ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe nokusebenza, nokuthi ziqhathaniswa kanjani nezindleko. Izinsiza ezinhle zokusetshenziselwa lokhu kuhlaziya amakhathalogi enjini yomoya kanye nesizindalwazi samandla omoya, njengoba akusiza ukuthi uthole futhi uqhathanise amamodeli e-turbine ahlukene namabhrendi afana nendlela yokunquma yomsebenzisi oqondiwe.

Eminye imingcele ebalulekile okufanele icatshangelwe ihlanganisa okulandelayo: 

• Isivinini somoya esinqunyiwe: Isivinini somoya esincane esidingekayo ukuqalisa i-turbine.
• Isivinini somoya esinqunyiwe: Isivinini esikhulu somoya i-wind turbine engakwazi ukumelana nayo.
• Isivinini somoya esilinganiselwe: Isivinini somoya lapho i-turbine ikhiqiza amandla ayo aphezulu okukhiphayo.
• Ububanzi be-Rotor: Ubude be-blade.
• Ubude behabhu: Ibanga phakathi kwenhlabathi nenkaba ye-rotor.
• Izindleko ezilinganiselwe zamandla (LCOE): Isilinganiso sezindleko zokukhiqiza i-kWh kagesi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwe-turbine. 

5. Umthelela wendawo

Lesi sinyathelo sibalulekile ukuthi sicatshangelwe njengoba sisiza abasebenzisi ukuthi basebenzise umoya turbine imisebenzi ehambisana nemigomo eco-friendly inhlangano yamandla avuselelekayo ezama ukuyithuthukisa. Njengoba amanye ama-turbines omoya angaba nemiphumela engemihle endaweni yawo, njengomsindo nokungcoliswa okubonakalayo, ukulimala kwezinyoni nezilwane zasendle, nokwanda kokusetshenziswa komhlaba, kubalulekile ukukala umthelela wemvelo uhlobo oluthile noma osayizi bama-turbine abazoba nawo endaweni ezungezile. 

Amathuluzi aku-inthanethi, njenge-Wind Energy Environmental Impact Calculator, angasetshenziswa ukulinganisa kangcono umthelela wemvelo wokuthile. eziphehla ugesi noma amaphrojekthi futhi anikeze ukuqhathanisa neminye imithombo yamandla ukuze kukhethwe izixazululo ezivumelana kakhulu nemvelo.

6. Izimvume nezimvume

Ukufakwa kwenjini yomoya kuyimisebenzi emikhulu edinga imvume yomkhandlu wendawo ukuze isetshenziswe. Akusizi ukuthola i-turbine enosayizi ofaneleke kakhulu namandla aphumayo kuphela ukuze uthole ukuthi leyo turbine ayivunyelwe endaweni yokufaka okuhlosiwe.

Yingakho kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ucwaningo luyenziwa mayelana nemithetho yenjini yomoya yezindawo okuhlosiwe. Ukusuka lapho, abasebenzisi bangafaka isicelo sezimvume nezimvume ezidingekayo zokufaka nokusebenzisa izinjini zabo zomoya.

Izimvume nezimvume zivame ukufunwa eminyangweni yokuhlela yendawo, izinkampani zezinsiza, iminyango yezokwakha, izikhungo zezemvelo, nezikhungo zezindiza. Lezi zinhlangano zizobe sezibeka imithetho ehlukahlukene yokuklama, izimiso zomsindo, amakhodi okwakha, amakhodi kagesi, namazinga okuphepha abasebenzisi okuzodingeka bawathobele. Kukhona abeluleki bamandla omoya abangochwepheshe abatholakalayo abanganikeza isiqondiso phakathi nale nqubo.

Faka umoya kumaseyili ebhizinisi lakho

Umkhakha wezamandla omoya uhamba ngesifundo okuhloswe ukuthi uzobona ukukhula eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuze basebenzise leli thuba, abathengisi bemishini yamandla kufanele bengeze izinjini zomoya ohlwini lwezimpahla zabo, njengoba bezobona ukwanda kwesidingo phezu kwe 2022–2030 isikhathi.

Ukuze wazi ukuthi yimaphi amaturbine omoya ongawengeza kukhathalogi yomkhiqizo wakho, kufanele ucabangele izici ezifana nomthombo womoya, amapharamitha okusebenza kwenjini yomoya, kanye nomthelela ongaba khona kwezemvelo. Ukuze uthole ukukhethwa kwabahlinzeki be-wind turbine ongakhetha kubo, vakashela Chovm.com ukuhlola ububanzi bomkhiqizo obanzi.