Ungawakhetha Kanjani Amaphaneli eSolar Agoqekayo ngo-2024

Isidingo samandla elanga sinyukile eminyakeni yamuva nje njengoba amazwe emhlabeni wonke elwela ukuthola ukuzimela kwamandla futhi ehlise izinga lawo lekhabhoni. A Ucwaningo olwenziwa emazweni angu-21 nabantu abangaphezu kuka-21000 okwaxoxwa nabo bathola ukuthi amandla elanga okwamanje angumthombo wamandla othandwa kakhulu, kanti u-68% usekela ukusetshenziswa kwawo. I-International Energy Agency (IEA) iphrojekthi efake umthamo wamandla we-solar PV izodlula lelo legesi yemvelo ngo-2026 namalahle ngo-2027.

Ngenxa yalokho, uguquko oluya emandleni ahlanzekile lukhulise kakhulu isidingo samapaneli elanga, osekuyinto evamile ophahleni lwezindlu nasemapulazini amakhulu elanga. Kodwa-ke, izinto ezintsha zakamuva kubuchwepheshe belanga ziye zaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwe amaphaneli elanga angagoqeka. Lawa maphaneli e-solar PV ayaphatheka, aguquguqukayo, futhi angasindi. Basiza ukugcina ama-electronics ekhokhiswa noma ngabe abasebenzisi baphumile, bekanise, noma bajabulela nje impelasonto olwandle.

Le bhulogi inikeza imininingwane ngesidingo esikhulayo samaphaneli elanga asongekayo kanye namathiphu okukhetha le mikhiqizo kumakhasimende ahlukene.  

Okuqukethwe
Amandla emakethe amaphaneli elanga anwebekayo
Izicelo zamaphaneli elanga agoqekayo
Izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga agoqekayo
Amathiphu wokukhetha amaphaneli elanga asongekayo wamakhasimende okugcina
Isiphetho

Amandla emakethe amaphaneli elanga anwebekayo

Inani labantu abahlanganyela emisebenzini yangaphandle liye landa eminyakeni yamuva. Ngokwesibonelo, 55%, cishe izigidi eziyi-168.1, wabantu base-US abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6 babambe iqhaza emsebenzini wangaphandle ngo-2022. Ngalesi sikhathi, bekunabakhempa abacishe babe ngu-51.4, okuwukwanda okungama-29.1% unyaka nonyaka phakathi neminyaka emithathu. Le misebenzi yokuzijabulisa yangaphandle iqhubekisele phambili isidingo samaphaneli elanga asongekayo ngenxa yokuphatheka kwawo kanye nemvelo engasindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwazo ezimotweni zokungcebeleka ezisetshenziswa abahambi nanjengokulondoloza amandla okulungiselela izimo eziphuthumayo kube nomthelela ekukhuleni kwemakethe.

Isidingo esandayo samaphaneli elanga agoqekayo afakazelwa ekukhuleni okurekhodiwe kwemakethe yephaneli yelanga ephathekayo, ebekwe inani US $ 3.5 billion ngo-2023. Kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US$13.1 billion ngo-2033, ikhule ku-CAGR ka-14.1%. Nakuba leli nani lemakethe lihlanganisa amanye amaphaneli elanga aphathwayo, okuhlanganisa ojosaka abafakwe ubuchwepheshe belanga, kanye namaphaneli elanga aphathekayo amancane naphathwa kancane, amaphaneli elanga asongekayo akha imakethe ephakeme kakhulu ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwawo nokusebenza ezimeni ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, i-Fact.MR ithole ukuthi amaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline, uhlobo lwephaneli egoqekayo, amelela 70% yenani lemakethe eliphelele lamaphaneli elanga aphathwayo.

Izicelo zamaphaneli elanga agoqekayo

Amaphaneli elanga asongekayo angasetshenziswa ezimeni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise

• Imisebenzi yangaphandle, njengokukhempa nokuqwala izintaba 
• Ingafakwa ezimotweni zokungcebeleka (ama-RV) ukuze inikeze amandla anele ukuze isetshenziswe ebusuku noma lapho uhamba ngaphandle kwegridi
• Amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo afakwe ojeke owodwa noma abaningi angasetshenziswa ukushaja amadivaysi ahlukahlukene, njengamafoni namalaptop.
• Ingasetshenziselwa ukunika amandla izinto zikagesi zasendlini ezincane, njengezifeni, izibani ze-LED, nezipikha eziphathwayo, ngesikhathi sokunqamuka kukagesi. 
• Amaphaneli elanga asongekayo angasetshenziselwa ukunikezwa kwamandla okuphuthumayo ngesikhathi sezinhlekelele zemvelo.

Izinhlobo zamaphaneli elanga agoqekayo

Amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo afika ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-polycrystalline, i-monocrystalline, nefilimu encane. Ukuziqonda kungasiza amabhizinisi enze izinqumo ezinolwazi futhi kuthuthukise ukuncintisana kwawo. 

I-Monocrystalline

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline ahlanganisa amaseli elanga e-monocrystalline, abhekisela kuma-cylindrical silicon ingots akhule asuka ku-silicon eyodwa-crystal. Kulokhu, iseli ngalinye liwucezu lwekristalu eyodwa ye-silicon ekhule ngokukhethekile ukuze yakhe amaphaneli elanga. Ingot isikwa ibe amadiski azacile anamaphethelo asikiwe akha umumo we-octagonal ohlelwe ngokulandelana ukuze wakhe iphaneli yelanga.

Amaphaneli elanga e-Monocrystalline akhiqizwa cishe US $ 6.04 billion ngo-2023, ukuthengiswa kwabo kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele ku-US$12.60 billion ngo-2032, kukhule ku-CAGR ka-8.5%. Lawa maphaneli elanga angezinye zezinketho ezidume kakhulu zezicelo zokuhlala nezokuhweba ngenxa yezinzuzo nezici zazo ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu
• Isakhiwo esihlangene, esingasindi
• Ukubukeka okumnyama okufanayo
• Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla 
• Ukubekezelela ukushisa okungcono

Kodwa-ke, nazo zinezinkinga ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise:

• Izindlela zokukhiqiza ezizinzile 
• Expensive 

Polycrystalline

Amaphaneli elanga e-Polycrystalline aqukethe amakristalu amaningi e-silicon kuseli eyodwa ye-PV. Abakhiqizi bancibilikisa ndawonye izingcezu ezimbalwa ze-silicon ukuze bakhe ama-wafers polycrystalline solar panel. Amakristalu e-silicon kungqamuzana ngalinye ayenza ikwazi ukusebenza njengethuluzi le-semiconductor, ngaleyo ndlela imunca ukukhanya kwelanga futhi ikuguqule kube amandla kagesi. 

Imakethe yamaphaneli elanga ye-polycrystalline yaziswa ngayo US $ 3.31 billion ngo-2023, futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US $ 6.18 ngo-2032, ikhule ku-CAGR ka-7.20%. Lokhu kukhula kwemakethe kungahlotshaniswa nezici zabo ezihlukahlukene kanye nobuhle, okuhlanganisa:

• Uhlaka lwazo lwesakhiwo lwenza ukukhweza kube lula
• Ibiza kancane kunamaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline
• Yiba nokubukeka okuyingqayizivele okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma okumabala
• Iba nesikhathi sokuphila esiqhathaniswa namaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline kodwa athengeka kakhulu 

Baphinde babe nokubi okuhlukile okufanele bakuqaphele, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kwamandla okuphansi ngenxa yokuhlanzeka kwe-silicon ephansi
• Ilimala kalula uma ichayeke emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ngenxa yokubekezelela ukushisa okuphansi
• Kuthatha isikhala esiningi ukukhiqiza amandla kagesi afanayo njenge-monocrystalline 

Amaphaneli e-amorphous noma amafilimu amancane

Amaphaneli e-amorphous noma amafilimu amancane amaphaneli elanga athambile, aguquguqukayo anomumo nokuma komcu werabha. Akhiwa kusetshenziswa ungqimba lwe-silicon oluncane kakhulu, olubekwe phezu kwe-substrate efana nensimbi, ipulasitiki, noma ingilazi. Ngokungafani namaphaneli elanga endabuko asebenzisa ukuxhumana kwemishini kumaseli, amaseli elanga amorphous axhunywe kusetshenziswa amaphethini okusikwa kwe-laser. Le nqubo yokudala iqinisekisa ukuthi azisindi futhi ziyagobeka.

Imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamaphaneli elanga acwebile amafilimu yaziswa kakhulu US $ 5.3 billion futhi kulindeleke ukuthi ifinyelele ku-US $ 11.2 billion ngo-2028, ikhula ku-CAGR ye-16%. Izici ezahlukahlukene zizosheshisa isidingo se amaphaneli amafilimu amancane, okuhlanganisa ukwanda kokutholwa kwezicelo zendawo yokuhlala kanye nezinhlelo zikahulumeni eziphathelene namaseli elanga amafilimu amancane. Ngaphandle kwalokho, lawa maphaneli elanga anezici ezihlukile nezinzuzo ezikhanga amasegimenti amakhasimende ahlukene womhlaba, okuhlanganisa:

• Iyavumelana nezimo, izenza zilungele izimo ezihlukile zokufakwa ezifana nezindawo ezigobile noma izikhala ezincane
• Idinga i-silicon encane ukuze ikhiqize, iyenze iqhubekele phambili 
• Ibiza kancane ngenxa yezinto ezincishisiwe kanye nokufaka kalula

Izinkinga zabo okufanele uziqaphele zihlanganisa:

• Isebenza kahle kakhulu kunamaphaneli elanga e-monocrystalline noma e-polycrystalline
• Kudingeka indawo yophahla eyengeziwe ukuze kuzuzwe amandla amaningi njengamaphaneli e-monocrystalline kanye ne-polycrystalline

Amathiphu wokukhetha amaphaneli elanga asongekayo wamakhasimende okugcina

Amakhasimende wokugcina amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo asukela kwabathandi bangaphandle kuya kubanikazi bezindlu, abahambi nabahlinzeki besevisi yezimo eziphuthumayo. Lawa maklayenti atholakala ezifundeni ezihlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Umnotho othuthukayo esifundeni sase-Asia Pacific, njengeChina, Japan, India, neSouth Korea, kulinganiselwa ukuthi izimakethe ezihamba phambili zamaphaneli elanga agoqekayo. Amanye amazwe anesidingo esikhulu sala maphaneli elanga ahlanganisa iCanada, iJalimane, i-UK, iSweden, neFrance.

Amabhizinisi kufanele aqonde lawa masegimenti ahlukene wamakhasimende ukuze aqondise kangcono futhi amise okunikezwayo kwawo. Ezinye izici okufanele uzibheke lapho ugcina amaphaneli elanga asongekayo kumakhasimende ahlukene afaka:  

Izici ezingangeni manzi

Amaphaneli amaningi elanga aklanyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle, okwandisa ukuchayeka ezintweni, njengamanzi, uthuli, nokungcola. Ukuhlola izilinganiso zamaphaneli ze-IPXX ezingangeni manzi kusiza ukunquma amandla awo okumelana nesimo sezulu. Isilinganiso se-Ingress Protection (IP) simelelwa izinombolo ezimbili. Isibonelo, amaphaneli elanga amaningi akalwe IP67 noma IP68. Inombolo yokuqala imelela isivikelo sephaneli ezinhlayiyeni eziqinile, kanti inombolo yesibili imelela ukuvikelwa oketshezini. Amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo anezinombolo ze-IP aphezulu anokuvikela okungcono ngokumelene nezakhi zesimo sezulu.

The IKhomishini ye-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) inikeza amazinga omhlaba wonke njengoba kukhonjisiwe kumhlahlandlela ongezansi wezilinganiso ze-IP.

Ukuphumelela

Ukusebenza kahle kwephaneli yelanga egoqekayo kubhekise ekhonweni layo lokuguqula ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi asebenzisekayo. Abathengi bafuna amaphaneli elanga akhiqiza amandla anele okushaja izinto zabo zikagesi. Ngakho-ke, kuyancomeka ukuthi amabhizinisi akhethe amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo anezilinganiso ezisebenza kahle kakhulu namandla okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabathengi. 

Usayizi nesisindo

Ubukhulu nesisindo samaphaneli elanga asongekayo anquma ukuphatheka kwawo. Ngakho-ke, amaphaneli ahlangene futhi angasindi abalulekile kubasebenzisi abadinga umthombo wamandla olula nophatheka kalula. Ziyakwazi futhi ukulawuleka ngesikhathi sohambo. Kodwa-ke, amanye amaphaneli elanga anamandla amakhulu okunika amandla ama-electronics amaningi angaba nzima futhi abe mkhulu. Lezi zici zizenza zilungele abasebenzisi abahamba ngemoto, njengezimoto zokuzijabulisa.

ukuqina

Amaphaneli elanga asongekayo angachayeka ezimeni ezehlukene zemvelo, njengemvula, ukukhanya kwelanga nothuli. Ngakho-ke, amabhizinisi kufanele akhethe amaphaneli anokwakhiwa okuqinile nezinto zokwakha ezingamelana nalezi zici ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphila isikhathi eside nokwethembeka. Amaphaneli ahlala isikhathi eside ahlomele kangcono ukubhekana nobunzima bokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle, ahlinzeka amakhasimende ngesisombululo samandla esiqinile nesihlala isikhathi eside.

Shaja futhi usebenzise isikhathi

Kunokucatshangelwa kwesikhathi okuhlukahlukene lapho ukhetha amaphaneli elanga asongekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhizinisi kufanele acabangele isikhathi esisithathayo ukuze amaphaneli elanga aguqule ukukhanya kwelanga kube amandla kagesi futhi akugcine kumabhethri akhelwe ngaphakathi noma isikhathi esisithathayo ukushaja amadivayisi axhunyiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele bacabangele ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuhlinzeka ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo kwamandla ngaphambi kokuthi kunciphe. Ekugcineni, okukhethiwe   

Isiphetho

Uguquko oluqhubekayo emhlabeni wonke oluya kumandla ahlanzekile lwenyuse isidingo samaphaneli elanga asongekayo. Lokhu kudale amathuba okuba amabhizinisi asemkhakheni wezamandla asebenzise futhi akhuphule imali engenayo, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuncintisana. Uma kubhekwa ukuthi abathengi abahlukene banezidingo ezahlukene zamandla, amabhizinisi adinga ukuba nekhathalogi ebanzi ukuze amukele izidingo zabathengi abaningi. Kulokhu, ukugcina zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zokugobeka amaphaneli elanga, i-monocrystalline, i-polycrystalline, ne-amorphous, isiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhonza amakhasimende ahlukene, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kwebhizinisi.

Vakashela i-Chovm.com namuhla ukuthola anhlobonhlobo amaphaneli elanga agoqekayo ahlangabezana nezidingo zebhizinisi lakho nezamakhasimende.